1.5 Summary

In this first chapter, we hope we've challenged you with some new ideas about security vulnerabilities. We particularly hope that you may now consider that the blame for security vulnerabilities belongs, to some degree, to all of us who buy and use the seriously flawed programs available today.

This point of view does not minimize or try to mitigate the responsibility of software producers for security quality. They should be held to the highest standards and hung out to dry if they fail. But it does in fact "take two to tango," and customers (particularly, the U.S. government, the biggest software customer, so far as we know, in the world) bear some responsibility to demand secure software.

Those among us who produce software, of course, have a special responsibility and a unique opportunity to improve matters. Our discipline has not reached the state of understanding and sound practice exemplified by those bridge builders shown on the cover of this book, but the folks driving their virtual vehicles over our structures rely on us nevertheless to keep them safe.

In Chapter 2, we'll exhibit the most important architectural principles and engineering concepts you can employ to make your software as secure as possible. In that chapter, we'll try to pass along some distilled security wisdom from the generation of coders that built the Internet.

Questions

• Have you ever written a program section with a security hole? Really? How do you know? And, if you are sure you haven't, why haven't you?

• Do programmers writing code today know more about security than programmers writing code 30 years ago?

• If you accept the principle of writing code that is "just secure enough" for your own applications, do you think it is socially responsible for software vendors to do the same?

• Visualize one of your favorite programs. What is it? Are you seeing a series of lines on a computer screen or piece of paper? Or is the "program" the series of machine-language instructions? Is it perhaps the algorithm or heuristic, or maybe the very input-to-output transformations that do the useful work? Now consider: in which of these various forms do most vulnerabilities appear? Also, will the same bug-fighting techniques succeed in all of these instantiations ?

• Which are more dangerous: cars without seat belts or Internet-capable programs with bad security? If the former, for how long will that be true? Is that within the lifetime of software you are working on, or will work on some day?

• Suppose you were responsible for the security of a web server. Which would make you feel safer: keeping the server in a room around the corner from your office or keeping it in another office building (also owned by your company) around the world? Why? Would it make a difference if you "knew"had physically metone or more workers in that remote building?

• Are the people you know more trustworthy than those you don't?

• Are you and your friends better engineers than we are?

• What are you doing to make the software you use more secure?

• Can you think of a safe way for software vendors to ensure that their customers install security patches? Should the process be automated? Should vendors be launching patch-installation worms that exploit a vulnerability in order to install a fix for it?

• Should software vendors be shielded from product liability?