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Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographic conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Used for new terms where they are defined, URLs, filenames, file extensions, directories, pathnames, and program names .

Constant width

Used for commands, statements, properties, keywords, variables , objects, methods , and other code items.

Constant width bold

Indicates commands or other text that you should type literally (rather than substituting text appropriate to your computer's configuration or the particular situation).

Constant width italic

Indicates commands or other text that you should replace with values suitable to your computer's configuration or the particular situation.

Menus and navigation

This book uses arrow symbols to indicate menu instructions. For example, "choose File Open means that you should open the File menu and choose the Open item from the menu. But when you need to click a tab, check or uncheck an option box, or click a button in a dialog box, this book tells you that clearly.

Pathnames

Pathnames show the location of a file or application in the Windows or Mac OS X filesystem. Windows folders are separated by a backward slashfor example, C:\Temp\Documents . Mac OS X folders are separated by forward slashesfor example, ~/Library/Preferences . In Mac OS X, a tilde (~) represents your Home folder.