| Contribute offers two different techniques for linking a specific user to a defined role. The method used depends on whether your site has the User Directory service of CPS enabled. If the User Directory service is not used, then a role is selected when the connection key is generated. Lesson 1 illustrated this technique when the connection key for your development site was created. The other technique (described in this lesson) also employs connection keys, but with several important differences. When the User Directory service is available, roles are assigned to existing users in Contribute. The pool of potential users comes from the connections established in the CPS administrative console, to a file-based directory or directory server such as Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). A connection key might be generated at the same time that the role is assigned. Unlike the other, nonUser Directory method, the connection key assigned in this case contains only an address to the CPS server, which maintains the role assignment. This arrangement places the management of users and roles squarely in the hands of the Contribute Administrator. Moreover, under the User Directory service, the connection key is optional. Without a connection key, users can connect to their site by entering connect:myServer in the Contribute browser's Location field, where myServer is the name of the CPS server. Some Administrators might find it easier to deploy Contribute by distributing this bit of information rather than an actual connection key file. In this exercise, you'll experience the entire gamut of user-role administration, as well as the effective differences between the various roles when working in Contribute. 1. | In Contribute, select Edit > Administer Websites > Design_Deploy. When the Administer Website dialog box appears, make sure that you're in the Users and Roles category and choose Add Users.
Note You must be an Administrator to assign roles to existing users. You'll see three names in the Add Users dialog box, corresponding to the names entered in Lesson 10 when CPS was configured. One nameyoursis italicized and inactive, indicating that it has already been assigned a role; the chosen role is shown in parentheses.
Note For now, you'll choose the user name directly. A little later, you'll learn how to use the search facility. | 2. | In the Add Users dialog box, under the Search Results area, select Pat Publish and click Add. After the selected name appears in the Users To Add list, choose Publisher from the Role for the New Users list. Deselect the "Send connection key e-mail to users" option and click OK. The selected user's name now appears under the appropriate role.
You can add multiple users in one operationeither by pressing the Shift key to select a range of contiguous user names or by holding down Ctrl (Command) as you click individual names. However, all the names you add must belong to a particular role. When working with a larger user base, the best practice is to add everyone belonging to a single role at once. Although the button you click to start the process is labeled Add Users, it's important to think of it as "adding users to roles," not "adding Contribute users to the site."
Note It's really up to the plan of deployment to determine whether you send a connection key or not when working with the User Directory service. In this scenario, the intent is that managers and upper-level content contributors, such as Publishers, would be able to understand the direct-connect method using connect:myServer, whereas content-entry workers probably wouldn't. Remember that the major difference between an Administrator and a Publisher role is the ability to delete pages. To illustrate this difference, you'll first browse to a page as Administrator and then visit the same page after logging in as a Publisher.
| 3. | Click Close to dispense with the Administer Website dialog box. Click HomePages > DesignDeploy to begin work on your site. Click Choose; when the Choose File on Website dialog box appears, expand the maternity folder and select goinghome.htm. Click OK to browse this page. Select File > Actions and note that the Delete Page option is available.
Note Although it's far more common for a page to be updated rather than deleted, sometimes it's necessary to delete a page from the site. Obviously, this is a major responsibility and the capability should be available only to users highly placed in the organization, such as Contribute Administrators. To experience the settings applied to another role, you'll need to log in as a different user. The most effective way to do that is by disabling and re-enabling the CPS connection.
| 4. | Choose Edit > My Connections. In the My Connections dialog box, select thePublishingServices server entry and click Disable. When you see the red slash through both the Publish ing Services server and the Design_Deploy site, click Enable. In the Log in to Publishing Services dialog box, enter the settings previously established for user PatPublish; enter ppublish in the Username field, and publish in the Password field. Select theRemember Password option and click OK. After the Role in the My Connections dialog box changes to Publisher, click Close.
 You'll use the same technique for switching users throughout this lesson, so you can see firsthand what effect the different settings have while browsing and editing.
| 5. | With the goinghome.htm page still displayed in the Contribute browser, choose File > Actions; note that the Delete Page command is unavailable. Click Edit Page. Take note ofthe options available in the main toolbar, particularly the Publish and Send for Review buttons.Click Cancel; when Contribute asks whether you want to cancel the draft, click Yes.
You saw that users assigned the Publisher roleunlike an Administratorcannot delete a published page, but this role has the option to publish a page or send it for review. Next, you'll take a look at the possibilities for someone in a Writer's roleafter assigning a user to that role.
| 6. | Choose Edit > My Connections, select the Publishing Services server, and click Disable. Then click Enable. When the Log in to Publishing Services dialog box opens, enter jdoe in the Username field and user in the Password field. When you receive the message that your user name and password are incorrect, click OK. Enter your Administrator user name and password and click OK. After the connection is enabled, click Close.
When serving as Administrator, it's important to be familiar with the way things should work and know what happens when something goes wrong. In this case, Contribute blocked the unknown user from logging in. If you had entered the user name and password for a known user who had not yet been assigned a role, the Publishing Services connection would have been enabled, but not the connection to Design_Deploy. Before you assign this role, you'll take a moment to explore the Add Users Search function.
| 7. | Select Edit > Administer Websites > Design_Deploy and choose Add Users when the Administer Website dialog box opens. In the Add Users dialog box, enter the first three letters of the unassigned user's last name (wri) and pause. Note that the desired user isselected in the Search Results area. Click Add and choose Writer from the Role for the NewUsers list. If you have an online connection and email client, check the "Send connection key e-mail to users" option and click OK. When your email client opens a new message, make sure that it's addressed properly to W. Writer and that the connection key for the site is included as an attachment. Read through the message and click Send when you're done. When you return to Contribute, click Close to dismiss the Administer Website dialog box.
Note Before long, you should receive an email response from W. Writer of Bounty General, acknowledging receipt of the connection key. This is an automatically generated response intended to simulate a real work situation.  The Search feature in the Add Users dialog box is very handy when you're working with a large base of users. You can search on any portion of the users' names; the Search button can initiate the searchas can the momentary pause.
| 8. | Select Edit > My Connections; when the dialog box opens, highlight the Publishing Services server and click Disable. Then click Enable. In the Log in to Publishing Services dialog box, enter wwriter in the Username field and write in the Password field. Click Close to dismiss the My Connections dialog box. To verify the change of role settings, click Edit Page. Notice that the Contribute toolbar no longer includes a Publish button and that this user can only submit a page for review.
Part of your overall deployment plan should include training for Contribute users on submitting their modified pages for review. As you'll see in Lesson 12, you can send your page to any individual user assigned a role, or to all members of a given role.
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