Summary

This chapter focused on remote access VPN troubleshooting techniques. This chapter provided common troubleshooting recommendations and techniques when using the different VPN clients such as the following:

• Cisco VPN Unity Software client

• Cisco 3002 HW client

• Cisco Easy VPN client

• Cisco PIX Hardware client

By using the existing variety of broadband technologies and running remote access VPN over cable modem technology, xDSL technology and wireless and satellite technologies were another focus of this chapter. Every one of them poses different requirements and challenges when run with VPN. The provided technology details are designated to help troubleshooting engineers in their efforts.

One emphasis of this chapter was to show the different phases and modes of VPN, which provide extensive outputs, using mainly Cisco IOS tools, to outline some of the otherwise hidden steps in the user VPN processes. This information some times can be invaluable when the non-known troubleshooting issue arises.