Index_S

S

S convergence measure, 3030

saddle test, definition

MODECLUS procedure, 2879

salience of loadings, FACTOR procedure, 1294, 1327

Sampford's method

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4455

sample design

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4203

sample selection methods

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4446

sample size

CATMOD procedure, 887

overview of power concepts (POWER), 3488

See GLMPOWER procedure, 1929

See POWER procedure, 3411

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4440

sample size adjustment

GLMPOWER procedure, 1946

POWER procedure, 3494

sample survey analysis, ordinal data, 816

sampling fraction, 165

sampling frame, 164

sampling rate, 165

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4194, 4204

SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 4251, 4280

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4324, 4334

SURVEYREG procedure, 4374, 4382

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4439

sampling unit, 164

sampling weight, 165

sampling zeros

and log-linear analyses (CATMOD), 871

and structural zeros (CATMOD), 888

sandwich estimator

MIXED procedure, 2676

SAS Companion, 327, 336, 348

SAS current folder, 327

SAS data set

DATA step, 21

summarizing, 21, 22

SAS Registry, 327, 346

SAS Registry Editor, 346

SAS Results Viewer, 327, 336

SAS/ETS software, 22

SAS/GRAPH software, 22

SAS/IML software, 22

SAS/INSIGHT software, 22

SAS/OR software, 23

SAS/QC software, 23

Satterthwaite method

MIXED procedure, 2694

Satterthwaite t test

power and sample size (POWER), 3463, 3472, 3527

Satterthwaite's approximation , 4775, 4785

testing random effects, 1835

Savage scores

NPAR1WAY procedure, 3167

saving graphics image files

ODS Graphics, 336

saving templates

examples, ODS Graphics, 368

sawtooth power function, 3541

scale estimates

FASTCLUS procedure, 1390, 1392, 1397, 1399, 1400

scale parameter

GENMOD procedure, 1653

Scaled Residual

MIXED procedure, 2705

Scaled residuals

MIXED procedure, 2764

scaling variables

DISTANCE procedure, 1251

MODECLUS procedure, 2856

STDIZE procedure, 4143

scalogram analysis

CORRESP procedure, 1069

scatter plots

plots, ODS Graphics, 343, 351

Scheff 's multiple-comparison procedure, 1810

Scheff 's multiple-comparison procedure, 444

Scheff 's multiple-comparison procedure, 1769

Schoenfeld residuals

PHREG procedure, 3234, 3258

Schwarz criterion

LOGISTIC procedure, 2341

SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 4279

Schwarz's Bayesian information criterion

example (MIXED), 2780, 2794, 2823

MIXED procedure, 2676, 2740, 2750

SCORE procedure

CALIS procedure, 571, 586, 643

computational resources, 4075

examples, 4067, 4075

input data set, 4072

OUT= data sets, 4075

output data set, 4072, 4075

PRINCOMP procedure, 3611

regression parameter estimates from REG procedure, 4074

scoring coefficients, 4065

score residuals

PHREG procedure, 3234, 3259

score statistics

GENMOD procedure, 1668

LOGISTIC procedure, 2343

SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 4287

score test

PHREG procedure, 3229, 3231, 3246, 3269, 3274, 3276

TPHREG procedure, 4486

score variables

interpretation (SCORE), 4074

scores

NPAR1WAY procedure, 3166

scoring

MIXED procedure, 2674, 2680, 2774

scoring coefficients (SCORE), 4065

scree plot, 1336

screening design, analysis, 1895

screening experiments

GLMMOD procedure, 1923

SDF,

See survival distribution function

selecting graphs

examples, ODS Graphics, 330, 352, 361

ODS Graphics, 330

selection methods,

See model selection

semiparametric model

PHREG procedure, 3215

semipartial correlation

CANCORR procedure, 762

formula (CLUSTER), 984

semivariogram

computation (VARIOGRAM), 4876, 4877

empirical (or experimental) (VARIOGRAM), 4856, 4858

robust (VARIOGRAM), 4861, 4869, 4877

sensitivity

CATMOD procedure, 941

sequential random sampling

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4448

serpentine sorting

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4445

Shape distance coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1271

Shewhart control charts , 23

Sidak (MULTTEST)

p -value adjustments, 2942, 2956, 2972

Sidak's t test, 1769, 1810

Sidak's adjustment

GLM procedure, 1754

MIXED procedure, 2688

MULTTEST procedure, 2942, 2956, 2972

Sidak's inequality, 444

Siegel-Tukey scores

NPAR1WAY procedure, 3167

significance level

CALIS procedure, 588

entry (PHREG), 3230

hazards ratio confidence interval (PHREG), 3233

removal (PHREG), 3230, 3277

significance tests

MODECLUS procedure, 2876, 2916

sill

KRIGE2D procedure, 2047

SIM2D procedure

Cholesky root, 4107

computational details, 4109

conditional and unconditional simulation, 4091

conditional distributions of multivariate normal random variables, 4108

examples, 4092, 4111

Gaussian assumption, 4091

Gaussian random field, 4091

LU decomposition, 4106

memory usage, 4110

output data sets, 4099, 4110

OUTSIM= data set, 4110

quadratic form, 4108

simulation of spatial random fields, 4106-4109

similarity data

MDS procedure, 2471, 2478, 2484

Similarity Ratio coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1272

simple cluster-seeking algorithm, 1381

simple effects

GLM procedure, 1758, 1817

MIXED procedure, 2691

simple kappa coefficient, 1493, 1495

Simple Matching coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1274

Simple Matching dissimilarity coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1274

simple random cluster sampling

SURVEYREG procedure, 4397

simple random sampling

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4315

SURVEYREG procedure, 4365, 4395

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4423, 4447

simplicity functions

CALIS procedure, 607

FACTOR procedure, 1294, 1316, 1329

SIMPLS method

PLS procedure, 3380

simulation of spatial random fields

SIM2D procedure, 4106-4109

simulation-based adjustment

GLM procedure, 1754

MIXED procedure, 2688

single linkage

CLUSTER procedure, 967, 982

singularities

MIXED procedure, 2775

REG procedure, 3917

singularity

MI procedure, 2521

singularity checking

CANCORR procedure, 762

GLM procedure, 1750, 1752, 1758, 1772

singularity criterion

CALIS procedure, 590

contrast matrix (GENMOD), 1632

contrast matrix (LOGISTIC), 2300

contrast matrix (SURVEYLOGISTIC), 4258

contrast matrix (TPHREG), 4481

covariance matrix (CALIS), 588, 590, 591

information matrix (GENMOD), 1642

PHREG procedure, 3232

TRANSREG procedure, 4579

singularity level

SURVEYREG procedure, 4377, 4379

singularity tolerances

NLMIXED procedure, 3072

Size distance coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1271

skewness

CALIS procedure, 658

displayed in CLUSTER procedure, 972

SMM multiple-comparison method, 444, 1769, 1811

smoothing parameter

cluster analysis, 979

MODECLUS procedure, 2864, 2871

optimal ( DISCRIM ), 1162

smoothing parameter, default

MODECLUS procedure, 2872

smoothing spline transformation

PRINQUAL procedure, 3663

TRANSREG procedure, 4564, 4596

Sokal and Sneath 1 coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1274

Sokal and Sneath 3 coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1275

Somers' D statistics, 1474, 1478

spacing

STDIZE procedure, 4139

spatial anisotropic exponential structure

MIXED procedure, 2721

spatial covariance structures

examples (MIXED), 2723

MIXED procedure, 2722, 2730, 2774

spatial prediction

VARIOGRAM procedure, 4851, 4852

Spearman rank correlation coefficient, 1474, 1480

specificity

CATMOD procedure, 941

spherical semivariogram model

KRIGE2D procedure, 2046, 2047

sphericity tests, 449, 1780, 1881

spline t-options

PRINQUAL procedure, 3665

TRANSREG procedure, 4566

spline transformation

PRINQUAL procedure, 3662

TRANSREG procedure, 4564, 4611

splines

Bayesian confidence intervals, 4513

goodness of fit, 4514

regression model, 4497, 4513, 4518

thin-plate smoothing, 4497

TPSPLINE procedure, 4497

TRANSREG procedure, 4560, 4561, 4614, 4637, 4678, 4709

split-plot design

ANOVA procedure, 451, 470, 472, 475

generating with PLAN procedure, 3352

MIXED procedure, 2734, 2777

square root difference cloud

VARIOGRAM procedure, 4882

Squared Correlation dissimilarity coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1272

Squared Correlation similarity coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1272

Squared Euclidean distance coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1271

squared multiple correlation

CALIS procedure, 657, 686

CANCORR procedure, 762

squared partial correlation

CANCORR procedure, 762

squared semipartial correlation

CANCORR procedure, 762

formula (CLUSTER), 984

SSCP matrix

displaying, for multivariate tests, 438, 439

for multivariate tests, 437

for multivariate tests (GLM), 1759, 1761

stacking table

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4324

standard deviation

CLUSTER procedure, 972

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4341

standard error

PHREG procedure, 3225, 3233, 3235, 3269

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4338

TPHREG procedure, 4487

standard error of ratio

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4339

standard error ratio

PHREG procedure, 3269

TPHREG procedure, 4487

standard linear model

MIXED procedure, 2663

STANDARD procedure, 21

standardized values, 21

standardization

comparisons between DISTANCE and STDIZE procedures, 1251

standardized score process

PHREG procedure, 3267, 3271

standardizing

cluster analysis (STDIZE), 4143

CLUSTER procedure, 972

MODECLUS procedure, 2856

raw data (SCORE), 4066

redundancy variables (TRANSREG), 4591

TRANSREG procedure, 4572

values (STANDARD), 21

values (STDIZE), 4119

star (*) operator

TRANSREG procedure, 4558

stationary point

NLMIXED procedure, 3100

statistic-keywords

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4326

statistical

assumptions (GLM), 1783

quality control, 23

tests (MULTTEST), 2948

statistical computation

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4336

statistical computations

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4206

Statistical Graphics Using ODS,

see ODS Graphics

Statistical style

ODS styles, 333

STD option (MODECLUS), 2856

STD= option (DISTANCE), 1265

STDIZE procedure

AGK estimate, 4139

analyzing data in groups, 4134

Andrew's wave estimate, 4139

breakdown point and efficiency, 4138

comparisons of quantile computation,

PCTLMTD option, 4139

computational methods, PCTLDEF option, 4140

Euclidean length, 4138

examples, 4119, 4143

final output value, 4119

formulas for statistics, 4138

fuzz factor, 4130

Huber's estimate, 4139

initial estimates for A estimates, 4131

input data set (METHOD=IN()), 4137

methods resistant to clustering, 4138

methods resistant to outliers, 4124, 4138

Minkowski metric, 4138

missing values, 4131, 4133, 4141

normalization, 4131, 4133

one-pass quantile computations, 4139

OUT= data set, 4130, 4141

output data sets, 4132, 4141

output table names , 4142

OUTSTAT= data set, 4141

quantile computation, 4119, 4139

robust estimators, 4138

spacing, 4139

standardization methods, 4119, 4136

standardization with weights, 4135

Tukey's biweight estimate, 4127, 4139

tuning constant, 4127, 4137

unstandardization, 4133

weights, 4135

step halving

PHREG procedure, 3245

step length

CALIS procedure, 581

step length options

NLMIXED procedure, 3096

STEPDISC procedure

average squared canonical correlation, 4173

computational resources, 4171

input data sets, 4170

introductory example, 4158

memory requirements, 4171

methods, 4157

missing values, 4170

ODS table names, 4174

Pillai's trace, 4173

stepwise selection, 4159

time requirements, 4171

tolerance, 4173

Wilks' lambda, 4173

stepdown methods

GLM procedure, 1814

MULTTEST procedure, 2957, 2972

stepwise discriminant analysis, 4157

stepwise selection

LOGISTIC procedure, 2317, 2341, 2391

PHREG procedure, 3229, 3265, 3272

REG procedure, 3800, 3874

STEPDISC procedure, 4159

stored data algorithm, 986

stored distance algorithms, 986

strata

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4196

SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 4266

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4332

SURVEYREG procedure, 4381

strata variables

PHREG procedure, 3237

programming statements (PHREG), 3235

strata weights

MULTTEST procedure, 2951

stratification

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4196, 4203

SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 4266

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4332, 4346

SURVEYREG procedure, 4381, 4391

stratified analysis

FREQ procedure, 1431, 1450

PHREG procedure, 3216, 3237

stratified cluster sample

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4350

stratified sampling, 164

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4318

SURVEYREG procedure, 4368, 4401

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4425, 4444

stratified table

example, 1540

stratified tests

LIFETEST procedure, 2150, 2155, 2156, 2158, 2167, 2180, 2187

stratum collapse

SURVEYREG procedure, 4388, 4411

stress formula

MDS procedure, 2479, 2480, 2489

strip-split-plot design

ANOVA procedure, 475

structural equation (CALIS)

definition, 585, 625, 658

dependent variables, 625

models, 552

structural model example (CALIS), 555

COSAN model, 561

factor analysis model, 564

LINEQS model, 558, 562

LISREL model, 559

path diagram, 555, 600

RAM model, 557, 563

Stuart's tau- c statistic, 1474, 1478

Student's multiple range test, 444, 1769, 1814

Studentized maximum modulus

pairwise comparisons, 444, 1769, 1811

Studentized Residual

MIXED procedure, 2704

studentized residual, 1774, 3899

Studentized residuals

external, 2768

internal, 2768

MIXED procedure, 2768

style attributes, modifying

examples, ODS Graphics, 374, 376, 378

style elements, modifying

examples, ODS Graphics, 374, 376, 378

subdomain analysis

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4205

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4336

subgroup analysis

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4205

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4336

subject effect

MIXED procedure, 2683, 2715, 2721, 2776, 2782

subject weights

MDS procedure, 2471, 2477

subpopulation

GENMOD procedure, 1637

LOGISTIC procedure, 2308, 2316, 2355

PROBIT procedure, 3742, 3745, 3761

subpopulation analysis

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4205

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4336

sum-to-zero assumptions, 1835

summary of commands

MIXED procedure, 2672

summary statistics

REG procedure, 3896

sums of squares

GLM procedure, 1772, 1773

Type II (GLM), 1773

Type II (TRANSREG), 4580

supported operating environments

ODS Graphics, 348

supported procedures

ODS Graphics, 348

suppressing output

CANCORR procedure, 761

GENMOD procedure, 1627

MI procedure, 2520

surface plots

plots, ODS Graphics, 324, 360

surface trend

VARIOGRAM procedure, 4854

survey data analysis, 161

survey sampling, 161,

see also SURVEYFREQ procedure

see also SURVEYMEANS procedure

see also SURVEYREG procedure

see also SURVEYSELECT procedure

cluster sampling, 164

data analysis, 4185

descriptive statistics, 4315

finite population correction factor, 165

first-stage sampling unit, 165

fpc, 165

multistage sampling, 165

population, 164

population total, 165

PPS, 161

primary sampling units (PSUs), 165

regression analysis, 4365

sample selection, 4421

sampling fraction, 165

sampling frame, 164

sampling rate, 165

sampling unit, 164

sampling weight, 165

stratified sampling, 164

survey weight, 165

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 167

SURVEYREG procedure, 167

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 167

variance estimation, 166

survey weight, 165

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 159, 4185

alpha level, 4199

chi-square test, 4216

cluster, 4195

clustering, 4203

coefficient of variation, 4214

column proportions , 4212

confidence limits, 4213

covariance, 4210

crosstabulation tables, 4227

data summary table, 4225

default tables, 4197

degrees of freedom, 4214

design effect, 4215

design-adjusted chi-square test, 4216

displayed output, 4225

domain analysis, 4205

expected weighted frequency, 4215

introductory example, 4185

missing values, 4205

multiway tables, 4227

ODS table names, 4230

one-way frequency tables, 4226

order of variables, 4193

output table names, 4230

population total, 4194, 4204

proportions, 4210

Rao-Scott chi-square test, 4216

Rao-Scott likelihood ratio test, 4219

row proportions, 4212

sample design, 4203

sampling rate, 4194, 4204

statistical computations, 4206

statistical test tables, 4229

strata, 4196

stratification, 4196, 4203

stratum information table, 4225

subdomain analysis, 4205

subgroup analysis, 4205

subpopulation analysis, 4205

Taylor series method, 4206

totals, 4209

unequal weighting , 4204

Wald chi-square test, 4221

Wald log-linear chi-square test, 4223

SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 159

Akaike's information criterion, 4279

cluster, 4255

computational details, 4282

confidence intervals, 4288

convergence criterion, 4261-4263

customized odds ratio, 4267

displayed output, 4292

EFFECT Parameterization, 4270

estimability checking, 4258

existence of MLEs, 4277

first-stage sampling rate, 4251

Fisher's scoring method, 4264, 4265, 4276

GLM Parameterization, 4271

gradient, 4287

Hessian matrix, 4264, 4287

infinite parameter estimates, 4263

initial values, 4280

link function, 4243, 4263, 4273

log odds, 4289

maximum likelihood algorithms, 4275

Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), 4302

missing values, 4251, 4268

model fitting criteria, 4279

Newton-Raphson algorithm, 4264, 4265, 4277

odds ratio confidence limits, 4262

odds ratio estimation, 4288

ORDINAL Parameterization, 4271

ORTHEFFECT Parameterization, 4272

ORTHORDINAL Parameterization, 4272

ORTHOTHERM Parameterization, 4272

ORTHPOLY Parameterization, 4273

ORTHREF Parameterization, 4273

output table names, 4295

Parameterization, 4270

POLY Parameterization, 4271

POLYNOMIAL Parameterization, 4271

population total, 4252, 4280

primary sampling units (PSUs), 4281

rank correlation, 4292

REF Parameterization, 4272

REFERENCE Parameterization, 4272

response level ordering, 4270

reverse response level ordering, 4259, 4269

sampling rate, 4251, 4280

Schwarz criterion, 4279

score statistics, 4287

singular contrast matrix, 4258

strata, 4266

stratification, 4266

testing linear hypotheses, 4266, 4288

Variance Estimation, 4282

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 159, 4315

categorical variable, 4329, 4337, 4341

class level, 4346

cluster, 4329

coefficient of variation, 4340

confidence level, 4323

confidence limits, 4340, 4342

data summary, 4346

degrees of freedom, 4340, 4344

denominator variable, 4330

descriptive statistics, 4347

domain analysis, 4336, 4348

domain mean, 4343

domain statistics, 4342

domain total, 4343

domain variable, 4330

empty stratum, 4334, 4344

estimated frequency, 4341

estimated total, 4341

first-stage sampling rate, 4324

indicator variable, 4337

mean per element, 4337

means, 4337

missing values, 4323, 4333, 4358

numerator variable, 4330

ODS table names, 4349

output data set, 4321, 4345

output table names, 4349

population total, 4326, 4334

primary sampling units (PSUs), 4335

proportion estimation, 4341

ratio, 4330, 4339

ratio analysis, 4330, 4339, 4348

rectangular table, 4324

sampling rate, 4324, 4334

simple random sampling, 4315

stacking table, 4324

standard deviation of the total, 4341

standard error of ratio, 4339

standard error of the mean, 4338

statistic-keywords, 4326

statistical computation, 4336

strata, 4332

stratification, 4332, 4346

stratified cluster sample, 4350

stratified sampling, 4318

subdomain analysis, 4336

subgroup analysis, 4336

subpopulation analysis, 4336

t test, 4339

valid observation, 4346

variance of the mean, 4338

variance of the total, 4341

SURVEYREG procedure, 159, 4365

ADJRSQ, 4380

Adjusted R-square, 4387

analysis of contrasts, 4393

analysis of variance, 4387

ANOVA, 4380, 4387, 4392

classification level, 4391

classification variables, 4375

cluster, 4376

coefficients of contrast, 4392

coefficients of estimate, 4393

computational details, 4384

confidence level, 4373

confidence limits, 4380

contrasts, 4376, 4389

data summary, 4390

degrees of freedom, 4385

design effect, 4388

design summary, 4390

effect testing, 4386, 4392

estimable functions, 4378, 4393

first-stage sampling rate, 4374

inverse matrix of X ^² X , 4391

missing values, 4382

MSE, 4388

multiple R-square, 4387

output data set, 4372, 4393

output table names, 4394

pooled stratum, 4389

population total, 4374, 4382

primary sampling units (PSUs), 4383

regression coefficients, 4384, 4392

regression estimator, 4400, 4407

Root MSE, 4388

sampling rate, 4374, 4382

simple random cluster sampling, 4397

simple random sampling, 4365, 4395

singularity level, 4377, 4379

strata, 4381

stratification, 4381, 4391

stratified sampling, 4368, 4401

stratum collapse, 4388, 4411

variance estimation, 4385

Wald test, 4386, 4389

X ² X matrix, 4391

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 167, 4421

Brewer's method, 4453

certainty size measure, 4432

Chromy's method, 4448, 4452

control sorting, 4443, 4445

displayed output, 4458

dollar-unit sampling, 4466

initial seed, 4441

introductory example, 4422

joint selection probabilities, 4433

maximum size measure, 4433

minimum size measure, 4436

missing values, 4445

Murthy's method, 4454

output data sets, 4456

output table names, 4460

PPS sampling, 4463

PPS sampling, with replacement, 4451

PPS sampling, without replacement, 4449

PPS sequential sampling, 4452

PPS systematic sampling, 4451

replicated sampling, 4438, 4460

Sampford's method, 4455

sample selection methods, 4446

sample size, 4440

sampling rate, 4439

sequential random sampling, 4448

serpentine sorting, 4445

simple random sampling, 4423, 4447

stratified sampling, 4425, 4444

systematic random sampling, 4448

unrestricted random sampling, 4447

survival analysis

power and sample size (POWER), 3473, 3481, 3533

survival distribution function

LIFETEST procedure, 2149, 2171, 2184

PHREG procedure, 3239

survival function

LIFEREG procedure, 2083, 2111

survival models, parametric, 2083

survival times

PHREG procedure, 3215, 3281, 3283

survivor function,

See survival distribution function

definition (PHREG), 3239

estimates (LOGISTIC), 2460

estimates (PHREG), 3225, 3235, 3261, 3299

PHREG procedure, 3215, 3235, 3240

sweep algorithm

REG procedure, 3917

symmetric and positive definite (SIM2D)

covariance matrix, 4107

symmetric binary variable

DISTANCE procedure, 1250

syntax

ROBUSTREG procedure, 3982

systematic random sampling

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4448