2-8 area area-id range ip-address mask

2-8 area area-id range ip-address mask

2-9 area area-id range ip-address mask advertise

2-10 area area-id range ip-address mask not-advertise

Syntax Description:

• area-id ” OSPF area ID. This value can be entered as a decimal number in the range of 0 to 4,294,967,295 or in IP address form in the range 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.

• ip-address ” IP address of the summary route.

• mask ” Subnet mask used to generate the summary.

Purpose: OSPF can summarize OSPF routes from the backbone or Area 0 into a non-zero OSPF area or from a non-zero area into the backbone. OSPF route summarization can only occur on an ABR. An ABR is a router than has at least one interface in Area 0 and at least one interface in a non-zero OSPF area. Commands 2-8 and 2-9 are equivalent. Using the keyword not-advertise will suppress the advertisement of the summary route by the ABR.

Initial Cisco IOS Software Release: 10.0

Configuration Example 1: Summarizing OSPF Routes from a Non-zero OSPF Area into the Backbone

In Figure 2-8, Router B will summarize the four Area 1 routes into Area 0. This example simulates four networks on Router B using loopback interfaces. These four networks will then be summarized into the backbone using the area range command.

Router A

interface Loopback0


ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255


!


interface Serial0/1


ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252


clockrate 64000


!


router ospf 1


network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

_______________________________________________________________________



Router B

interface Loopback0


ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255


!


interface Loopback1


ip address 156.26.32.1 255.255.255.240


!


interface Loopback2


ip address 156.26.32.17 255.255.255.240


!


interface Loopback3


ip address 156.26.32.33 255.255.255.240


!


interface Loopback4


ip address 156.26.32.49 255.255.255.240


!


interface Serial0


ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252


!


router ospf 1


network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0


network 156.26.32.0 0.0.0.63 area 1

Before summarizing the routes, inspect the IP routing table on Router A to verify that the four networks are being advertised.

rtrA#

show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

       U - per-user static route, o - ODR



Gateway of last resort is not set



     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

     156.26.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets

O IA    156.26.32.33 [110/65] via 10.1.1.2, 00:06:57, Serial0/1


O IA    156.26.32.49 [110/65] via 10.1.1.2, 00:06:57, Serial0/1


O IA    156.26.32.1 [110/65] via 10.1.1.2, 00:06:57, Serial0/1


O IA    156.26.32.17 [110/65] via 10.1.1.2, 00:06:57, Serial0/1

10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1

A 26-bit subnet mask is required to summarize the four loopback addresses being advertised by Router B. Modify the configuration on Router B in order to summarize the four loopback addresses.

Router B

router ospf 1



area 1 range 156.26.32.0 255.255.255.192



network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0


network 156.26.32.0 0.0.0.63 area 1

There are two important components to notice in the area range command. The first is the area ID. This is the area where the routes originated. In this example, the originating area is Area 1. The second component is the mask that is used with the area range command. The format of the mask is the opposite of the format used with the OSPF network command.

Verification

Verify that the four loopback networks have been summarized by Router B by inspecting the IP routing table on Router A.

rtrA#

show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

       U - per-user static route, o - ODR



Gateway of last resort is not set



     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

156.26.0.0/26 is subnetted, 1 subnets


O IA    156.26.32.0 [110/65] via 10.1.1.2, 00:04:57, Serial0/1

10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C       10.1.1.8 is directly connected, Serial0/0

C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1

Configuration Example 2: Summarizing OSPF Routes from Area 0 into a Non-zero OSPF Area

In Figure 2-9, Router B will summarize the four Area 0 routes into Area 1. This example simulates four networks on Router B using loopback interfaces. These four networks will then be summarized into Area 1 from Area 0 using the area range command. The configuration changes from the previous example are highlighted in the following listing.

Router A

interface Loopback0


ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255


!


interface Serial0/1


ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252


clockrate 64000


!


router ospf 1



network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1


_______________________________________________________________________



Router B

interface Loopback0


ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255


!


interface Loopback1


ip address 156.26.32.1 255.255.255.240


!


interface Loopback2


ip address 156.26.32.17 255.255.255.240


!


interface Loopback3


ip address 156.26.32.33 255.255.255.240


!


interface Loopback4


ip address 156.26.32.49 255.255.255.240


!


interface Serial0


ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252


!


router ospf 1



network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1




network 156.26.32.0 0.0.0.63 area 0

Before summarizing the routes, inspect the IP routing table on Router A to verify that the four networks are being advertised.

rtrA#

show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

       U - per-user static route, o - ODR



Gateway of last resort is not set



     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

     156.26.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets

O IA    156.26.32.33 [110/65] via 10.1.1.2, 00:06:29, Serial0/1


O IA    156.26.32.49 [110/65] via 10.1.1.2, 00:06:29, Serial0/1


O IA    156.26.32.1 [110/65] via 10.1.1.2, 00:06:29, Serial0/1


O IA    156.26.32.17 [110/65] via 10.1.1.2, 00:06:29, Serial0/1

10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C       10.1.1.8 is directly connected, Serial0/0

C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1

A 26-bit subnet mask is required to summarize the four loopback addresses being advertised by Router B. Modify the configuration on Router B in order to summarize the four loopback addresses.

Router B

router ospf 1



area 0 range 156.26.32.0 255.255.255.192



network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1


network 156.26.32.0 0.0.0.63 area 0

Verification

Verify that the four loopback networks have been summarized by Router B by inspecting the IP routing table on Router A.

rtrA#

show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default

       U - per-user static route, o - ODR



Gateway of last resort is not set



     1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

156.26.0.0/26 is subnetted, 1 subnets


O IA    156.26.32.0 [110/65] via 10.1.1.2, 00:04:57, Serial0/1

10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 2 subnets

C       10.1.1.8 is directly connected, Serial0/0

C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1

Configuration Example 3: Using a Static Route to Null 0 for the Summary Address

If the ABR has a default static route pointing to the router that is receiving the summary for the four loopback addresses, then this could create a forwarding loop. In Figure 2-10, the network 156.26.32.0/28 is down. Also, Router B has a default static route pointing to Router A. Router A is receiving a summary from Router B that contains the network 156.26.32.0/28.

Router A

interface Loopback0


ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255


!


interface Serial0/1


ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252


clockrate 64000


!


router ospf 1



network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1


______________________________________________________________________

Router B

interface Loopback0


ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255


!


interface Loopback1


ip address 156.26.32.1 255.255.255.240



shutdown



!


interface Loopback2


ip address 156.26.32.17 255.255.255.240


!


interface Loopback3


ip address 156.26.32.33 255.255.255.240


!


interface Loopback4


ip address 156.26.32.49 255.255.255.240


!


interface Serial0


ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252


no ip directed-broadcast


!


router ospf 1



network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 1




network 156.26.32.0 0.0.0.63 area 0



!



ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial0

When Router A sends traffic to Router B for host 156.26.32.1, Router B will not find this specific network in the IP routing table. Router B will then use the default route and send the traffic back to Router A as seen in the following ping trace.

rtrA#

trace 156.26.32.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 156.26.32.1



  1 10.1.1.2 16 msec 16 msec 16 msec

  2 10.1.1.1 28 msec 28 msec 28 msec

To prevent this situation, create a static route to Null0 for every summary that the ABR is advertising. In IOS 12.X, OSPF will automatically create the route to Null0 for the summary.

Router B

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Serial0



ip route 156.26.32.0 255.255.255.192 Null0

Even if the ABR does not have a default route, it is always a good idea to create a static route to Null0 for every summary that the ABR is advertising. If you now perform a ping trace from Router A you can see that Router B is discarding the traffic since the specific route for 156.26.32.1 is no longer in the IP routing table. Router B will look up the best match for the route, which is now Null0. The traffic will be discarded.

rtrA#

trace 156.26.32.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 156.26.32.1



  1 10.1.1.2 16 msec 16 msec 16 msec

  2 10.1.1.2 !H  !H  *

Troubleshooting

Step 1. Verify that there is a neighbor relationship between the OSPF routers by using the show ip ospf neighbor command.

Step 2. The area area-id range command will only work on an OSPF ABR.

Step 3. Verify that you are using the proper area ID in the area area-id range command.

Step 4. Verify that you are using the correct IP address and mask with the area range command.