Chapter Summary

Network models help to simplify complexities of the network and facilitate the process of troubleshooting network problems. In this chapter you learned about the different hierarchical network models that Cisco expects you to know for the exam.

The OSI Reference model is used to maintain standards for networking products. This model spans from the Application layer, where the user inputs data, to the Physical layer, which places the bits onto the physical media for transmission.

The Internetwork Troubleshooting model helps to simplify the complexities of troubleshooting network problems, including complex situations where many possible problems exist. By using the model's seven-step process map, you can quickly narrow down the possibilities, formulate and implement a plan for resolving the problem, and document the solution in case the problem recurs or another problem was created by your solution.

The Cisco Hierarchical model organizes the network in three layers to help you in the placement of different types of equipment in the network. You should have a good understanding of the types of equipment that should be found at the Core, Distribution, and Access layers .