File Management

File management tools include those used for navigation and general file and directory manipulation. Refer to Table A.2 for these commands.

Table A.2. Filesystem Navigation Commands
COMMAND	GENERAL USAGE	DESCRIPTION
`cd`	`cd DIR`	Changes directories.
`cp`	`cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST`	Copies files or directories. Common options include `-d` Copy symbolic links `-R` Copy directories recursively
`ln`	`ln [OPTIONS] SOURCE TARGET`	Creates a link between two files. Common options include `-s` Create a symbolic, rather than hard, link
`ls`	`ls [OPTIONS] FILE`	Lists directory contents. Common options include `-a` Show all files, including hidden files starting with "." `-A` Show almost all filesomit "." and ".." `-d` List directory entries rather than contents `-l` Display a long listing of contents, including file mode, ownership, and timestamp `-R` Perform a recursive listing
`pwd`	`pwd`	Prints the path of the current working directory.
`mkdir`	`mkdir [OPTIONS] DIR`	Creates the specified directory. Common options include `-p` Create parent directories if necessary
`mv`	`mv SOURCE DEST`	Moves files or directories from one location to another. Also used to rename individual files or directories.
`rename`	`rename FROM TO FILES`	Renames multiple files or directories. Example: rename .htm .html *.htm
`rm`	`rm [OPTIONS] FILE`	Removes (deletes) files or directories. Common options include `-i` Prompt before deletion `-r` Delete contents of a directory recursively
`rmdir`	`rmdir DIR`	Removes empty directories.
`touch`	`touch FILE`	Creates an empty file.