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Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.
Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition

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V

V-beam laser, for burn reconstruction

1598

V/Q scans See Ventilation/perfusion scans

V_T (tidal volume)

221

223

V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist, for hyponatremia

870

v wave

314

VA See Visual acuity

vacA gene, in Helicobacter pylori gastritis

584

Vaccine bacillus Calmette-Gu rin (BCG)

263

tuberculin skin test affected by

258

259

263

Vaccine-derived poliomyelitis

1367

Vaccine-preventable viral infections

1362–1369

See also specific type

Vaccines See specific type and Immunization

Vaccinia

110–111

1388

in atopic dermatitis patients

96

111

1388

smallpox vaccination and

111

1312

1313

1388

Vaccinia gangrenosum

111

Vaccinia immune globulin

111

1313

P.1879

Vaccinia necrosum

1313

Vacuum constriction device, for erectile dysfunction

951–952

1224–1225

VAD regimen, for myeloma

516

Vagal nerve stimulation

for depression

1074

for seizures

985

Vagifem See Estradiol vaginal tablets

Vaginal atrophy See Atrophic vaginitis

Vaginal bleeding See also Dysfunctional uterine bleeding; Menstruation

abnormal premenopausal

728–730

cervical polyps causing

728

733

in polycystic ovary syndrome

746

in cervical cancer

737

in ectopic pregnancy

780

in endometrial carcinoma

738

leiomyomas causing

737

738

postmenopausal

730

during pregnancy

gestational trophoblastic disease and

773–774

third-trimester

774–775

Vaginal cancer

DES exposure and

733

Pap smear in screening for

16

Vaginal delivery See also Labor and delivery

for cardiac patient

417

Vaginal dryness See Atrophic vaginitis

Vaginal estrogen

1186–1187

Vaginal hernias (genital prolapse)

741

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, DES exposure and

733

Vaginal pessary See Pessary

Vaginal ring

for atrophic vaginitis

748

761

1186–1187

contraceptive

754

Vaginal ultrasound See Ultrasonography

Vaginal warts

732

733

Vaginismus

747

747–748

1053

1054

Vaginitis/vulvovaginitis

731–733

747

atrophic See Atrophic vaginitis

candidal

121

732

1536

in diabetes

1198

1198

1226

in HIV infection/AIDS

1329

1336

1347

gonococcal

1432

painful intercourse caused by

747

Trichomonas vaginalis causing

732

Vaginosis, bacterial

732

rape/sexual assault in transmission of

1297

Valacyclovir

1353

1587

cost of

1563

for herpes simplex infections

109

1336

1351–1353

1353

1587

for herpes zoster

110

1336

1353

1587

prophylactic/suppressive

109

1587

for varicella

1353

1357

Valdecoxib

587

withdrawal of from market

74

Valganciclovir, for cytomegalovirus infection treatment/prophylaxis

168

1290

1335

1353

1361

1588

Valium See Diazepam

Valproic acid/valproate

984

985

for bipolar disease/mania

1077

lithium interactions and

1077

monitoring concentrations of

1077

1735

overdose/toxicity of

1615

1619

hemodialysis for

1613

1619

for seizures

983

984

985

Valsalva maneuver

heart murmurs affected by

329

for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

373

Valsartan

for cardiac failure

392

for hypertension

433

435

with hydrochlorothiazide

435

for myocardial infarction

360

Valtrex See Valacyclovir

Valve replacement

anticoagulation after

338–339

endocarditis and

1419

pregnancy and

339

for aortic regurgitation

335–336

for aortic stenosis

333–334

choice and management of prosthetic valves for

338–339

for endocarditis

338

1419

endocarditis after

1408

1415

in Marfan's syndrome

1708

for mitral stenosis

330

percutaneous approaches to

338

for pulmonary stenosis

319

for tricuspid regurgitation

337

for tricuspid stenosis

336

Valves

cardiac See Prosthetic heart valves; Valve replacement; Valvular heart disease

venous, incompetence of

chronic venous insufficiency and

473

varicose veins and

468–469

Valvular heart disease

325–339

326–328

See also specific type

cardiac failure and

387

endocarditis and

1415

fenfluramine/dexfenfluramine causing

1269

in Marfan's syndrome

414

1707

1708

pregnancy and

416

778

preoperative evaluation/management of patient with

40

Q fever endocarditis and

1397

1398

rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease and

325

336

405

406

Valvular papillary fibroelastoma

413

Valvular rupture, traumatic

414

Valvuloplasty

338

for aortic stenosis

334

for mitral stenosis

329

during pregnancy

330

416

for pulmonary stenosis

319

Vanceril See Beclomethasone

Vancocin See Vancomycin

Vancomycin

1578

for anthrax prophylaxis/treatment

1412

for antibiotic-associated colitis

620

1578

cost of

1561

1563

for endocarditis prophylaxis

1417

1418

1418

1419

1578

monitoring concentrations of

1735

red man syndrome caused by

795

1578

resistance to

1407

1578

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1559

1578

Vanillylmandelic acid, urinary

laboratory reference range for

1743

in pheochromocytoma

1175

Vantin See Cefpodoxime proxetil

Vaqta See Hepatitis A vaccine

Vardenafil

952

1054

1224

Variant (Prinzmetal's) angina

347

Varicella (chickenpox)

1354–1358

1355

immunization against

1305–1306

1307–1309

1311–1312

1357

during pregnancy

780–781

1356

reactivation of

1354

See also Herpes zoster

Varicella-zoster immune globulin

1357

for newborn

781

1356

during pregnancy

781

Varicella-zoster virus

1354

See also Herpes zoster; Varicella

Bell's palsy caused by

1356

infection with during pregnancy

780–781

1356

reactivation of

1354

See also Herpes zoster

Varicella-zoster virus vaccine

1305–1306

1307–1309

1311–1312

1357

HIV infection/AIDS and

1308

1357

pregnancy and

1308

1312

1357

Varicocele

933

in infertility

749

953

954

Varicose veins (varicosities/varices)

468–470

esophageal See Esophageal varices

gastrointestinal bleeding from

551–552

noncirrhotic portal hypertension causing

680

leg ulcers and

141

469

venous insufficiency/stasis and

469

473

Variegate porphyria

1024–1025

Variola (smallpox)

110–111

1356

1388

bioterrorism and

111

1312

1388

Variola (smallpox) vaccination

4–5

111

1312–1313

1388

atopic dermatitis/eczema and

96

111

1313

1388

Varus ankle sprains

826

Vas deferens, obstruction of, in infertility

954

Vasa previa, third trimester bleeding caused by

774

Vascular access See also Arterial lines; Intravenous lines

in burn care

1596–1597

Vascular (multi-infarct) dementia

1092

hypertension and

425

Vascular disorders (vascular occlusion/anomalies)

446–475

See also specific type or vessel affected and Vasculitis

arterial aneurysms

446–452

arteriopathies

462–464

atherosclerotic

453–462

homocysteine/hyperhomocysteinemia and

10–11

341

1706–1707

in diabetes mellitus

1225

aspirin in prevention of

1205

1225

foot ulcers/gangrene and

1223

1225

glycemic control and

1202

1203

1203–1205

1225

gastrointestinal bleeding and

552

554–555

headache and

32

978

hepatic vein (Budd-Chiari syndrome)

678–680

hypotension/shock and

477–480

478

impotence/erectile dysfunction and

453

454

951

952

1101

during pregnancy

417

seizures caused by

980

in sickle cell syndromes

493

of spinal cord

999

vasomotor

464–468

venous

468–475

vertigo caused by

194

Vascular ectasias (angiodysplasias), gastrointestinal bleeding in

552

554–555

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in tumor angiogenesis, cancer treatment and

1667

1699

Vascular loops, vertigo caused by

194

Vascular reconstruction See Bypass grafting

P.1880

Vascular surgery, antibiotic prophylaxis for

47

Vasculitis

464

844–851

844

845

See also specific disorder

allergic, drugs causing

147

793

brain and spinal cord involvement and (primary angiitis of central nervous system)

851

cancer-related

863

pulmonary

292–293

retinal

162

See also Uveitis

in rheumatoid arthritis

828

in systemic lupus erythematosus

835

urticarial

121

Vasectomy

758

Vasoactive drug therapy

in erectile dysfunction

952

1224

diagnosis and

951

for shock

479–480

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), tumors secreting

1178

1191

1692

Vasodilator therapy

for aortic regurgitation

335

for cardiac failure

393–394

infarct-associated

363

for dementia

1093

for hypertension

437

438

for pulmonary hypertension

292

for Raynaud's disease/phenomenon

465

Vasomotor disorders

464–468

in menopause

761

761–762

1185

syncope (vasovagal/neurocardiogenic syncope)

313

384

Vaso-occlusive episodes, in sickle cell syndromes

493

494

Vasopressin See also Desmopressin

in cardiac failure

386

in gastrointestinal bleeding

554

556

for shock

479–480

Vasopressin challenge test, in diabetes insipidus

1109

Vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, for hyponatremia

870

Vasopressinase, diabetes insipidus caused by

1108

Vasospasm See also Vasomotor disorders

in acrocyanosis

466

coronary

347

intracranial aneurysm and

996

in livedo reticularis

466

in Raynaud's disease/phenomenon

464

465

Vasotec See Enalapril; Enalaprilat

Vasovagal (vasomotor/neurocardiogenic) syncope

313

384

VATS See Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

VC (vital capacity)

223

forced (FVC)

223

in asthma

227

in COPD

238

ratio of to forced expiratory volume in one second

222

223

in asthma

227

in COPD

238

vCJD See New variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

VDRL test

1444–1445

1444

in anorectal infection

645

antiphospholipid antibody/lupus anticoagulant affecting

532

on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-VDRL)

1446

in HIV infection/AIDS

1332

in HIV infection/AIDS

1332

1452

in newborn

1453

for rape victim

759

Vegetarians/vegans, dietary vitamin B₁₂ deficiency in

487

Vegetative state, persistent

1019

VEGF See Vascular endothelial growth factor

Veins

deep, thrombophlebitis involving

470–472

See also Deep venous thrombosis

disorders of

468–475

See also under Venous and Veno-occlusive disease

superficial, thrombophlebitis involving

472–473

varicose See Varicose veins

Velcade See Bortezomib

Velosulin See also Insulin therapy

Vena cava filters/interruption, for pulmonary embolism

289

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test See VDRL test

Venereal (genital) warts

127

128

anorectal involvement and

128

645–646

imiquimod for removal of

128

646

podophyllum resin for removal of

128

646

733

vaginal/vulvar

732

733

Venereal infections See Sexually transmitted diseases

Venezuelan equine encephalitis

1371–1373

Venlafaxine

1070

1072

for anxiety

1046

for depression

1070

1072

overdose/toxicity of, seizures/serotonin syndrome caused by

1637

withdrawal from

1070

Venography

in deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism

283

471

renal

900

Venom immunotherapy

792

Venomous snake bites

1611

1635–1636

Venomous stings

136

1636

anaphylaxis caused by

791

immunotherapy for

792

Veno-occlusive disease

hepatic (Budd-Chiari syndrome)

678–680

pulmonary

290–291

Venous access, in burn care

1596

Venous blood gases, in acid-base disorders

885

Venous catheterization, nosocomial infection and

1292

Venous insufficiency/stasis

473–475

deep venous thrombosis/thrombophlebitis and

24–26

25

281

470

471

473

pulmonary embolism and

280–281

283

leg ulcers and

141–142

474

lower extremity edema and

24–26

25

473

varicose veins and

469

473

Venous pressure

central See Central venous pressure

elevated

chronic venous insufficiency and

473

in constrictive pericarditis

409

Venous pulsations, in heart disease

314

Venous sinus thrombosis

in cancer

1005

in pseudotumor cerebri

1005

Venous stasis See Venous insufficiency/stasis

Venous thrombosis

in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

837–838

in burn injury

1598

cancer-associated

531

of deep veins

470–472

See also Deep venous thrombosis

detection of

281–284

282

285

in essential thrombocytosis

502

estrogen replacement therapy and

1188

in homocystinuria

1706

intracranial

998

See also Stroke

oral contraceptive use and

470

752–753

prevention of

284

286

287

471–472

pulmonary embolism and

280–281

283

of superficial veins

472–473

treatment of

284–289

288

in Wegener's granulomatosis

848

Venous valves, incompetence of

chronic venous insufficiency and

473

varicose veins and

468–469

Ventilation

disorders of control of

304–306

See also Hyperventilation; Hypoventilation

mechanical See Mechanical ventilation

Ventilation/perfusion scans

in COPD

239

in pulmonary embolism

282–283

in pulmonary heart disease

412

in pulmonary hypertension

291

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

253

254

308

Ventolin See Albuterol

Ventricular aneurysm, myocardial infarction and

364

Ventricular arrhythmias

379–382

See also Ventricular fibrillation

atrial fibrillation and

375

in cardiac failure

395

in cardiomyopathy

403

differentiation of from aberrantly conducted supraventricular beats

372

in myocardial infarction

356

362

prevention of

361

premature beats (extrasystoles)

379

in myocardial infarction

361

tachycardia

379–380

driving recommendations and

385

in myocardial infarction

362

in poisoning/drug overdose

1609

syncope caused by

313

Ventricular assist devices, for heart failure

396

Ventricular cysts, in cysticercosis

1511

1512

Ventricular dysfunction/failure See Congestive heart (cardiac) failure; Left heart failure

Ventricular fibrillation

380–381

electric shock causing

1599

in myocardial infarction

356

362

prevention of

361

sudden death caused by

356

380–381

Ventricular gallop See Heart sounds; Third heart sound

Ventricular reduction surgery, for heart failure

396

Ventricular septal defect

322–323

Verapamil See also Calcium channel blocking drugs

for arrhythmias

370

atrial fibrillation

376

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

373

for hypertension

435

436

for migraine prophylaxis

976

overdose/toxicity of

1621

Verbal utterance See also Speech

in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1057

Verbigeration, in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1057

Verelan See Verapamil

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

157

Verner-Morrison syndrome

1178

1191

Verrucae See Warts

Versed See Midazolam

P.1881

Vertebral artery occlusion, stroke caused by

993

Vertebral fracture

back pain caused by

817

falls in elderly and

61

in Paget's disease

1162

Vertebral osteomyelitis

back pain and

817

epidural abscess and

859

1406

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency/obstruction

stroke caused by

991–993

992

transient ischemic attacks caused by

456

989

vertigo caused by

194

Vertical diplopia

152

Vertigo

190–193

in audiovestibular disorders

190

193

193

central lesions causing

190

192

cervical

191–192

episodic

190

in Meniere's syndrome

190

recurrent vestibulopathy

190

in labyrinthitis

191

migrainous

192

in multiple sclerosis

194

in perilymphatic fistula

191

peripheral lesions causing

190

191–192

positioning

191

traumatic

191

vascular compromise causing

194

in vestibular neuronitis

191

vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neurinoma) causing

193

193

Very-low-calorie diets

1268–1269

Very-low-density lipoproteins

1240

in atherosclerosis and heart disease

1241

1241–1242

lowering levels of See Lipid-lowering therapy

Vesical pain

931

Vesicoureteral reflux, tubulointerstitial disease caused by

926

927

Vesicular dermatoses

92

108–113

See also specific type

Vesicular lung sounds

221

Vesiculobullous hand eczema/vesiculobullous dermatitis of palms and soles (pompholyx/dyshidrosis/dyshidrotic eczema)

111–112

Vestibular disorders

193–194

193

immobility in elderly and

60

nausea and vomiting caused by

81

539

neuronitis

191

schwannoma (acoustic neuroma)

193–194

vertigo in

190

193

Vestibulitis

nasal

197

vulvar

747

748

Vestibulopathy, recurrent

191

Veterans Administration Cooperative Study

1203

Vexol See Rimexolone

VFend See Voriconazole

VHL gene, testing for, in pheochromocytoma

1175

Viagra See Sildenafil

Vibrio

1428

1553

alginolyticus

1428

cholerae

1299

1300

1302

1427

1428

See also Cholera

immunization against

1313

1428

diarrhea/food poisoning caused by

546

1299

1300

1302

1428

parahaemolyticus

1299

1302

1428

vulnificus

1428

Vicodin See Hydrocodone

Vidarabine

1353

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), for solitary pulmonary nodule

266

Videoesophagography

564

Videx See Didanosine

Vigabatrin, adverse ocular effects of

178

VIN See Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

Vinblastine

1674

Vincent's infection

204

Vincristine

1674

neuropathy caused by

1683–1684

Raynaud's disease/phenomenon caused by

465

Vinorelbine

1665

1674

neuropathy caused by

1683–1684

Vioform See Iodoquinol

Violence

1081–1082

See also Aggression; Rape

domestic

1081

1082

elder abuse and

17

51

54

54

1094

prevention of

16–17

prevention of

16–17

Vioxx See Rofecoxib

VIP See Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

VIPomas

1178

1191

1692

Vira-A See Vidarabine

Viracept See Nelfinavir

Viral infections

1349–1391

See also specific type

adenovirus

1386–1387

arthritis and

858

cancer etiology and

1644

clinical diagnosis of

1349

drug therapy for

1350

1352–1353

1586–1588

exanthematous

1355–1356

1387–1389

gastroenteritis

545

1299

1389

herpesviruses

1350–1362

laboratory diagnosis of

1349–1350

neurotropic

1369–1376

pericarditis

407

respiratory

1381–1386

rhinitis (common cold)

194–195

1387

cough in

219

echinacea for

1712

1716

over-the-counter remedies for, in elderly

65–66

transfusion-related transmission of

534

vaccine-preventable

1362–1369

Viral load tests (HIV)

1330

1330

antiretroviral therapy initiation/monitoring and

1336

1339

laboratory reference range for

1739

Viramune See Nevirapine

Virchow's node

597

Virchow's triad

281

470

Viread See Tenofovir

Viridans streptococci

1402

1552

endocarditis caused by

1402

1415

1417–1418

Virilization

1170–1172

in persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome)

746

747

1170

1171

Viroptic See Trifluridine

Virtual colonoscopy

in adenomatous polyp identification

634

in colorectal cancer screening

16

643

1656

Viruses See also Viral infections

in cancer etiology

1644

laboratory identification of

1349–1350

Visceral aneurysms

450–451

Visceral artery insufficiency

459–460

Visceral hypersensitivity (heightened visceral nociception)

chest pain and

581

irritable bowel syndrome and

615

Visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis)

1534–1535

Visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar)

1480

1482–1484

dermal leishmaniasis after

1483

Viscerotropic disease, yellow fever vaccine-associated

1315

Viscocanalostomy, for glaucoma

161

Vision

blurred

150

See also Visual impairment/loss

double See Diplopia

Visken See Pindolol

Vistaril See Hydroxyzine

Visual acuity

assessment of

151

in optic neuritis

169

reduced See Visual impairment/loss

in retinal artery occlusion

166

in retinal vein occlusion

165

visual impairment/blindness and

150–151

in vitreous hemorrhage

164

Visual field defects/loss

150

See also Visual impairment/loss

in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

169

assessment of

152

in glaucoma

160

in headache

32

975

intracranial mass lesions causing

1001

in optic neuritis

169

in papilledema

169

in retinal artery occlusion

166

in stroke

991

993

Visual field testing

152

Visual impairment/loss

150–151

See also Visual field defects/loss

in age-related macular degeneration

164

165

in amaurosis fugax

166

in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

169

in botulism

1410

cataract causing

163

confusion/dementia and

57

in diabetes

167

1198

1198

1221

in elderly, screening for

51

52

episodic (amaurosis fugax)

166

in giant cell arteritis

846

in glaucoma

159

160

161

in headache

32

975

onchocerciasis causing

1527

1528

ophthalmologic referral for

153

in optic neuritis

169

in papilledema

169

in pseudotumor cerebri

1005

refractive errors causing

153–154

in retinal artery occlusion

166

in retinal detachment

163

in retinal vein occlusion

165

stroke causing

991

993

in toxoplasmosis

1499

in uveitis

162

in vitreous hemorrhage

164

Vital capacity (VC)

223

forced (FVC)

223

in asthma

227

in COPD

238

ratio of to forced expiratory volume in one second

222

223

in asthma

227

in COPD

238

Vital signs, in heart disease

314

Vitamin A (retinol)

1276

See also Beta-carotene

adverse ocular effects of

179

in cancer prevention

1276

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

Vitamin B₁ (thiamin)

1272–1273

for alcohol withdrawal

1086

for coma

1017

1608

P.1882

deficiency of

1272–1273

alcohol dependency/abuse and

1084

1103

1272

alcoholic ketoacidosis and

888

amnestic syndrome and

1092

mental status changes caused by

1103

neuropathy associated with

1025

1273

Wernicke's encephalopathy/Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome caused by

1017

1084

1092

1103

1273

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

vitamin B₂ (riboflavin)

1273

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

mental changes associated with deficiency of

1103

Vitamin B₃ (niacin)

1273–1274

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

for lipid modification/heart disease prevention

1249

1251

1273–1274

mental changes associated deficiency of

1103

1274

Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)

1274–1275

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

for gyromitrin mushroom poisoning

1630

for homocystinuria

1706

hyperhomocysteinemia associated with deficiency of

1707

for isoniazid overdose/toxicity

1274

1611

1626

mental changes associated with deficiency of

1103

Vitamin B₁₂ (cobalamin)

487

1275

deficiency of

487–488

487

in bacterial overgrowth

487

605

fish tapeworm infection and

487

1509

in hyperhomocysteinemia

1707

mental changes and

1103

neuropathy associated with

487

1025

pernicious anemia and

487

585

short bowel syndrome/ileal resection and

487

605

606

subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord caused by

1016

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

malabsorption of, in pancreatitis

698

proton pump inhibitors affecting

588

serum levels of

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

1743

in overt vitamin B₁₂ deficiency state

488

in polycythemia

501

supplemental

488

for subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord

1017

Vitamin B₁₂ absorption test (Schilling test)

in bacterial overgrowth

605

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

1743

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

1275–1276

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

Vitamin D

1158–1159

1276

adverse ocular effects of

179

deficiency of/resistance to

bone pain and

1102

in hypocalcemia

877

878

in osteomalacia

1158

1159

1160–1161

in osteoporosis

1155

dietary/supplementary

bisphosphonate therapy and

1157

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

hypercalcemia caused by

880

1152

for hyperparathyroidism

1154

for hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism/tetany

878

1148

1149

1149

for osteomalacia

1157

1160

for osteoporosis prevention/management

761

1157

hypercalciuria and

944

945

in hypophosphatemia

881

laboratory reference range for

1743

in phosphate metabolism

880

Vitamin D-dependent rickets

1159

Vitamin D-resistant (hypophosphatemic) rickets

874

1159

vitamin D₂ (ergocalciferol/ergosterol)

1158

See also Vitamin D

for hypoparathyroidism/tetany

1149

1149

for osteomalacia

1160–1161

vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol)

1158

Vitamin E

1277

in cancer prevention

1277

1650–1651

deficiency of

1016

1277

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

toxicity of

1277

Vitamin K

529

for anticoagulant overdose

1619

in coagulation

529

deficiency and

529–530

liver disease and

528–529

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

for esophageal varices

575

for hypoprothrombinemia, in cirrhosis

673

in pregnancy, for seizure disorders

780

Vitamins

1258

1272–1277

See also specific vitamin

adverse ocular effects of

179

deficiency of

1272

in alcoholic liver disease/cirrhosis

664

669

670

1103

mental status changes caused by

1103

disorders of metabolism of

1272–1277

excess/toxicity of

1272

fat-soluble

1258

digestion of

601

prenatal

766–767

requirements for

1258

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

in nutritional support

1282

water-soluble

1258

Vitiligo

143

143–144

1100

in Addison's disease

1165

tinea versicolor differentiated from

104

Vitrasert See Ganciclovir

Vitreous hemorrhage

164

Vitreous opacities, floaters caused by

151

Vittaforma corneae

1477

Vivactil See Protriptyline

Vivelle See Estradiol transdermal systems

Vivelle-Dot See Estradiol transdermal systems

VLDL See Very-low-density lipoproteins

VlsE, B burgdorferi, Lyme disease diagnosis and

1459

VMA See Vanillylmandelic acid

VO₂ (maximal oxygen uptake), lung cancer surgery and

270

Vocal cord dysfunction syndrome

225

Vocal cords

cancer of

211–212

212

nodules of

210

laryngitis and

210

paralysis of

213

thyroid surgery and

213

1125

1140

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome

162

Voice, abnormal, evaluation of

209

Voiding

dysfunctional, in prostatodynia

942

increased See Polyuria

irritative symptoms associated with

932

See also Irritative voiding symptoms

obstructive symptoms associated with

932

See also Obstructive voiding symptoms

painful (dysuria)

33–34

932

Voltaren See Diclofenac

Volume depletion See also Dehydration

saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis and

891

Volume reduction surgery, for COPD

242–243

Volume replacement See also Fluid management/hydration

for shock

479

Volume status, hyperosmolality and

872

Volutrauma, mechanical ventilation and

308

Vomiting

520

539

See also Nausea and vomiting

in cholecystitis

686

in gastric outlet obstruction

538

539

594

induced

in bulimia nervosa

1271

1272

for poisoning/drug overdose

1611

Mallory-Weiss syndrome and

538

572

of pregnancy

538

767

Vomiting center

538

von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

pheochromocytoma in

1174

1175

renal cell carcinoma in

969

Von Willebrand disease

523–525

525

Von Willebrand factor

523

524

in Bernard-Soulier syndrome

523

525

von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (ADAMTS13) deficiency

in hemolytic-uremic syndrome

522

in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

521

Voriconazole

1549

1550

1585

for candidiasis

1537

for coccidioidomycosis

1540

cost of

1561

1563

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1559

Voyeurism

1052

1053

VPBs See Ventricular arrhythmias, premature beats

VSD See Ventricular septal defect

V_T (tidal volume)

221

223

Vulvar carcinoma

739–740

Vulvar dystrophy

739

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

739

Vulvar vestibulitis

747

748

Vulvar warts

732

733

Vulvectomy

739

Vulvodynia

747

748

Vulvovaginal candidiasis

121

732

1536

in diabetes mellitus

1198

1198

1226

in HIV infection/AIDS

1329

1336

1347

Vulvovaginitis See Vaginitis

vWF See Von Willebrand factor

VZIG See Varicella zoster immune globulin

VZV See Varicella-zoster virus