- Eckardt, Tibor, Hungarian leader
- 2029, 2030.
- École Française d'Extrême-Orient, Vietnam
- 1475.
- ecology
- 19, 1556.
- ECOMOG, Nigerian troops
- 4384.
- Economic and Monetary Union, EMU
- 2753, 2754, 2756, 2884, 2909, 2920, 2950.
- Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS
- 4351.
- Economic Cooperation Administration, E.C.A.
- 2710, 3392.
- Economic Opportunity Act, U.S.
- 3410.
- Economic Recovery Tax Act, U.S.
- 3390.
- economy
- 1814, 1819, 1839, 2191, 2206, 2456; Mesopotamia, 83; ancient Egypt, 90; East Africa, 97; Syria-Palestine, 101; Phoenicia, 108; Asia Minor, 112; ancient Armenia, 117; ancient Iran, 121; Arabia, 126; the Eastern Zhou dynasty, 140; ancient Greece, 173, 176, 186; the Hellenistic Age, 208; ancient Rome, 223; the Roman Republic, 229; the Roman Empire, 239, 246, 260, 260; the Sassanians, 271; Western Europe, 443, 511, 511; England, 444, 446, 513, 513; France, 453, 521, 521, 714, 1000, 1002, 1005, 1009, 1021, 1021, 1059, 1061, 1081; Sicily, 458; Bohemia, 484; Hungary, 560, 1087; 15001800, 579, 579, 579, 579, 579, 581; Islamic societies, 579; China 15001800, 579, 851; Africa 15001800, 579; Europe and its colonies 15001800, 584; 17th and 18th centuries, 584, 645, 646; England 1600s1700s, 589, 668, 680, 682, 682, 687; Netherlands, 596; France, 1600s1700s, 600, 707, 713, 717; after Thirty Years' War, 644, 644, 644; Ireland 1700s, 701; Spain 1600s1700s, 718, 719, 724; Portugal 1600s1700s, 727, 728, 730; Italy 1600s1700s, 735; Lombardy 1700s, 742; Switzerland 1600s1700, 748, 749; Holy Roman Empire, 752, 758, 761, 761, 762, 763; Finland 1600s1700s, 766; Denmark 1600s1700s, 768; Denmark and Norway 1700s, 772; Iceland, 774; Poland 1600s1700s, 776; Russia 1600s1700s, 783, 783; Middle East 15001800, 791; Ottoman Empire, 805, 1341, 1341, 1344, 1346; India 15001800, 830, 831; Southeast Asia 15001800, 837, 840, 845; Korea 15001800, 855; Japan 15001800, 859; Vietnam 15001800, 863; Philippines 15001800, 867, 868; Africa, 870, 871, 1506, 1506, 1506, 1506, 1506, 1528, 1553, 1553; Americas, 911, 911, 911, 918; U.S., 952, 1563, 1563, 1565, 1576, 1583, 1595, 1599, 1602, 1606, 1609, 1620, 2187, 2191, 2191, 2206; 18001914, 958, 959, 959, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 961, 999, 1034, 1034, 1034, 1034, 1035, 1035, 1046, 1046, 1046, 1081, 1142, 1142, 1142, 1146; Europe, 1021, 1072; Great Britain, 1021, 1155, 1161, 1162; Low Countries, 1053, 1053, 1057, 1057, 1057, 1057; Spain, 1062, 1062, 1199; Portugal, 1064; Italy, 1066; Switzerland, 1070, 1070, 1226; Central Europe, 1071, 1073, 1073; Germany, 1072, 1096, 1231, 1235; Scandinavia, 1075, 1075, 1247, 1250; Denmark, 1077; Ireland, 1164; Belgium, 1172; Austria, 1238, 1242; Russia, 1256, 1261, 1261; Balkan Peninsula, 1271; Greece, 1272, 1279, 1279; Bulgaria, 1298, 1304, 1305; Romany, 1311; Romania, 1311; Middle East and Africa, 1327, 1327, 1327, 1337; Lebanon, 1335; Iran, 1351; Afghanistan, 1354, 1355; Egypt, 1366, 1372, 1372, 1372, 1372, 1372, 1373; Morocco, 1375, 1376, 1376, 1377; Tunisia, 1385, 1386, 1389, 1390, 1390; Libya, 1392, 1392, 1393; India, 1395, 1395, 1397, 1397; industry, 1397; Southeast Asia, 1402; China, 1415, 1421; Korea, 1431; Japan, 1437, 1437, 1450, 1454, 1459; Vietnam, 1475; Pacific Islands, 1476; Philippines, 1480, 1481; Australia, 1487, 1489, 1497; New Zealand, 1500, 1502, 1503; Canada, 1622, 1629; Latin America, 1657, 1665, 1667, 1677; Mexico, 1687; Puerto Rico, 1694; international, 1700, 1700; war loans, 1700; nationalism, 1700; international institutions after WWII, 1700; nongovernmental associations, 1700; nongovernmental economic associations, 1700; between Wars, 1702, 1814, 1814, 1814, 1817, 1822, 1829, 1829, 1839; WWI, 1814, 1814, 1839; WWII, 1814; Communism, 1815; Fascism, 1815; theories, 1815, 1815; North Africa, 2317; Middle East, 2317.
- Ecuador
- 570, 570, 1671, 1738, 2259, 2263, 2264, 2264, 2264, 2265, 2601, 2694, 2695, 2698, 3473, 3477, 3477, 3479, 3552, 3562, 3562, 3564, 3567, 3568, 3571, 3572, 3572, 3572, 3573, 3574, 3579, 3589; republic of, 1671; WWI, 2264; WWII, 2266; and Russia, 3568; and U.S., 3568.
- ecumene, urban network
- 69, 74, 75, 80.
- Ecumenical Council
- 2955, 2955, 2955, 2956, 2957, 2957, 2960; 21st (Vatican II), 2659.
- ecumenical movement
- 1701.
- Eddé, Emile, Lebanese leader
- 2381, 2382.
- Eddington, Arthur S., British astronomer
- 1729, 1729.
- Ede
- 875.
- Eden, Anthony
- 1852, 2758, 2764, 2766, 2768, 2770, 3207, 3398.
- Edessa
- 272, 274, 302, 302, 318, 318, 437, 505, 505, 505.
- Edgar I, king of England
- 422, 422, 447.
- Edgehill, battle of
- 592.
- Edict of 1816, Prussia
- 756.
- Edict of Augsburg
- 615.
- Edict of Boulogne
- 599.
- Edict of Caracalla
- 255.
- Edict of Limitation against all Protestants, Poland
- 780.
- Edict of Milan
- 262, 268.
- Edict of Nantes
- 599, 711, 713.
- Edict of Restitution, Thirty Years' War
- 619, 621.
- Edict of Tolerance, Holy Roman Empire
- 759.
- Edict of Worms
- 613, 614.
- Edict on Prices
- 261, 261.
- Edinburgh
- 588, 591, 668, 669, 1701, 2760.
- Edinburgh Castle
- 591.
- Edirne
- 312, 796, 798, 1332, 1350, 2321. See Adrianople.
- Edison, Thomas Alva, inventor
- 981, 990, 990, 990, 990, 1609, 1707, 1736.
- Edmund of Lancaster, son of Henry III of England
- 445, 459.
- Edo, later Tokyo
- 351, 858, 859, 859, 859, 860, 860, 861, 861, 862, 862, 1437, 1437, 1438, 1438, 1438, 1438, 1439, 1439, 1440, 1442, 1442, 1444, 1446, 1447, 1447.
- Edom
- 105.
- Edrisi, geographer
- 471.
- education
- 1042, 2268, 2745, 2873; Islam, 317, 318; Africa, 357, 1506, 1506, 1513, 1515, 1515, 1516, 1536, 1546, 1561, 2554, 2559, 2563, 2566, 2567, 2569, 4320, 4320; China, 368, 370, 373, 2466, 2478, 4159; Korea, 379, 382, 856, 1436, 2488; Vietnam, 398, 398, 399; postclassical Europe, 408; liberal arts, 408; Carolingians, 411, 411; England, 422, 513, 594; Byzantium, 438; Reformation, 615; 14501700, 637; 1600s1700s, 646; France, 715, 1006, 1007, 1008, 1020, 1061, 1061, 1084, 1084, 1193, 1193, 1196, 2873; Spain, 725; Portugal, 729, 1065, 2920; Sweden, 761; Denmark, 771, 1077, 1077, 1253; Russia, 783, 788, 1256, 1261, 1261, 2068, 2068; Middle East, 791, 2317, 2372; Japan, 859, 1438, 1449, 1450, 1455, 2520, 4241; Americas, 912, 918; 18001914, 1035, 1037, 1038, 1147; Great Britain, 1048, 1159, 1163, 1163; Low Countries, 1053, 1053; Belgium, 1056, 1171, 1171, 1171, 1172, 1173, 2821; Switzerland, 1070, 1226, 1227; Hungary, 1074, 1246, 2027; Scandinavia, 1075, 1076; Ireland, 1167, 1170; Netherlands, 1174, 1174, 1174; Italy, 1219; Roman Catholic Church, 1219; Germany, 1237, 2997; Austria, 1239; Poland, 1269; Serbia, 1285; Montenegro, 1296; Bulgaria, 1298; Romania, 1314; Middle East and North Africa, 1336, 3768; Ottoman Empire, 1338, 1339, 1347; Palestine, 1346; Iran, 1350, 2339, 3817; Afghanistan, 1355, 1356; Egypt, 1366, 1370, 1370, 1372, 1374, 2356, 2356, 3903, 3908, 3909, 3910; Morocco, 1376; Algeria, 1381, 1383, 1384; Tunisia, 1390, 1391, 3943; Libya, 1392; India, 1394, 1395, 1396, 3950; Southeast Asia, 1414; Philippines, 1480; Australia, 1491, 1494, 1494; New Zealand, 1503; U.S., 1576, 1587, 1615, 3412, 3417, 3420, 3441; British reform, 1839; Mexico, 2294; North Africa, 2317; Turkey, 2323, 3790, 3790; Iraq, 2400, 3880; Arabic, 2423; postwar Europe, 2700; Luxembourg, 2836; Albania, 3203; Nicaragua, 3678; Costa Rica, 3688; Cuba, 3717, 3718, 3721; Palestinians, 3770; Saudi Arabia, 3889; South Yemen, 3892; North Yemen, 3893; Oman, 3897; Mauritania, 4364; East Africa, 4408; South Africa, 4470, 4478. See social reforms.
- Education Act, England
- 1159, 1163.
- Eduskunta
- 3079.
- EDVAC, computer
- 2641.
- Edward, son of Henry VI of England
- 515.
- Edward I, Longshanks
- 445, 445, 445, 446, 446, 446, 446, 446, 446, 446, 446, 447, 448, 452, 452, 452, 470, 507, 517, 540, 548, 589.
- Edward (Duarte) I, king of Portugal
- 529.
- Edward II, king of England
- 446, 446, 512, 512, 512, 512, 512, 517, 517.
- Edward III, king of England
- 512, 512, 512, 512, 513, 513, 513, 513, 513, 516, 517, 519, 520, 520, 520, 520, 520, 520, 521, 521, 521, 521, 534, 589.
- Edward IV, king of England
- 515, 515, 515, 515, 516, 516, 516, 519, 524.
- Edward V, king of England
- 516.
- Edward VI, king of England
- 585, 587, 587, 587.
- Edward VII, king of England
- 1155.
- Edward VIII, king of England (later Duke of Windsor)
- 1839, 1850.
- Edward the Black Prince, prince of Wales
- 513, 513, 513, 513, 513, 513, 513, 521, 521, 521, 521.
- Edward the Confessor, king of England
- 422, 422, 422, 423, 444, 444, 447, 449, 461.
- Edward the Elder, king of England
- 424.
- Edwards, Jonathan, American clergyman
- 934.
- Edwin, king of Northumbria
- 421.
- EEA
- See European Economic Area (EEA).
- Eel Revolt, Amsterdam
- 1174.
- EFTA
- See European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
- Egbert, king of England
- 422.
- Egede, Hans, Norwegian settler in Greenland
- 769.
- Eger
- 620, 620.
- Egmont, Lamoral
- 595, 595, 598.
- Egúzquiza, Juan Bautista, Latin American leader
- 1666, 1666.
- Egypt
- 1, 4, 4, 8, 35, 38, 38, 39, 41, 41, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 62, 62, 65, 65, 66, 67, 67, 70, 70, 70, 74, 80, 81, 83, 84, 86, 86, 86, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 88, 88, 89, 90, 90, 90, 90, 91, 91, 91, 91, 91, 92, 92, 92, 93, 93, 93, 93, 93, 94, 95, 95, 95, 95, 95, 95, 96, 97, 98, 98, 98, 99, 101, 103, 103, 103, 103, 104, 104, 104, 105, 105, 105, 105, 108, 108, 108, 109, 110, 113, 113, 114, 124, 124, 129, 133, 169, 169, 171, 171, 171, 179, 192, 192, 193, 198, 206, 206, 206, 208, 208, 208, 209, 211, 211, 211, 213, 214, 214, 218, 218, 218, 218, 219, 233, 239, 241, 242, 242, 242, 243, 243, 245, 246, 247, 251, 255, 255, 261, 261, 268, 275, 275, 281, 285, 287, 287, 287, 288, 291, 292, 293, 293, 294, 296, 296, 296, 297, 299, 299, 299, 302, 302, 303, 306, 317, 317, 317, 317, 317, 317, 317, 318, 318, 318, 318, 318, 319, 319, 319, 320, 320, 320, 320, 321, 321, 321, 333, 346, 346, 346, 346, 346, 353, 360, 360, 360, 360, 401, 406, 421, 427, 429, 429, 429, 429, 430, 437, 443, 451, 505, 505, 507, 507, 578, 791, 792, 792, 793, 793, 795, 798, 800, 801, 802, 806, 808, 808, 809, 809, 810, 810, 810, 810, 811, 830, 837, 839, 871, 953, 954, 956, 957, 961, 962, 962, 963, 963, 965, 1010, 1010, 1010, 1105, 1109, 1111, 1114, 1114, 1123, 1128, 1162, 1274, 1275, 1276, 1327, 1327, 1327, 1328, 1328, 1331, 1332, 1337, 1337, 1346, 1349, 1349, 1360, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1366, 1367, 1367, 1367, 1367, 1367, 1367, 1367, 1368, 1368, 1368, 1368, 1369, 1369, 1369, 1370, 1370, 1371, 1371, 1372, 1372, 1372, 1372, 1372, 1372, 1372, 1373, 1373, 1373, 1373, 1373, 1373, 1374, 1374, 1374, 1374, 1374, 1374, 1374, 1377, 1392, 1506, 1509, 1523, 1524, 1524, 1524, 1524, 1524, 1524, 1527, 1535, 1704, 1706, 1706, 1707, 1839, 2317, 2351, 2352, 2352, 2355, 2357, 2360, 2361, 2364, 2365, 2389, 2420, 2430, 2432, 2455, 2644, 2644, 2644, 2654, 2655, 2655, 2656, 2663, 2670, 2671, 2672, 2674, 2675, 2676, 2680, 2681, 2684, 2685, 2764, 2769, 2769, 3278, 3768, 3768, 3769, 3769, 3769, 3769, 3770, 3770, 3771, 3771, 3771, 3771, 3771, 3771, 3771, 3771, 3771, 3772, 3773, 3773, 3774, 3774, 3775, 3776, 3776, 3777, 3777, 3778, 3779, 3780, 3782, 3786, 3839, 3839, 3839, 3841, 3843, 3865, 3872, 3876, 3879, 3880, 3882, 3891, 3901, 3902, 3904, 3904, 3907, 3908, 3908, 3910, 3910, 3910, 3910, 3911, 3911, 3916, 3917, 3948, 3948, 4336; and Ottoman Empire, 799, 1331, 1347; occupation of Syria, 1331, 1331; and European trade, 1331; and Lebanon, 1333; and Great Britain, 1346, 1372, 1372, 2354, 2355, 2356; and Arabia, 1358, 1359, 1366; campaigns in Greece, 1367; European influence in, 1367; and Suez Canal, 1370; expansion in Africa, 1370; bankruptcy, 1372; and Sudan, 1372, 1373; WWI, 1748, 1750, 2537; between Wars, 2351, 2353, 2353, 2353, 2354, 2354, 2358, 2366, 2366, 2366, 2367, 2367; revolution, 2352, 2651, 3904, 3906, 3910; makeup, 2353, 3905; economy, 2353, 2354; independence, 2354; WWII, 2359, 2368, 2369, 2369, 2369, 2591, 2610, 2611, 2611, 2612, 2612, 2612, 2614, 2614, 2615, 2616; Suez crisis, 2637; cold war, 2637; and Israel, 3426; bureaucratic expansion, 3902; republic, 3904; and France, 3908; and Russia, 3909, 3910, 3910, 3911, 3911; United Arab Republic, 3910; Arab Republic of Egypt, 3910; economic changes in 1970s, 3911, 3911. See United Arab Republic (UAR).
- Egyptian Civil Code
- 3902.
- Egyptian General Agricultural Syndicate
- 2354.
- Egyptian Geographical Society
- 1371.
- Egyptian-Israeli relations
- 3768, 3771.
- Egyptian Market, Misir Charshi
- 803.
- Egyptian Museum
- 1369.
- Egyptian National Library, Cairo
- 1370.
- Egyptian Radio and Television Corporation
- 2359.
- Egyptian Women's Union
- 2355.
- Ehrlich, Paul, bacteriologist
- 1154.
- Ehwa Girls School
- 1436.
- Eibar
- 1925.
- Eichel, Hans, German leader
- 3026.
- Eichmann, Adolf, Nazi war criminal
- 3858.
- Eider River
- 416.
- Eiffel Tower, France
- 984.
- Eighteen Articles, Low Countries
- 1055.
- Eighth International Conference
- 1699.
- Eilat
- 3770.
- Einaudi, Luigi, Italian leader
- 2925.
- Einhard of Fulda, biographer
- 411, 411.
- Einsiedeln
- 625.
- Einstein, Albert, scientist
- 1147, 1149, 1149, 1729, 1729, 2068, 2464.
- Eion
- 190.
- Eire
- See Ireland.
- Eisai, Zen leader
- 394.
- Eisenach
- 613; congress of, 1234.
- Eisenhower, Dwight D., U.S. president
- 2047, 2614, 2615, 2617, 2619, 2622, 2654, 2658, 2709, 2712, 2766, 2770, 2996, 2997, 3269, 3396, 3397, 3398, 3398, 3400, 3400, 3401, 3401, 3402, 3402, 3403, 3404, 3404, 3404, 3405, 3405, 3417, 3447, 3448, 3448, 3598, 3638, 3649, 3702, 3716, 3716, 3735, 4150, 4150, 4150, 4151, 4180, 4198, 4233, 4256, 4256.
- Eisenhower Doctrine
- 2655, 3771, 3845.
- Eisenstein, Sergei, Russian filmmaker
- 1707, 2068.
- Eisleben
- 613.
- Eisner, Kurt, German leader
- 1971, 1973.
- Ekaterinburg
- 2067, 2067.
- Ekkehard of St. Gall, poet
- 416.
- Ekman, Carl, Swedish leader
- 2049.
- Ekrene
- 1139.
- Ekron
- 87, 103.
- Ekumeku, Nigerian sect
- 1520.
- Eladas, John, regent
- 436.
- Elagabalus, Roman emperor
- 255, 255, 255.
- Elah, king of Israel
- 104.
- El-Al Airlines
- 3861.
- El Alamein
- 2550, 2614, 2614.
- Elam
- 83, 84, 84, 84, 85, 85, 85, 85, 86, 86, 87, 87, 87, 87, 120, 121, 121, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 122, 123, 124, 216.
- El Argheila
- 2612, 2613.
- Elba, island
- 660, 1017; and exile of Napoleon, 1031, 1031, 1033.
- Elbasan, taken by Bulgarians
- 1797.
- Elbe River
- 243, 402, 402, 407, 408, 415, 416, 416, 456, 456, 456, 460, 752, 1237, 2621, 2982, 3011.
- Elbing
- 460.
- Elbistan
- 306, 311.
- Elbrick, C. Burke, U.S. diplomat
- 3616.
- El Caney, battle of
- 1609.
- Elchibey, Abulfez, Azerbaijani leader
- 3312, 3313.
- Eldjarn, Kristjan, Icelandic leader
- 3086.
- El Dorado
- 897.
- Elea
- 186.
- Eleanor, daughter of Henry II of England
- 444.
- Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Henry II of England
- 444, 444, 449, 449.
- Eleanor of Aragon
- 525.
- Eleatic School of philosophy
- 186.
- electoral laws
- 1901, 1908; Italy, 1941, 1946, 1949; Switzerland, 1963; Germany, 1974; Denmark, 2039; Soviet Union, 2076; Yugoslavia, 2132, 3173; Bulgaria, 2169; Romania, 2178; Canada, 2224; Brazil, 2272; Albania, 3203; U.S., 3409; Venezuela, 3604. See suffrage.
- electricity
- 638, 981, 981, 982, 982, 985, 986, 990, 1039, 1039, 1040, 1150, 1517, 1844.
- Electricity Act, Great Britain
- 2760.
- electric lamp
- 990.
- electrolysis
- 1039.
- electromagnetism
- 1039, 1148, 1148, 1150.
- electron
- 1149, 1729.
- electronics
- 991.
- Elementary Training College for Teachers, Katsina
- 2556.
- elements
- 1149; table of, 1152, 1260.
- Eleonora, archduchess of Habsburg
- 777.
- Eleonora of Aragon, mother of Afonso V of Portugal
- 529.
- Elephanta
- 327, 835.
- Elephantine Island
- 96.
- Eleusinian mysteries
- 197.
- Eleusis
- 193, 199.
- Eleutheris River
- 103.
- Eleventh International Conference
- 4457.
- Elgin, 8th earl, James Bruce, colonial administrator
- 1397, 1398, 1417, 1628.
- Elgin Marbles
- 186.
- Elgin Treaty
- 1629.
- El Greco, Kyriakos Theotokopoulos
- 604.
- El Guettar
- 2615, 2615.
- Eliécer Gaitán, Jorge, Colombian leader
- 3575.
- Elijah the Tishbite
- 104.
- Eliot, John, American Puritan missionary
- 933.
- Eliot, John
- 590, 590, 591, 591.
- Eliot, T. S., poet
- 1839, 2191.
- Elis
- 168, 190, 197, 206, 206, 210, 211, 211, 211.
- Elisabethville, University of
- 4432.
- Elisha
- 105.
- Elísio, Filinto, Portuguese writer
- 727.
- Elissa, Dido
- 109, 110.
- Elizabeth, betrothed of Louis XV of France
- 723.
- Elizabeth, Bowes-Lyon
- 1835, 1853, 2208, 2233.
- Elizabeth I, queen of England
- 585, 587, 588, 588, 588, 589, 589, 589, 603, 923.
- Elizabeth II, queen of England
- 2758, 2760, 2765, 2766, 2802, 3448, 3450, 4300, 4324.
- Elizabeth of Luxemburg
- 595.
- Elizabeth of Valois, wife of Philip II of Spain
- 602.
- Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV
- 516.
- Elizabeth Petrovna, empress of Russia
- 661, 662, 665, 763, 766, 783.
- Elizabethville, Congo
- 2570, 4434. See Lubumbashi, Congo.
- El-Kamil, Egyptian sultan
- 458.
- Elk Hills reserve, and Teapot Dome scandal
- 2194.
- Elkins Act, U.S.
- 1614.
- Ellauri, José E., Latin American leader
- 1667.
- Ellehammer, aviation pioneer
- 1736.
- Ellenborough, earl of, Edward Law, governor-general of India
- 1395.
- Ellice Islands
- 1477, 1478, 1479, 4284.
- Ellington, Edward Kennedy Duke, jazz musician
- 2191.
- Elliot, Charles, British administrator in China
- 1416.
- Elliot, George
- 1416.
- Elliot, Gilbert, viceroy of India
- 1356.
- Ellora
- 326, 327.
- Ellsberg, Daniel
- 3422.
- Elmina
- 359, 874.
- El Mirador
- 55.
- El Mozote, El Salvador
- 3668.
- El Obeid, battle of
- 963, 963.
- El Paraíso
- 56, 3670.
- Elphinstone, Mountstuart, British envoy
- 1354.
- Elphinstone Institution, Bombay
- 1394.
- El Salvador
- 1655, 1655, 1655, 1680, 1680, 1680, 1682, 1686, 2274, 2278, 2280, 2280, 2281, 2281, 2283, 2283, 2638, 2644, 2677, 2688, 2688, 3468, 3470, 3475, 3661, 3662, 3664, 3664, 3668, 3670, 3673, 3674, 3679, 3694, 3694, 3700, 3722; WWI, 2274; Military-Civilian Directorate, 3662; and U.S., 3662, 3664, 3664, 3667, 3667, 3668, 3668, 3668, 3669, 3669, 3671, 3671, 3673; student unrest, 3664, 3664; peace, 3671.
- Eluard, Paul, artist
- 1905.
- Elvas, battle of
- 727.
- Elymians
- 184, 185.
- Elysée Palace, Paris
- 1194.
- El Zanjón, convention of
- 1693.
- Emancipation Edict, Russia
- 1259, 1262.
- Emancipation Proclamation, U.S.
- 1587.
- Embargo Act, U.S.
- 1569, 1570.
- embryology
- 1043.
- Emergency Banking Relief Act
- 2202.
- Emergency Powers Act
- 1839.
- Emergency Powers Bill, Germany
- 3004.
- Emergency Powers Bill, Great Britain
- 1853.
- Emergency Railroad Transportation Act, U.S.
- 2201.
- Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, U.S.
- 2203.
- Emergency Tariff Act, U.S.
- 2192.
- Emergency Unemployment Act, Great Britain
- 1841.
- Emeric (Imre) I, king of Hungary
- 492.
- Emerson, Ralph Waldo, writer
- 1563, 1582.
- Emesa
- 215, 255, 255, 429.
- EMI, Ltd.
- 2704.
- Emin Pasha, Mehmet, explorer
- 1509, 1541.
- Emishi, Japanese leader
- 383.
- Emma, queen mother and regent of the Netherlands
- 1174.
- Emma, wife of Ethelred the Unready
- 422, 449.
- Emmanuel Philibert, king of Savoy
- 612.
- Emmet, Robert, Irish rebel
- 702.
- Empedocles, Greek philosopher
- 186.
- Empire of the East
- 260, 260, 260, 260, 261, 261, 261, 266, 268.
- Empire of the West
- 261, 261.
- Empire Settlement Act, Australia
- 2541.
- Employers and Workmen Act, England
- 1160, 1161.
- Employment Act, U.S.
- 3390.
- Employment and Social Insurance Act, Canada
- 2231.
- Employment Protection Act, Great Britain
- 2788.
- Ems Telegram
- 1234.
- Enabling Act, Germany
- 1986.
- Enarea
- 1522.
- Encalada, Manuel Blanco, Latin American leader
- 1662.
- Encina, Juan del, Spanish playwright
- 604.
- enclosures
- 687; in Sweden, 764.
- Encumbered Estates Acts, Ireland
- 1164.
- Endara, Guillermo, Panamanian leader
- 3645.
- Ender, Otto, Austrian leader
- 2004, 2005.
- Enderby Land
- 2047.
- Endicott, John, governor of Massachusetts
- 926, 926.
- End Shsaku, writer
- 4246.
- Piccolomini, Enea Silvio de'
- See Pius II, pope.
- Enfantin, Prosper, French socialist
- 1035.
- Eng, prince of Cambodia
- 849, 849.
- Engel, C. L., architect
- 1080.
- Engelbert, archbishop of Cologne
- 458.
- Engelbrechtson, Engelbrecht, Swedish leader
- 554, 554, 554.
- Engels, Friedrich, German socialist
- 1095, 1143, 1143, 1424.
- Enghien, duke of, Louis de Bourbon-Condé, conspirator against Napoleon
- 1015.
- England
- 27, 163, 278, 406, 408, 412, 416, 421, 421, 422, 422, 422, 422, 422, 422, 422, 422, 422, 423, 424, 424, 425, 425, 425, 443, 443, 443, 443, 454, 456, 457, 461, 461, 467, 468, 468, 469, 470, 511, 511, 511, 517, 517, 525, 525, 525, 528, 530, 544, 548, 548, 572, 573, 577, 578, 578, 582, 584, 584, 585, 585, 585, 585, 585, 586, 586, 586, 586, 586, 586, 588, 588, 588, 588, 588, 589, 589, 589, 589, 589, 590, 590, 590, 591, 591, 591, 592, 592, 593, 593, 593, 594, 594, 595, 595, 597, 597, 598, 598, 600, 602, 603, 603, 607, 609, 613, 615, 616, 625, 640, 640, 644, 644, 646, 648, 648, 648, 648, 648, 648, 649, 650, 651, 653, 653, 653, 656, 657, 657, 659, 660, 660, 665, 668, 668, 668, 669, 670, 670, 671, 671, 674, 675, 676, 676, 676, 677, 678, 680, 682, 682, 683, 685, 688, 695, 698, 698, 700, 703, 704, 705, 713, 718, 720, 727, 727, 728, 728, 731, 731, 733, 735, 736, 748, 752, 769, 775, 775, 780, 782, 785, 785, 801, 814, 815, 823, 824, 827, 827, 830, 833, 904, 906, 906, 906, 932, 934, 939, 956, 958, 961, 981, 984, 989, 989, 990, 1001, 1004, 1021, 1023, 1034, 1035, 1035, 1040, 1042, 1045, 1046, 1046, 1046, 1047, 1050, 1050, 1051, 1051, 1051, 1052, 1060, 1064, 1070, 1070, 1120, 1124, 1142, 1155, 1157, 1161, 1162, 1165, 1168, 1180, 1208, 1226, 1253, 1274, 1334, 1350, 1558, 1610, 2064, 2539; and France, 445, 449, 451, 451, 452, 453, 453, 511, 515, 521, 522, 522, 522, 522, 522, 522, 522, 523, 523, 523; and Scotland, 447, 447, 512, 517, 517, 517, 517, 517; and Ireland, 448, 448, 448, 448, 448, 519, 519, 519, 519; and Scandinavia, 464; Hundred Years' War, 512, 512, 513, 513, 514, 514, 515, 515, 520, 520, 520, 521, 521, 521, 521, 521, 521; Peasants' Revolt, 514; Wars of the Roses, 515, 516; and Portugal, 528; Commonwealth, 668, 668; union with Scotland, 683; treaties with the Ottoman Empire, 797, 803; and trade with the Ottoman Empire, 798; and India, 832, 833, 834, 834, 834, 834, 835; and Southeast Asia, 840, 840, 841, 846, 847; and Japan, 859, 860; and Vietnam, 863; and Pacific Islands, 865, 865, 866; and Africa, 871, 892; and Americas, 916; and North America, 919, 921, 922, 923, 923, 923, 924, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 929, 931, 934, 935, 935, 938, 939, 939, 939, 939, 939; and American colonies, 941, 941, 943, 944, 944; and Germany, 1237; WWI, 1767, 1810, 1811. See Britain; British Isles; Great Britain.
- England, Church of
- See Anglican Church.
- English Channel
- 163, 423, 512, 520, 521, 525, 603, 991, 1741, 1762, 2585, 2587, 2855.
- English East India Company
- 578, 578, 589, 814, 816, 817, 832, 834, 836, 836, 840, 845, 846, 943, 1157, 1331, 1367, 1394, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1402, 1410, 1415, 1416, 1473. See British East India Company.
- English Levant Company
- 1329.
- Enheduanna, high priestess
- 84.
- Eniwetok
- 2630, 3403.
- Enki
- 83.
- Enlightenment
- 645, 646, 646, 646, 647, 707, 716, 718, 730, 735, 735, 737, 755, 756, 782, 789, 789, 1000, 1035, 1035, 1038, 1267; in Portugal, 727; in Switzerland, 751.
- Enlil-nadin-ahhi, king of Babylon
- 83, 85, 86.
- Enmebaragesi, king of Kish
- 84, 122.
- Enmerkar of Uruk
- 84.
- Ennin, monk
- 378.
- Enniskillen
- 2811.
- Ennius, Quintus, Roman poet
- 229.
- Enos
- 980, 1138.
- Enos-Midia line, eastern Thrace
- 1743.
- Enpi-luhhan, king of Simashki
- 122.
- Enríquez, G. Alberto, Ecuadorian leader
- 2265.
- Enryakuji, monastery
- 385, 386, 396.
- Enryakuji monks, Japan
- 857.
- Ensenada, marquis of, Zenón de Somodevilla, Spanish leader
- 724.
- Entebbe, Uganda
- 3861.
- Entente Cordiale, Anglo-French
- 1196, 1373.
- Entente Powers
- 1743, 1746, 1746, 1748, 1749, 1749, 1753, 1758, 1758, 1758, 1769.
- entertainment
- 990, 1146; U.S., 1607.
- Entre Ríos, province
- 1647, 1659.
- Enugu Colliery, Nigeria
- 4323.
- Enver Pasha, Turkish leader
- 1348, 1748.
- environmentalism
- 3407, 3477, 4472, 4489; environmental Issues, 2642; environmentalist movement, 2700; Swiss disaster, 2976; U.S., 3410, 3411, 3419, 3419, 3420, 3425, 3427, 3432; Bolivia, 3548; Peru, 3562; Brazil, 3617, 3622, 3625; Japan, 4241; Australia, 4295, 4313; New Zealand, 4314. See globalization.
- Environmental Protection Agency, U.S.
- 3420.
- Epaminondas, Theban leader
- 202, 202, 202, 202.
- Eparti dynasty
- 122.
- Ephesus
- 175, 186, 186, 198, 218, 246; ecumenical council, 401.
- Ephialtes, Athenian leader
- 191, 191.
- Epictetus, Stoic philosopher
- 246.
- Epicureanism
- 208, 246.
- Epicurus, Greek philosopher
- 208, 239.
- Epidamnus
- 195.
- Epidaurus
- 178, 192, 1273.
- epika, Anton, Czech leader
- 3125.
- Epila, battle of
- 526.
- Epinay congress
- 2862.
- Epipolae, heights
- 197, 197.
- Epirus
- 129, 168, 190, 206, 210, 227, 233, 403, 500, 501, 508, 508, 508, 509, 509, 562, 564, 564, 564, 566, 1110, 1278, 1279, 1287, 1345, 1817.
- Episcopal Church
- See Anglican Church.
- Equal Opportunities Commission, Great Britain
- 2788.
- Equal Pay Act of 1970, Great Britain
- 2783.
- Equal Rights Amendment, U.S.
- 3423, 3427.
- Equatoria, African province
- 1509, 1541.
- Equatorial Africa
- See French Equatorial Africa.
- Equatorial Guinea
- 4338, 4339; independence, 4338.
- Equitable Labour Exchange, London
- 1047.
- Eran
- 324, 324.
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