Index

A

Abstracting and indexing services, 145

Accelerated degradation testing (ADT), 336

Accelerated depreciation, 687

Accelerated life testing (ALT), 336, 362

Accelerated stress test (AST), 310 “311

Accelerated testing, 305

ADT (accelerated degradation testing), 336

ALT (accelerated life testing), 336, 362

AST (accelerated stress test), 310 “311

constant-stress testing, 305 “306

definition of, 362

HALT (highly accelerated life test), 310

HASS (highly accelerated stress screens), 310

methods , 305 “306

models, 306 “309

PASS (production accelerated stress screen), 311 “312

progressive-stress testing, 306

step-stress testing, 306

Acceleration factor (A), 308 “309

Acclaro (software), 545 “547

Accountants, 663

clean opinions of, 671

reports of, 671 “672

Accounting

accrual basis of, 676 “677

books of account in, 675 “676

in business assessments, 138

cash basis of, 677

and depreciation, 684

earliest evidence of, 672

entries in, 675 “676

financial reports in, 664

and financial statement analysis, 688

as measure of quality cost, 492

recording business transactions in, 672 “675

roles in business, 664

valuation methods in, 679 “681

Accounts

books of, 675 “676

contra, 684

types of, 674

Accounts receivables, 681, 691

Accrual accounting, 676 “677

Accrued pension liabilities, 667

Accumulated depreciation, 665 “666, 684

Achieved availability, 292

Acquisitions, in product design, 196

Action plans, 161 “162

based on facts and data, 107

creative planning process in, 162

documenting, 162

in FMEA (failure modes and effects analysis), 253 “258

monitoring and controlling, 162 “163

prioritizing, 162

Action standards. see standards

Activation energy type constant (E _a ), 308

Active repair time, 293

Activities in benchmarking

after visits to partners , 156

defining, 150

drivers of, 151

flowcharting , 153 “154

modeling, 152 “153

output, 151

performance measure, 151 “152

resource requirements, 151

triggering events, 150

during visits to partners, 155

Activity analysis, 150 “152

Activity benchmarking, 123

Activity drivers, 151

Activity performance measure, 151 “152

Actual costs, 478 “480, 568, 703

Actual operating hours, 525

Actual size , 522

Actual usage, amount of, 525

Administrative process

cost of, 570

improving, 490 “492

as measure of quality cost, 493

ADT (accelerated degradation testing), 336

Advanced product quality planning. see APQP

Advanced quality planning. see AQP

Advanced Systems and Designs Inc., 405

Aerospace industry, 226

Aesthetics, 113

Aggressors, in team systems, 25

Aircraft, 196

Airline industry, 702

Allowance, 568

Almanacs, 145

Alpha tests, 266

ALT (accelerated life testing), 336, 362

Alternative costs, 703

Alternative lists, in trade-off studies, 472

Alternative rank, 476

Altman, Edward I., 699

Altshuller, Genrich, 549

Aluminum, 531

Amateur errors, 211

American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 61

Amortization, 669

Analysis of variance. see ANOVA

Angular dimensions, 520

Angular measurements, 527

Annual reports, 146, 671 “672, 678

ANOVA (analysis of variance), 396, 407 “410

for cumulative frequency, 423

for NTB signal-to-noise ratios, 431 “432

for raw data, 430, 434, 436

signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio as raw data, 434, 437

for transformed data, 438

typical table setup, 432

ANOVA-TM computer program, 405

ANSI (American National Standards Institute), 61

ANSYS program, 183 “185

Antifreeze, 289

Apollo program, 226

Apple Computer, 195

Appraisal costs, 101, 482, 489

APQP (advanced product quality planning), 266

vs. AQP (advanced quality planning), 43

in DFSS (design for six sigma), 45 “47

and product reliability, 298

AQP (advanced quality planning), 40 “42

vs. APQP (advanced product quality planning), 43

basic requirements for, 42

demonstrating, 42

pitfalls in, 43 “44

qualitative methodology in, 44 “45

reasons for using, 42

workable plans for, 43

Archiving, 40

Area sensors, 218

ARIZ algorithm, 549

Arrhenius model, 308 “309

Assembly lines, 207

simulation of, 170 “175

two-station, 173 “174

Assembly mistakes, 213

Assembly omissions, 214

Assembly process, 206

Assessment items, 476

Assets, 679

in balance sheet equation, 664, 674

buying, 666

contra, 684

current, 665

current value of, 680

vs. expenses, 680 “681

financial, 681

in financial statements, 679

fixed, 665 “666

historical cost of, 679

inflation effect on, 679

intrinsic value of, 680

as investments, 680

liquidation value of, 679

noncurrent, 667

physical, 681 “682

psychic value of, 680

replacement cost, 680

return on assets (ROA), 694

return on assets managed (ROAM), 695

return on gross assets (ROGA), 695

return on net assets (RONA), 695

selling, 669

slow, 670

types of, 681 “682

valuation methods, 679 “681

values based on historical costs, 678 “679

Assets/equity ratio, 692

Asset turnover , 704 “705

AST (accelerated stress test), 310 “311

AT&T, benchmarking in, 122 “123

Attributes, 116

Attributes tests, 313 “314, 423

Auditing, 597

Automation, 682

Automobile industry, 54 “5

AQP (advanced quality planning) in, 41

commonly used elements in, 176

product reliability in, 296 “297

six sigma philosophy in, 2

Automobile parts industry, 54

Availability, 292, 356

Axiomatic design

applying to cars , 543 “544

axioms in, 542

benefits of, 545 “547, 545 “547

and change management, 545

changing existing designs with, 544 “545

creating new designs with, 544

diagnosing existing designs with, 544

and project workflow, 545

vs. robust design, 543

Axiomatic designs, 541, 715

Axioms, 542

^[1] Note: Italicized numbers refer to illustrations and tables