The following typographical conventions are used in this book:
Italic
Used for file and directory names , example URLs, emphasis, and new terms where they are defined.
Constant width
Used for code examples and literals.
Constant width italic
In code examples, indicates an element (e.g., a parameter) that you supply.
UPPERCASE
Generally indicates Oracle keywords.
lowercase
In code examples, generally indicates user -defined items such as variables .
This icon indicates a tip, suggestion, or general note. For example, we'll tell you if you need to use a particular version of Oracle or if an operation requires certain privileges.
This icon indicates a warning or caution. For example, we'll tell you if Oracle doesn't behave as you'd expect or if a particular operation negatively impacts performance.
