A National Research Council report (2000b) discusses sociotechnical applications and opportunities for research in this area, and software support for business processes is described in Berztiss (1996). A full description of different application types is beyond the scope of this chapter, but Messerschmitt (1999a; 1999b) gives a more comprehensive discussion for the specific area of networked applications. Shapiro and Varian (1999b) have a much more extensive discussion of network effects and strategies surrounding them, and Shy (2001) gives a rigorous survey on network effects. David (1990) gives a useful historical perspective on how the full potential of technology is not realized until the environment is rethought to take full advantage of it.