Notes

1. National Center for Education Statistics, 2001 Digest of Educational Statistics, Document Number NCES 2002130, April 2002.

2. Occupational Outlook Handbook 2002-03 Edition, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2002.

3. Brooks, Frederick P., Jr., The Mythical Man-Month, Anniversary Edition, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995.

4. Baker, F. Terry, "Chief Programmer Team Management of Production Programming," IBM Systems Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, 1972, pp. 56 73. Baker, F. Terry, and Harlan D. Mills, "Chief Programmer Teams," Datamation, Volume 19, Number 12 (December 1973), pp. 58 61.

5. Fred Brooks makes a similar point on page 257 of the 20th Anniversary Edition of The Mythical Man-Month, though he doesn't relate it back to the surgical team: "I came to insist that student teams as small as four people choose a manager and a separate architect. Defining distinct roles in such small teams may be a little extreme, but I have observed it to work well and to contribute to design success even for small teams."

6. Jones, Capers, Assessment and Control of Software Risks, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Yourdon Press, 1994.

7. Adapted from Jones, Capers, Assessment and Control of Software Risks, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Yourdon Press, 1994, and Jones, Capers, Patterns of Software Systems Failure and Success, Boston, MA: International Thomson Computer Press, 1996.