I

ideal effort vs. planned effort, 239–241

impartial, estimation software as, 160–162

Impossible Zone, 227

inaccuracy. See accuracy of estimates; accuracy of estimation method

individual expert judgment, 83–84, 88–89, 105–112. See also group expert judgment

comparing to actuals, 110–106

insisting on objective criteria, 268

industry average data, 91, 100–102

defect production, 242

effort graphs, 210–216

ISBSG method, 216–218

industry differences in productivity, 62

inequalities of scale, 56–61, 70

effort estimates, 208

modeling after historical data, 99

software to account for, 160

when unimportant, 60

influences on estimates, 55–72

diseconomies of scale, 56–61, 70

effort estimates, 208

modeling after historical data, 99

software to account for, 160

when unimportant, 60

kind of software, 61–63, 236

miscellaneous other sources, 65–70

personnel factors, 63

political, 260–263

programming language, 64–65

size. See project size

influences on project effort, 207–208

informal analogy-based estimation. See off-the-cuff estimates

Informal Comparison to Past Projects Formula (Equation #18), 223

informal comparisons. See analogy, estimation by

informal estimation. See also expert judgment

Initial Concept phase. See also Cone of Uncertainty

commitment at, 40

estimation error from, 39

interface files, as function points, 200

interim releases, 12, 23

internal bias. See subjectivity and bias

internal logical files, as function points, 200

international effort factors, 247

interpreted programming languages, 65

intuition-based estimation. See off-the-cuff estimates

ISBSG Effort Formula for Desktop Projects (Equation #12), 217

ISBSG Effort Formula for Enhancement Projects (Equation #15), 217

ISBSG Effort Formula for Fourth Generation Projects (Equation #14), 217

ISBSG Effort Formula for General Projects (Equation #9), 216

ISBSG Effort Formula for Mainframe Projects (Equation #10), 216

ISBSG Effort Formula for Mid-Range Projects (Equation #11), 217

ISBSG Effort Formula for New Development Projects (Equation #16), 217

ISBSG Effort Formula for Third Generation Projects (Equation #13), 217

ISBSG method for computing effort, 216–218

IT support, effort of, 247

iterative development, 40–41, 78, 79

stages of development, 80

standardized estimation procedure for, 188–189