data
calibrating with. See calibration
comparing estimates to actuals, 110–112
counted, 84–86
computing estimates from, 86–88
function points, 200
stage-gate processes, 187
estimation software requirements, 162
historical, 91–98
accuracy with, 91–95
averages of, determining, 136
collecting, effort of, 235
comparing to past projects. See analogy, estimation by
estimation software with, 158
expert judgment vs., 89
what to collect, 95–98
industry averages, 91, 100–102
defect production, 242
effort graphs, 210–216
ISBSG method, 216–218
project data, 91, 99
dates. See schedules (calendar)
debating estimates, 172
debugging considerations, 241–245
decomposition, 113–126
estimating project size with, 205
granularity of estimated tasks, 116
work breakdown structures for. See WBS
defect measures, data on, 95, 97
defect production and removal, 241–245
defining product. See Product Definition phase
delivery
confidence factors, 252–254
evolutionary delivery, 79
promises of. See commitments
staged, 79
targets, 3, 173, 269
communicating about, 4–6
determining if realistic, 13
Delphi technique, 150–155
density of errors, project size and, 242
Detailed Design Complete phase, 35, 39. See also Cone of Uncertainty
developer-to-tester ratios, 237
development effort, 207–219
with fuzzy logic, 138
with industry average data, 210–216
influences on, 207–208
from project size, 209–210
software for, 158
development language, influence on estimates, 64–65, 247
development process
controlling. See project control
stage-gate processes, 182–185
stages of, 80
counting, 85
development style, 78–79
direct costs, 241
discussing estimates. See communication; principled negotiation
diseconomies of scale, 56–61, 70
effort estimates, 208
modeling after historical data, 99
software to account for, 160
when unimportant, 60
documenting estimation processes, 182
assumptions, 249–251
doubt, expressing, 251–255
Dutch method of function-point estimation, 203, 205
Dutch Method's Indicative Function Point Count Formula (Equation #8), 203