Conventions Used in This Book

     

This books uses the following typographical conventions:

Italic

Used for new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, directories, and Unix utilities.

Constant width

Used for program listings, classes, methods , variables , keywords, and the output of commands.

Constant width bold

Used to show commands or other text that the user should type literally and to highlight sections of code examples.

Constant width italic

Used to show text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.

Handwriting font

Used for tips, suggestions, or general notes.