Endnotes

¹ This chapter will not discuss issues of International Digital Divide.

² The practice of hiding messages in such a manner that existence is concealed.

³ For example: Adherence to religious laws in the Middle East or Communism in China.

⁴ For example: Free speech and gambling.

⁵ For example: the U.S., France, Italy, and Germany.

⁶ Minimum contacts consist of physical presence, financial gain, stream of commerce, and election of the appropriate court via contract. (International Shoe Co. v. Washington, 1945).

⁷ The Laws of a country where content is viewed or received.

⁸ The Verfassungsschutz is the German federal criminal investigation agency that prosecutes Nazi and hate speech cases.

⁹ Since YAHOO!, Inc. is physically headquartered in the U.S. (San Jose, California).

¹⁰ Jurisdiction over property.

¹¹ Computer monitors, servers, routers, fiber optic cables, etc.

¹² One such noteworthy project, the Virtual Magistrate Project (see www.vmag.org), is financed by the National Center for Automated Information Research, American Arbitration Association, and the Cyberspace Law Institute. This project seeks to address some of the more simplistic online issues before they escalate to the courts and create jurisdictional issues.

¹³ Some corporations in this market include: Quova, Akamai, InfoSplit, Digital Envoy, and Netgeo.