r file access mode, 202
r+ file access mode, 202
r shelve access mode, 212
radio buttons, 326–329
random access, 100
Random Access program example, 100–101
random module, 364
random numbers, 56
generating, 103–104
Guess My Number game example, 87
import statement, 55–56
pseudorandom, 54
randrange() function, 56–57
random.choice() function, 159
random.randrange() function, 103
randrange() function, 56–57, 284
range() function, 94, 96–97
raw_input() function, 36–37, 46, 48
read() function, 202–204, 208
Read It program example, 199–201
Read Key program example, 379–382
reading
characters
from lines, 203–204
from text files, 202–203
lines into lists, 204–205
readline() function, 203–204, 208
readlines() function, 204–205, 207–208
Receive and Return program example, 169–170
receiving messages, 264
remove() function, 137–138
repeating strings, 28, 50
repeat_interval attribute, Animation class, 430
repetition (*) operator, 28
replace() method, 40–41
return statements, 171
reveal() method, 319
reverse() function, 138, 373
root window, GUI elements
creating, 306
editing, 306
event loops, entering, 306
overview, 304–305
Rotate Sprite program, 383
rotate_by() method, 383
rotating sprites, 382–384, 397–399
row parameter, grid() method, 318
Run Script command (Edit menu), 11