Chapter 10 explores how the system performs I/O. It explains how I/O is performed at a low level in the PA-RISC architecture, including addressing, DMA, and interrupts. It then discusses how I/O works from the application's point of view, including device files and I/O configuration. We cover the steps in between with a discussion of how device drivers claim devices and how I/O requests make their way from the device files through the device drivers to the physical I/O devices. I/O is presented within the umbrella of the General I/O subsystem.