Endnotes

¹ Location-based service = a service which is relevant depending on the user 's location, e.g., finding the closest ATM.

² Time-based service = a service that is relevant at a particular time, e.g., betting during the hours before a football game.

³ In countries where the telecom operator's billing equipment allows for it, the mobile phones can already be used as a wallet for, for example, car park payment or tram tickets. In Finland a new service was launched in 2004. As the result of a cooperation between two banks and a telephone operator, it is now possible for consumers to load money from their bank account into their own, or into other consumers' (e.g., children) mobile phone, and to use the phone as a wallet for purchases. It requires special equipment at the place of purchase when used in a normal retail store. It is marketed as useful for business people, whose phones have been blocked against billing certain service numbers on the normal phone bill. By using the money that has been loaded into their phone, they can buy the services directly with 'mobile cash.'