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The implementation of an ERP system such as
SAP R/3 can have a dramatic effect on the style, structure, and
culture of the organization. When this occurs, work redesign is
inevitable. Employees, who have undergone training with the process
system and
How can individuals be motivated at work?
Researchers in human behavior science have been trying to answer
this question for a long time. It has been a difficult question to
answer because individuals are different from one another. In the
mid 1970s, researchers
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Researchers |
Theory |
Basic Assumptions |
|---|---|---|
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Frederick Herzberg (1959) |
Two Factor Theory |
Hygiene factors are necessary to maintain a
reasonable level of satisfaction in employees, which are extrinsic
and are
Motivating factors are intrinsic to the content of the job itself. These are factors such as achievement, advancement, recognition and responsibility. It is these factors that bring job satisfaction and improvement in performance. |
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Douglas McGregor (1960) |
Theory X and Theory Y |
McGregor's Theory X assumes that employees are lazy and unwilling to produce above the minimum requirements. By contrast, Theory Y assumes that people are not by nature passive or resistant to organizational objectives. The essential task of management is to arrange organizational operations in such a way that employees achieve their own goals by directing their efforts towards organizational objectives. |
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Turner and Lawrence (1965) |
Requisite Task Attributes Model |
They used six requisite task attributes, such as variety, required interaction, knowledge and skill, autonomy, optional interaction and responsibility to calculate a requisite task attribute index (RTA). They found strong links between attendance, worker's involvement and attributes of the work. |
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William Scott (1966) |
Activation Theory |
When jobs are dull or repetitive it leads to low levels of performance because dull jobs fail to activate the brain. However, when jobs are enriched, it leads to a state of activation and enhances productivity. |
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