2.1 General Installation Issues
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| Before installing MySQL, you should do the following:
This section contains the information necessary to carry out these steps. After doing so, you can use the instructions in later sections of the chapter to install the distribution that you choose. 2.1.1 Operating Systems Supported by MySQLThis section lists the operating systems on which you can expect to be able to run MySQL. We use GNU Autoconf, so it is possible to port MySQL to all modern systems that have a C++ compiler and a working implementation of POSIX threads. (Thread support is needed for the server. To compile only the client code, the only requirement is a C++ compiler.) We use and develop the software ourselves primarily on Linux (SuSE and Red Hat), FreeBSD, and Sun Solaris (Versions 8 and 9). MySQL has been reported to compile successfully on the following combinations of operating system and thread package. Note that for many operating systems, native thread support works only in the latest versions.
Not all platforms are equally well-suited for running MySQL. How well a certain platform is suited for a high-load mission-critical MySQL server is determined by the following factors:
Based on the preceding criteria, the best platforms for running MySQL at this point are x86 with SuSE Linux using a 2.4 kernel, and ReiserFS (or any similar Linux distribution) and SPARC with Solaris (2.7-9). FreeBSD comes third, but we really hope it will join the top club once the thread library is improved. We also hope that at some point we will be able to include into the top category all other platforms on which MySQL currently compiles and runs okay, but not quite with the same level of stability and performance. This will require some effort on our part in cooperation with the developers of the operating system and library components that MySQL depends on. If you are interested in improving one of those components , are in a position to influence its development, and need more detailed instructions on what MySQL needs to run better, send an email message to the MySQL internals mailing list. See Section 1.7.1.1, "The MySQL Mailing Lists." Please note that the purpose of the preceding comparison is not to say that one operating system is better or worse than another in general. We are talking only about choosing an OS for the specific purpose of running MySQL. With this in mind, the result of this comparison would be different if we considered more factors. In some cases, the reason one OS is better than the other could simply be that we have been able to put more effort into testing and optimizing for a particular platform. We are just stating our observations to help you decide which platform to use for running MySQL. 2.1.2 Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to InstallWhen preparing to install MySQL, you should decide which version to use. MySQL development occurs in several release series, and you can pick the one that best fits your needs. After deciding which version to install, you can choose a distribution format. Releases are available in binary or source format. 2.1.2.1 Choosing Which Version of MySQL to InstallThe first decision to make is whether you want to use a production (stable) release or a development release. In the MySQL development process, multiple release series co-exist, each at a different stage of maturity:
We don't believe in a complete freeze, as this also leaves out bugfixes and things that "must be done." "Somewhat frozen" means that we may add small things that "almost surely will not affect anything that's already working." Naturally, relevant bugfixes from an earlier series propagate to later series. Normally, if you are beginning to use MySQL for the first time or trying to port it to some system for which there is no binary distribution, we recommend going with the production release series. Currently this is MySQL 4.0. All MySQL releases, even those from development series, are checked with the MySQL benchmarks and an extensive test suite before being issued. If you are running an old system and want to upgrade, but don't want to take the chance of having a non-seamless upgrade, you should upgrade to the latest version in the same release series you are using (where only the last part of the version number is newer than yours). We have tried to fix only fatal bugs and make small, relatively safe changes to that version. If you want to use new features not present in the production release series, you can use a version from a development series. Note that development releases are not as stable as production releases. If you want to use the very latest sources containing all current patches and bugfixes, you can use one of our BitKeeper repositories. These are not "releases" as such, but are available as previews of the code on which future releases will be based. The MySQL naming scheme uses release names that consist of three numbers and a suffix; for example, mysql-4.1.2-alpha . The numbers within the release name are interpreted like this:
For each minor update, the last number in the version string is incremented. When there are major new features or minor incompatibilities with previous versions, the second number in the version string is incremented. When the file format changes, the first number is increased. Release names also include a suffix to indicate the stability level of the release. Releases within a series progress through a set of suffixes to indicate how the stability level improves . The possible suffixes are:
MySQL uses a naming scheme that is slightly different from most other products. In general, it's relatively safe to use any version that has been out for a couple of weeks without being replaced with a new version within the release series. All releases of MySQL are run through our standard tests and benchmarks to ensure that they are relatively safe to use. Because the standard tests are extended over time to check for all previously found bugs, the test suite keeps getting better. All releases have been tested at least with:
Another test is that we use the newest MySQL version in our internal production environment, on at least one machine. We have more than 100GB of data to work with. 2.1.2.2 Choosing a Distribution FormatAfter choosing which version of MySQL to install, you should decide whether to use a binary distribution or a source distribution. In most cases, you should probably use a binary distribution, if one exists for your platform. Binary distributions are available in native format for many platforms, such as RPM files for Linux or DMG package installers for Mac OS X. Distributions also are available as Zip archives or compressed tar files. Reasons to choose a binary distribution include the following:
Under some circumstances, you probably will be better off installing MySQL from a source distribution:
2.1.2.3 How and When Updates Are ReleasedMySQL is evolving quite rapidly here at MySQL AB and we want to share new developments with other MySQL users. We try to make a release when we have very useful features that others seem to have a need for. We also try to help out users who request features that are easy to implement. We take note of what our licensed users want to have, and we especially take note of what our extended email-supported customers want and try to help them out. No one has to download a new release. The News section of the online manual will tell you if the new release has something you really want. See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/News.html. We use the following policy when updating MySQL:
2.1.2.4 Release Philosophy ”No Known Bugs in ReleasesWe put a lot of time and effort into making our releases bug-free. To our knowledge, we have not released a single MySQL version with any known "fatal" repeatable bugs. (A "fatal" bug is something that crashes MySQL under normal usage, produces incorrect answers for normal queries, or has a security problem.) We have documented all open problems, bugs, and issues that are dependent on design decisions. See Section 1.8.7, "Known Errors and Design Deficiencies in MySQL." Our aim is to fix everything that is fixable without risk of making a stable MySQL version less stable. In certain cases, this means we can fix an issue in the development versions, but not in the stable (production) version. Naturally, we document such issues so that users are aware of them. Here is a description of how our build process works:
2.1.2.5 MySQL Binaries Compiled by MySQL ABAs a service of MySQL AB, we provide a set of binary distributions of MySQL that are compiled on systems at our site or on systems where supporters of MySQL kindly have given us access to their machines. In addition to the binaries provided in platform-specific package formats, we offer binary distributions for a number of platforms in the form of compressed tar files ( .tar.gz files). See Section 2.2, "Standard MySQL Installation Using a Binary Distribution." For Windows distributions, see Section 2.2.1, "Installing MySQL on Windows." These distributions are generated using the script Build-tools/Do-compile , which compiles the source code and creates the binary tar.gz archive using scripts/make_binary_distribution . These binaries are configured and built with the following compilers and options. This information can also be obtained by looking at the variables COMP_ENV_INFO and CONFIGURE_LINE inside the script bin/ mysqlbug of every binary tar file distribution. The following binaries are built on MySQL AB development systems:
The following binaries are built on third-party systems kindly provided to MySQL AB by other users. These are provided only as a courtesy ; MySQL AB does not have full control over these systems, so we can provide only limited support for the binaries built on them.
The following compile options have been used for binary packages that MySQL AB provided in the past. These binaries no longer are being updated, but the compile options are listed here for reference purposes.
Anyone who has more optimal options for any of the preceding configurations listed can always mail them to the MySQL internals mailing list. See Section 1.7.1.1, "The MySQL Mailing Lists." RPM distributions prior to MySQL 3.22 are user- contributed . Beginning with MySQL 3.22, RPM distributions are generated by MySQL AB. If you want to compile a debug version of MySQL, you should add --with-debug or --with-debug=full to the preceding configure lines and remove any -fomit-frame-pointer options. 2.1.3 How to Get MySQLCheck the MySQL home page (http://www.mysql.com/) for information about the current version and for downloading instructions. Our main mirror is located at http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/mysql/. For a complete up-to-date list of MySQL download mirror sites, see http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mirrors.html. There you will also find information about becoming a MySQL mirror site and how to report a bad or out-of-date mirror. 2.1.4 Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPGAfter you have downloaded the MySQL package that suits your needs and before you attempt to install it, you should make sure that it is intact and has not been tampered with. MySQL AB offers three means of integrity checking:
The following sections describe how to use these methods . If you notice that the MD5 checksum or GPG signatures do not match, first try to download the respective package one more time, perhaps from another mirror site. If you repeatedly cannot successfully verify the integrity of the package, please notify us about such incidents, including the full package name and the download site you have been using, at webmaster@mysql.com or build@mysql.com. Do not report downloading problems using the bug-reporting system. 2.1.4.1 Verifying the MD5 ChecksumAfter you have downloaded a MySQL package, you should make sure that its MD5 checksum matches the one provided on the MySQL download pages. Each package has an individual checksum that you can verify with the following command, where package_name is the name of the package you downloaded: shell> md5sum package_name Example: shell> md5sum mysql-standard-4.0.17-pc-linux-i686.tar.gz 60f5fe969d61c8f82e4f7f62657e1f06 mysql-standard-4.0.17-pc-linux-i686.tar.gz You should verify that the resulting checksum (the string of hexadecimal digits) matches the one displayed on the download page immediately below the respective package. Note that not all operating systems support the md5sum command. On some, it is simply called md5 and others do not ship it at all. On Linux, it is part of the GNU Text Utilities package, which is available for a wide range of platforms. You can download the source code from http://www.gnu.org/software/textutils/ as well. If you have OpenSSL installed, you can also use the command openssl md5 package_name instead. A DOS/Windows implementation of the md5 command is available from http://www.fourmilab.ch/md5/. 2.1.4.2 Signature Checking Using GnuPGAnother method of verifying the integrity and authenticity of a package is to use cryptographic signatures. This is more reliable than using MD5 checksums, but requires more work. Beginning with MySQL 4.0.10 (February 2003), MySQL AB started signing downloadable packages with GnuPG ( GNU Privacy Guard ). GnuPG is an Open Source alternative to the very well-known Pretty Good Privacy ( PGP ) by Phil Zimmermann. See http://www.gnupg.org/ for more information about GnuPG and how to obtain and install it on your system. Most Linux distributions already ship with GnuPG installed by default. For more information about OpenPGP , see http://www.openpgp.org/. To verify the signature for a specific package, you first need to obtain a copy of MySQL AB's public GPG build key. You can download the key from http://www.keyserver.net/. The key that you want to obtain is named build@mysql.com. Alternatively, you can cut and paste the key directly from the following text: Key ID: pub 1024D/5072E1F5 2003-02-03 MySQL Package signing key (www.mysql.com) <build@mysql.com> Fingerprint: A4A9 4068 76FC BD3C 4567 70C8 8C71 8D3B 5072 E1F5 Public Key (ASCII-armored): -----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux) Comment: For info see http://www.gnupg.org mQGiBD4+owwRBAC14GIfUfCyEDSIePvEW3SAFUdJBtoQHH/nJKZyQT7h9bPlUWC3 RODjQReyCITRrdwyrKUGku2FmeVGwn2u2WmDMNABLnpprWPkBdCk96+OmSLN9brZ fw2vOUgCmYv2hW0hyDHuvYlQA/BThQoADgj8AW6/0Lo7V1W9/8VuHP0gQwCgvzV3 BqOxRznNCRCRxAuAuVztHRcEAJooQK1+iSiunZMYD1WufeXfshc57S/+yeJkegNW hxwR9pRWVArNYJdDRT+rf2RUe3vpquKNQU/hnEIUHJRQqYHo8gTxvxXNQc7fJYLV K2HtkrPbP72vwsEKMYhhr0eKCbtLGfls9krjJ6sBgACyP/Vb7hiPwxh6rDZ7ITnE kYpXBACmWpP8NJTkamEnPCia2ZoOHODANwpUkP43I7jsDmgtobZX9qnrAXw+uNDI QJEXM6FSbi0LLtZciNlYsafwAPEOMDKpMqAK6IyisNtPvaLd8lH0bPAnWqcyefep rv0sxxqUEMcM3o7wwgfN83POkDasDbs3pjwPhxvhz6//62zQJ7Q7TXlTUUwgUGFj a2FnZSBzaWduaW5nIGtleSAod3d3Lm15c3FsLmNvbSkgPGJ1aWxkQG15c3FsLmNv bT6IXQQTEQIAHQUCPj6jDAUJCWYBgAULBwoDBAMVAwIDFgIBAheAAAoJEIxxjTtQ cuH1cY4AnilUwTXn8MatQOiG0a/bPxrvK/gCAJ4oinSNZRYTnblChwFaazt7PF3q zIhMBBMRAgAMBQI+PqPRBYMJZgC7AAoJEElQ4SqycpHyJOEAn1mxHijft00bKXvu cSo/pECUmppiAJ41M9MRVj5VcdH/KN/KjRtW6tHFPYhMBBMRAgAMBQI+QoIDBYMJ YiKJAAoJELb1zU3GuiQ/lpEAoIhpp6BozKI8p6eaabzF5MlJH58pAKCu/ROofK8J Eg2aLos+5zEYrB/LsrkCDQQ+PqMdEAgA7+GJfxbMdY4wslPnjH9rF4N2qfWsEN/l xaZoJYc3a6M02WCnHl6ahT2/tBK2w1QI4YFteR47gCvtgb6O1JHffOo2HfLmRDRi Rjd1DTCHqeyX7CHhcghj/dNRlW2Z0l5QFEcmV9U0Vhp3aFfWC4Ujfs3LU+hkAWzE 7zaD5cH9J7yv/6xuZVw411x0h4UqsTcWMu0iM1BzELqX1DY7LwoPEb/O9Rkbf4fm Le11EzIaCa4PqARXQZc4dhSinMt6K3X4BrRsKTfozBu74F47D8Ilbf5vSYHbuE5p /1oIDznkg/p8kW+3FxuWrycciqFTcNz215yyX39LXFnlLzKUb/F5GwADBQf+Lwqq a8CGrRfsOAJxim63CHfty5mUc5rUSnTslGYEIOCR1BeQauyPZbPDsDD9MZ1ZaSaf anFvwFG6Llx9xkU7tzq+vKLoWkm4u5xf3vn55VjnSd1aQ9eQnUcXiL4cnBGoTbOW I39EcyzgslzBdC++MPjcQTcA7p6JUVsP6oAB3FQWg54tuUo0Ec8bsM8b3Ev42Lmu QT5NdKHGwHsXTPtl0klk4bQk4OajHsiy1BMahpT27jWjJlMiJc+IWJ0mghkKHt92 6s/ymfdf5HkdQ1cyvsz5tryVI3Fx78XeSYfQvuuwqp2H139pXGEkg0n6KdUOetdZ Whe70YGNPw1yjWJT1IhMBBgRAgAMBQI+PqMdBQkJZgGAAAoJEIxxjTtQcuH17p4A n3r1QpVC9yhnW2cSAjq+kr72GX0eAJ4295kl6NxYEuFApmr1+0uUq/SlsQ== =YJkx -----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- You can import the build key into your personal public GPG keyring by using gpg --import . For example, if you save the key in a file named mysql_pubkey.asc , the import command looks like this: shell> gpg --import mysql_pubkey.asc See the GPG documentation for more information on how to work with public keys. After you have downloaded and imported the public build key, download your desired MySQL package and the corresponding signature, which also is available from the download page. The signature file has the same name as the distribution file with an .asc extension. For example:
Make sure that both files are stored in the same directory and then run the following command to verify the signature for the distribution file: shell> gpg --verify package_name .asc Example: shell> gpg --verify mysql-standard-4.0.17-pc-linux-i686.tar.gz.asc gpg: Warning: using insecure memory! gpg: Signature made Mon 03 Feb 2003 08:50:39 PM MET using DSA key ID 5072E1F5 gpg: Good signature from "MySQL Package signing key (www.mysql.com) <build@mysql.com>" The Good signature message indicates that everything is all right. You can ignore the insecure memory warning. 2.1.4.3 Signature Checking Using RPMFor RPM packages, there is no separate signature. RPM packages have a built-in GPG signature and MD5 checksum. You can verify a package by running the following command: shell> rpm --checksig package_name .rpm Example: shell> rpm --checksig MySQL-server-4.0.10-0.i386.rpm MySQL-server-4.0.10-0.i386.rpm: md5 gpg OK Note: If you are using RPM 4.1 and it complains about (GPG) NOT OK (MISSING KEYS: GPG#5072e1f5) , even though you have imported the MySQL public build key into your own GPG keyring, you need to import the key into the RPM keyring first. RPM 4.1 no longer uses your personal GPG keyring (or GPG itself). Rather, it maintains its own keyring because it is a system-wide application and a user's GPG public keyring is a user-specific file. To import the MySQL public key into the RPM keyring, first obtain the key as described in the previous section. Then use rpm --import to import the key. For example, if you have the public key stored in a file named mysql_pubkey.asc , import it using this command: shell> rpm --import mysql_pubkey.asc 2.1.5 Installation LayoutsThis section describes the default layout of the directories created by installing binary or source distributions provided by MySQL AB. If you install a distribution provided by another vendor, some other layout might be used. On Windows, the default installation directory is C:\mysql , which has the following subdirectories:
Installations created from Linux RPM distributions result in files under the following system directories:
On Unix, a tar file binary distribution is installed by unpacking it at the installation location you choose (typically /usr/local/mysql ) and creates the following directories in that location:
A source distribution is installed after you configure and compile it. By default, the installation step installs files under /usr/local , in the following subdirectories:
Within an installation directory, the layout of a source installation differs from that of a binary installation in the following ways:
You can create your own binary installation from a compiled source distribution by executing the scripts/make_binary_distribution script from the top directory of the source distribution. |
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-extra-charsets=complex | < Day Day Up > |
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