Intel Pentium 4 (Seventh-Generation) Processors

The Pentium 4 was introduced in November 2000 and represented a new generation in processors (see Figure 3.60). If this one had a number instead of a name, it might be called the 786 because it represents a generation beyond the previous 686 class processors. Three main variations on the Pentium 4 have been released, based on the processor die and architecture. They are called the Willamette, Northwood, and Prescott. The processor dies are shown in Figure 3.61.

Figure 3.60. Pentium 4 FC-PGA2 processor.

Figure 3.61. The CPU dies for the Pentium 4 CPU based on the Willamette, Northwood, and Prescott cores.

The main technical details for the Pentium 4 include

• Speeds range from 1.3GHz to 3.8GHz.

• 42 million transistors, 0.18-micron process, 217 sq. mm die (Willamette).

• 55 million transistors, 0.13-micron process, 131 sq. mm die (Northwood).

• 125 million transistors, 0.09-micron process, 112 sq. mm die (Prescott).

• Software compatible with previous Intel 32-bit processors.

• Some Prescott versions support EM64T (64-bit extensions) and Execute Disable Bit (buffer overflow protection).

• Processor (front-side) bus runs at 400MHz, 533MHz, 800MHz, or 1066MHz.

• Arithmetic logic units (ALUs) run at twice the processor core frequency.

• Hyper-pipelined (20-stage or 31-stage) technology.

• Hyper-threading technology support in all 2.4GHz and faster processors running an 800MHz bus and all 3.06GHz and faster processors running a 533MHz bus.

• Very deep out-of-order instruction execution.

• Enhanced branch prediction.

• 8KB or 16KB L1 cache plus 12K micro-op execution trace cache.

• 256KB, 512KB, or 1MB of on-die, full-core speed 256-bit-wide L2 cache with eight-way associativity.

• L2 cache can handle up to 4GB RAM and supports ECC.

• 2MB of on-die, full-speed L3 cache (Extreme Edition).

• SSE2SSE plus 144 new instructions for graphics and sound processing (Willamette and Northwood).

• SSE3SSE2 plus 13 new instructions for graphics and sound processing (Prescott).

• Enhanced floating-point unit.

• Multiple low-power states.

See "IA-32e 64-Bit Extension Mode (AMD64, x86-64, EM64T)," p. 50.

Intel abandoned Roman numerals for a standard Arabic numeral 4 designation to identify the Pentium 4. Internally, the Pentium 4 introduces a new architecture Intel calls NetBurst microarchitecture, which is a marketing term and not a technical term. Intel uses NetBurst to describe hyper-pipelined technology, a rapid execution engine, a high-speed (400MHz, 533MHz, 800MHz, or 1066MHz) system bus, and an execution trace cache. The hyper-pipelined technology doubles or triples the instruction pipeline depth as compared to the Pentium III (or Athlon/Athlon 64), meaning more and smaller steps are required to execute instructions. Even though this might seem less efficient, it enables much higher clock speeds to be more easily attained. The rapid execution engine enables the two integer arithmetic logic units (ALUs) to run at twice the processor core frequency, which means instructions can execute in half a clock cycle. The 400MHz/533MHz/800MHz/1066MHz system bus is a quad-pumped bus running off a 100MHz/133MHz/200MHz/266MHz system clock transferring data four times per clock cycle. The execution trace cache is a high-performance Level 1 cache that stores approximately 12K decoded micro-operations. This removes the instruction decoder from the main execution pipeline, increasing performance.

Of these, the high-speed processor bus is most notable. Technically speaking, the processor bus is a 100MHz, 133MHz, 200MHz, or 266MHz quad-pumped bus that transfers four times per cycle (4x), for a 400MHz, 533MHz, 800MHz, or 1066MHz effective rate. Because the bus is 64 bits (8 bytes) wide, this results in a throughput rate of 3200MBps, 4266MBps, 6400MBps, or 8532MBps.

Table 3.44 shows how this transfer rate compares to various speeds of dual-channel RDRAM and DDR SDRAM.

As you can see from Table 3.46, the throughput of the Pentium 4's processor bus is an exact match for the most common types of RDRAM and DDR SDRAM memory. The use of dual-channel memory means that modules must be added in matched pairs. Dual banks of PC1600 (DDR266), PC2100 (DDR333), or PC3200 (DDR400) DDR SDRAM are less expensive than equivalent RDRAM solutions, which is why virtually all newer Pentium 4 chipsets support DDR SDRAM or the newer DDR2 SDRAM.

In the Pentium 4's 20-stage or 31-stage pipelined internal architecture, individual instructions are broken down into many more substages than with previous processors such as the Pentium III, making this almost like a RISC processor. Unfortunately, this can add to the number of cycles taken to execute instructions if they are not optimized for this processor. Early benchmarks running existing software showed that existing Pentium III or AMD Athlon processors could easily keep pace with or even exceed the Pentium 4 in specific tasks; however, this is changing now that applications are being recompiled to work smoothly with the Pentium 4's deep pipelined architecture.

Another important architectural advantage is hyper-threading technology, which can be found in all Pentium 4 2.4GHz and faster processors running an 800MHz bus and all 3.06GHz and faster processors running a 533MHz bus. Hyper-threading enables a single processor to run two threads simultaneously, thereby acting as if it were two processors instead of one. For more information on hyper-threading technology, see the section "Hyper-Threading Technology," earlier in this chapter.

The Pentium 4 initially used Socket 423, which has 423 pins in a 39x39 SPGA arrangement. Later versions used Socket 478; recent versions use Socket T (LGA775), which has additional pins to support new features such as EM64T (64-bit extensions), Execute Disable Bit (protection against buffer overflow attacks), Intel Virtualization Technology, and other advanced features. The Celeron was never designed to work in Socket 423, but Celeron and Celeron D versions are available for Socket 478 and Socket T (LGA775), allowing for lower-cost systems compatible with the Pentium 4. Voltage selection is made via an automatic voltage regulator module installed on the motherboard and wired to the socket.

Use Table 3.47 as a comprehensive guide to Pentium 4 processor features. As you review the many Pentium 4 models listed in this table, you can easily see that there have actually been at least six distinct Pentium 4 generations, based on the most significant technology changes listed here:

• Socket 423

• Socket 478

• Socket 478 Hyper-Threading Technology

• Socket 478 Extreme Edition (L3 cache)

• Socket T (LGA775)

• Socket 775 EM64T (64-bit extensions)

Table 3.47. Pentium 4 Processor Information

CPU Speed (GHz)	Bus Speed (MHz)	Bus Speed (GBps)	HT Support	Boxed S-spec	OEM S-spec	Stepping	CPUID	L2 Cache	L3 Cache	Max. Temp	Max. Power	Socket	Process	Transistors	Proessor Model Number, Notes
1.30	400	3.2	No	SL4QD	SL4SF	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	69°C	48.9W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.30	400	3.2	No	SL4SF	SL4SF	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	69°C	48.9W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.30	400	3.2	No	SL5GC	SL5FW	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	70°C	51.6W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL4SC	SL4SG	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	70°C	51.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL4SG	SL4SG	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	70°C	51.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL4X2	SL4WS	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	72°C	54.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL5N7	SL59U	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	72°C	55.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL59U	SL59U	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	72°C	55.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL5UE	SL5TG	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	72°C	55.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.40	400	3.2	No	SL5TG	SL5TG	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	72°C	55.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL4TY	SL4SH	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	72°C	54.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL4SH	SL4SH	B2	0F07h	256K	0K	72°C	54.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL4X3	SL4WT	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	73°C	57.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL4WT	SL4WT	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	73°C	57.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL5TN	SL5SX	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	57.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL5N8	SL59V	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	73°C	57.9W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL5UF	SL5TJ	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	57.9W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL5TJ	SL5TJ	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	57.9W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.50	400	3.2	No	SL62Y	SL62Y	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	71°C	62.9W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL4X4	SL4WU	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	75°C	61.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL5UL	SL5VL	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	61.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL5VL	SL5VL	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	61.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL5UW	SL5US	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	75°C	60.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL5UJ	SL5VH	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	60.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL5VH	SL5VH	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	60.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL6BC	SL679	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	75°C	60.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60	400	3.2	No	SL679	SL679	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	75°C	60.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.60A	400	3.2	No	SL668	SL668	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	66°C	46.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL57V	SL57W	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	76°C	64.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL57W	SL57W	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	76°C	64.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL5TP	SL5SY	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	76°C	64.0W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL5N9	SL59X	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	76°C	63.5W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL5UG	SL5TK	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	76°C	63.5W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL5TK	SL5TK	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	76°C	63.5W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL62Z	SL62Z	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	67.7W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL6BD	SL67A	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	73°C	67.7W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.70	400	3.2	No	SL67A	SL67A	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	73°C	67.7W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL4X5	SL4WV	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	78°C	66.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL5UM	SL5VM	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	78°C	66.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL5VM	SL5VM	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	78°C	66.7W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL5UV	SL5UT	C1	0F0Ah	256K	0K	77°C	66.1W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL5UK	SL5VJ	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	77°C	66.1W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL5VJ	SL5VJ	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	77°C	66.1W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL6BE	SL67B	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	77°C	66.1W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80	400	3.2	No	SL67B	SL67B	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	77°C	66.1W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.80A	400	3.2	No	SL63X	SL62P	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	67°C	49.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
1.80A	400	3.2	No	SL62P	SL62P	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	67°C	49.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
1.80A	400	3.2	No	SL68Q	SL66Q	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	67°C	49.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
1.80A	400	3.2	No	SL66Q	SL66Q	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	67°C	49.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL5WH	SL5VN	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	69.2W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL5VN	SL5VN	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	73°C	69.2W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL5WG	SL5VK	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	72.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL5VK	SL5VK	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	75°C	72.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL6BF	SL67C	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	75°C	72.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
1.90	400	3.2	No	SL67C	SL67C	E0	0F13h	256K	0K	75°C	72.8W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
2.0	400	3.2	No	SL5TQ	SL5SZ	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	74°C	71.8W	423	180nm	42M	N/A
2.0	400	3.2	No	SL5UH	SL5TL	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	76°C	75.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
2.0	400	3.2	No	SL5TL	SL5TL	D0	0F12h	256K	0K	76°C	75.3W	478	180nm	42M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL5ZT	SL5YR	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	68°C	52.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL5YR	SL5YR	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	68°C	52.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL68R	SL66R	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	68°C	52.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL66R	SL66R	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	68°C	52.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL6E7	SL6GQ	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	54.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL6GQ	SL6GQ	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	54.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.0A	400	3.2	No	SL6QM	SL6PK	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	54.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL5ZU	SL5YS	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	69°C	55.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL5YS	SL5YS	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	69°C	55.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL68S	SL66S	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	69°C	55.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL66S	SL66S	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	69°C	55.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL6E8	SL6GR	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	70°C	57.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL6GR	SL6GR	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	70°C	57.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.20	400	3.2	No	SL6QN	SL6PL	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	57.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL683	SL67Y	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	56.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL67Y	SL67Y	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	56.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL6ET	SL6D6	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	56.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL6EE	SL6DU	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	70°C	58.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL6DU	SL6DU	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	70°C	58.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.26	533	4.3	No	SL6Q7	SL6PB	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	58.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL67R	SL65R	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL65R	SL65R	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL68T	SL66T	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL66T	SL66T	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL6E9	SL6GS	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	71°C	59.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40	400	3.2	No	SL6GS	SL6GS	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	71°C	59.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40A	533	4.3	No	SL7E8	SL7E8	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	69°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL684	SL67Z	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL67Z	SL67Z	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL6EU	SL6D7	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	70°C	57.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL6EF	SL6DV	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	71°C	59.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL6DV	SL6DV	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	71°C	59.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40B	533	4.3	No	SL6QP	SL6PM	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.2W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40C	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WR	SL6WF	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.2W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.40C	800	6.4	Yes	SL6Z3	SL6Z3	M0	0F25h	512K	0K	72°C	74.5W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.50	400	3.2	No	SL6EB	SL6GT	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	61.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.50	400	3.2	No	SL6GT	SL6GT	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	61.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.50	400	3.2	No	SL6QQ	SL6QQ	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	72°C	61.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL685	SL682	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	71°C	59.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL682	SL682	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	71°C	59.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL6EV	SL6D8	B0	0F24h	512K	0K	71°C	59.3W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL6EG	SL6DW	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	61.5W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL6DW	SL6DW	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	61.5W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.53	533	4.3	No	SL6Q9	SL6PD	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	72°C	61.5W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60	400	3.2	No	SL6HB	SL6GU	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	62.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60	400	3.2	No	SL6GU	SL6GU	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	72°C	62.6W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60	400	3.2	No	SL6QR	SL6QR	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	75°C	69.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60B	533	4.3	No	SL6S3	SL6S3	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60B	533	4.3	No	SL6QA	SL6PE	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60C	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WS	SL6WH	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.60C	800	6.4	Yes	SL78X	N/A	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6DX	SL6DX	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	73°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6EH	N/A	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	73°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6S3	SL6S3	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6SK	N/A	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6PE	SL6PE	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL6QA	N/A	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	74°C	66.1W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL7E9	N/A	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	73.1°C	103W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL7YU	N/A	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	84W	775	90nm	125M	505
2.66	533	4.3	No	SL85U	N/A	E0	0F41H	1M	0K	67.7°C	84W	775	90nm	125M	505
2.80	400	3.2	No	N/A	SL7EY	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	75°C	68.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL6K6	SL6HL	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	75°C	68.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL6HL	SL6HL	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	75°C	68.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL6SL	SL6S4	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	75°C	68.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL6S4	SL6S4	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	75°C	68.4W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL6QB	SL6PF	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	75°C	69.7W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL7PK	E0	0F41h		1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	533	4.3	No	SL88G	SL88G	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WJ	SL6WJ	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	75°C	69.7W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WT	SL6WT	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	75°C	69.7W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL6Z5	N/A	M0	0F25h	512K	0K	73°C	76.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL7E2	SL7E2	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL7E3	SL7E3	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7J5	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	520
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KA	SL7KA	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7J5	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	520
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7PL	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	No	N/A	SL7PT	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	505
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL88H	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL8HX	SL8HX	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	521[2]
2.80A	533	4.3	No	SL7K9	SL7K9	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80A	533	4.3	No	SL7D8	SL7D8	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	69°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.80C	800	6.4	Yes	SL78Y	N/A	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	75°C	69.7W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
2.80E	800	6.4	Yes	SL79K	SL79K	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	69°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
2.93	533	6.4	No	N/A	SL7YV	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	515
2.93	533	6.4	No	N/A	SL85V	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	515
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WU	SL6WK	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	81.9W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL78Z	N/A	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	81.9W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7BK	N/A	M0	0F25h	512k	0K	66°C	82.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7E4	SL7E4	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KB	SL7KB	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7PM	SL7PM	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7PU	SL7PU	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	530J
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL7Z9	SL7Z9	N0	0F43h	2M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	169M	630[2]
3.0	800	6.4	Yes	SL88J	N/A	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.00	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KK	SL7KK	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	530
3.00	800	6.4	Yes	SL7J6	SL7J6	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	530
3.0E	800	6.4	Yes	SL79L	SL79L	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	69°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	Yes	SL6K7	SL6JJ	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	81.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	Yes	SL6JJ	SL6JJ	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	81.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	Yes	SL6SM	SL6S5	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	81.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	Yes	SL6S5	SL6S5	C1	0F27h	512K	0K	69°C	81.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	Yes	SL6QC	SL6PG	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	69°C	81.8W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.06	533	4.3	No	N/A	SL87L	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	519
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL6WE	SL6WG	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	82.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL792	N/A	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	82.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL79M	SL79M	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7B8	SL7B8	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7E5	SL7E5	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7J7	SL7J7	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	540
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KC	SL7KC	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KL	SL7KL	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	540
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7LA	SL7LA	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	67.7°C	103.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A[3]
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7PN	SL7PN	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7PW	SL7PW	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	540J
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7PX	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	540[3]
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL7Z8	SL7Z8	E0	0F43h	2M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	169M	640[2]
3.20	800	6.4	Yes	SL88K	N/A	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	69.1°C	89.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.2EE	800	6.4	Yes	SL7AA	SL7AA	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	64°C	92.1W	478	130nm	178M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL793	SL793	D1	0F29h	512K	0K	70°C	89.0W	478	130nm	55M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7AJ	SL7AJ	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	73°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7B9	N/A	C0	0F33h	1M	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7E6	SL7E6	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7J8	SL7J8	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	550
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KD	SL7KD	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7KM	SL7KM	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	550
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7LH	SL7LH	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A[3]
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7PP	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	73.2°C	103.0W	478	90nm	125M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7PY	SL7PY	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	550J
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7PZ	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	550[3]
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7RR	SL7RR	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	66°C	109.6W	775	130nm	169M	N/A
3.40	800	6.4	Yes	SL7Z7	SL7Z7	N0	0F43h	2MB	0K	67.7°C	84.0W	775	90nm	125M	650[2]
3.4EE	800	6.4	Yes	SL7CH	SL7CH	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	68°C	102.9W	478	130nm	178M	N/A
3.4EE	800	6.4	Yes	SL7GD	SL7GD	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	66°C	109.6W	775	130nm	178M	N/A
3.46EE	1066	8.5	Yes	SL7NF	SL7NF	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	66°C	110.7W	775	130nm	178M	N/A
3.46EE	1066	8.5	Yes	N/A	SL7RT	M0	0F25h	512K	2M	66°C	110.7W	775	130nm	178M	N/A
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	SL7J9	SL7J9	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	560
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7KN	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	560
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	SL7L9	SL7L9	D0	0f34h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	560[3]
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7NZ	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	560[3]
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	SL7Q2	SL7Q2	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	560J
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	SL8J6	SL8J6	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A[2]
3.60	800	6.4	Yes	SL7Z5	SL7Z5	N0	0F43h	2MB	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	660[2]
3.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL7P2	SL7P2	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A[2]
3.80	800	6.4	Yes	SL82U	SL82U	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	570J
3.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL8J7	E0	0F41h	1M	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	N/A[2]
3.80	800	6.4	Yes	N/A	SL7Z3	N0	0F43h	2MB	0K	72.8°C	115.0W	775	90nm	125M	670[2]
180nm = Willamette core
130nm = Northwood core
90nm = Prescott core
1. HT = Hyper-Threading Technology; EE = Extreme Edition.

^[2] This processor supports Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T) and Execute Disable Bit (NX).

^[3] This processor supports EM64T.

For some time now, it has been obvious that "Pentium 4" has been far more of a brand than a single processor family, leading to endless confusion when users have considered processor upgrades or new system purchases. Because of the three form factors (Socket 423, Socket 478, and Socket 775) and the wide range of features available in the Pentium 4 family, it's essential that you determine exactly what the features are of a particular processor before you purchase it as an upgrade to an existing processor or as part of a complete system.

Pentium 4 Extreme Edition

In November 2003, Intel introduced the Extreme Edition of the Pentium 4, which is notable for being the first desktop PC processor to incorporate L3 cache. The Extreme Edition (or Pentium 4EE) is basically a revamped version of the Prestonia core Xeon workstation/server processor, which has used L3 cache since November 2002. The Pentium 4EE has 512KB of L2 cache and 2MB of L3 cache, which increases the transistor count to 178 million transistors and makes the die significantly larger than the standard Pentium 4. Because of the large die based on the 130-nanometer process, this chip is expensive to produce and the extremely high selling price reflects that. The Extreme Edition is targeted toward the gaming market, where people are willing to spend extra money for additional performance. The additional cache doesn't help standard business applications as well as it helps power-hungry 3D games.

In 2004, revised versions of the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition were introduced. These processors are based on the 90-nanometer (0.09-micron) Pentium 4 Prescott core but with a larger 2MB L2 cache in place of the 512KB L2 cache design used by the standard Prescott-core Pentium 4. Pentium 4 Extreme Edition processors based on the Prescott core do not have L3 cache.

The Pentium 4 Extreme Edition is available in both Socket 478 and Socket T form factors, with clock speeds ranging from 3.2GHz to 3.4GHz (Socket 478) and from 3.4GHz to 3.73GHz (Socket T). For specific features of a particular Pentium 4 Extreme Edition processor, see Table 3.47.

The various Pentium 4 and Pentium 4 Extreme Edition versions, including thermal and power specifications, are shown in Table 3.47.

Memory Requirements

Pentium 4based motherboards use RDRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, or DDR2 SDRAM memory, depending on the chipset; however, most Pentium 4 systems use DDR or DDR2 SDRAM. Since Intel's contract with RAMBUS expired in 2001, DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM have become Intel's preferred memory type for mainstream systems.

Note

The early Pentium 4 motherboards that used RDRAM used the same RAMBUS RDRAM RIMM modules introduced for use with some of the chipsets used in Pentium III motherboards. However, the dual RDRAM channels the Pentium 4 uses require you to install pairs of identical modules (called RIMMs). Pentium 4 motherboards that use RDRAM accept either one or two pairs of RIMMs. Both pairs of memory must be the same speed, but need not be the same size.

Pentium 4 Power Supply and Cooling Issues

Compared to older processors, the Pentium 4 requires a lot of electrical power, and because of this, most Pentium 4 motherboards use a new design voltage regulator module powered from 12V instead of 3.3V or 5V, as with previous designs. By using the 12V power, more 3.3V and 5V power is available to run the rest of the system and the overall current draw is greatly reduced with the higher voltage as a source. PC power supplies generate more than enough 12V power, but the ATX motherboard and power supply design originally allotted only one pin for 12V power (each pin is rated for only 6 amps), so additional 12V lines were necessary to carry this power to the motherboard.

The fix appears in the form of a third power connector, called the ATX12V connector. This new connector is used in addition to the standard 20-pin ATX power supply connector and 6-pin auxiliary (3.3V/5V) connector. Fortunately, the power supply itself doesn't require a redesigned power supply; more than enough 12V power is available from the drive connectors. To utilize this, companies such as PC Power and Cooling sell an inexpensive ($8) adapter that converts a standard Molex-type drive power connector to the ATX12V connector. Typically, a 300-watt (the minimum recommended) or larger power supply has more than adequate levels of 12V power for both the drives and the ATX12V connector.

If your power supply is less than the 300-watt minimum recommended, you need to purchase a replacement. Because the ATX12V power supply connector is required for most Intel-based systems from the past few years, virtually all vendors sell an off-the-shelf ATX12V-ready model or one that uses the adapter mentioned previously.

See "Motherboard Power Connectors," p. 1167.

Cooling a high-wattage unit such as the Pentium 4 requires a large active heatsink. These heavy (sometimes more than 1 lb.) heatsinks can damage a CPU or destroy a motherboard when subjected to vibration or shock, especially during shipping. To solve this problem with Pentium 4 motherboards, various methods have been used. Intel's specifications for Socket 423 added four standoffs to the ATX chassis design flanking the Socket 423 to support the heatsink retention brackets. These standoffs enabled the chassis to support the weight of the heatsink instead of depending on the motherboard, as with older designs. Vendors also used other means to reinforce the CPU location without requiring a direct chassis attachment. For example, Asus's P4T motherboard was supplied with a metal reinforcing plate to enable off-the-shelf ATX cases to work with the motherboard.

Socket 478 systems do not require any special standoffs or reinforcement plates; instead they use a unique scheme in which the CPU heatsink attaches directly to the motherboard rather than to the CPU socket or chassis. Motherboards with Socket 478 can be installed into any ATX chassisno special standoffs are required.

Socket T (LGA775) systems use a unique clamping mechanism that holds the processor in place. The heatsink is attached over the processor and clamping mechanism and attaches to the motherboard.

Because the Pentium 4 processor family has been manufactured in three socket types with a wide variation in clock speed and power dissipation, it's essential that you choose a heatsink made specifically for the processor form factor and speed you have purchased (or intend to purchase). This is just one more reason I think it's worth getting a boxed processor instead of an OEM version when building or upgrading a system. If you purchase the shrink-wrapped or "boxed" processor, you get an Intel-specified high-quality heatsink in the box with the process. In addition, you get a 3-year warranty with Intel, making the boxed version ideal for upgraders and system builders.

Xeon Processors

Xeon processors are based on the Pentium 4 and are designed for Socket 603 and Socket 604. Xeon DP processors (often referred to simply as Xeon) are designed for single- and dual-processor workstations:

• Xeon DP processors with a 400MHz CPU bus feature clock speeds from 1.4GHz to 3GHz.

• Xeon DP processors with a 533MHz CPU bus feature clock speeds from 2GHz to 3.2GHz.

• Xeon DP processors with a 667MHz CPU bus (a speed never used by the Pentium 4, by the way) feature clock speeds from 3.33GHz to 3.66GHz.

• Xeon DP processors with an 800MHz CPU bus feature clock speeds from 2.8GHz to 3.8GHz.

Xeon MP processors are designed for four-way and larger servers. They are available in speeds ranging from 1.4GHz to 3GHz, and all support the 400MHz CPU bus.

For more information about Xeon DP and Xeon MP processors, see my book Upgrading and Repairing Servers.