M

Index

[SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z]

M1533 South Bridge chips,
M1535D South Bridge chips,
M1535D+ South Bridge chips,
M1543 South Bridge chips,
M1543C South Bridge chips,
M1647 chips,
M1671 chipsets,
M1681/M1663 chipsets,
M1685 chipsets,
M1687 chipsets,
Macintosh [See Apple.]
Macrovision
     CopyGuard
     SafeAudio
     SafeDisc
MAG InnoVision,
magnetic disk media,
magnetic fields
     flux 2nd
     risks to floppy disks
magnetic flux,
magnetic shielding,
magnetic storage, [See also drives; optical storage,.]
     areal density
         defined
         increasing
         pixie dust technology
         superparamagnetic effect
     Bernoulli drives
     bit cells (transition cells) 2nd
     capacity measurements
     compared to magneto-optical drives
     disk/tape material
     electromagnetism
     encoding schemes 2nd
         ARLL (Advanced Run Length Limited)
         clock signals
         comparison of
         endecs
         FM (Frequency Modulation)
         MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation) 2nd
         RLL (Run Length Limited) 2nd
         timing
     flux 2nd
     head sliders
     high-capacity magnetic storage devices
         Iomega REV drives
         Zip drives
     history of
     magnetic fields
     magneto-optical drives
     Microdrive technology
     PMR (perpendicular magnetic recording) 2nd
     PRML (Partial-Response, Maximum-Likelihood)
     read process
     read/write heads
         AMR (anistropic magneto-resistant)
         ferrite
         GMR (giant magneto-resistive)
         MIG (Metal-In-Gap)
         MR (magneto-resistive)
         TF (thin film)
     tape drives 2nd
         ADR (advanced digital recording)
         advantages of
         AIT (advanced intelligent tape) 2nd
         alternatives to
         backup software
         capacity
         choosing
         comparison of
         costs
         DAT (digital audio tape) 2nd
         data throughput
         disadvantages of
         disaster recovery
         DLT (digital linear tape)
         installation
         LTO (Linear Tape-Open)
         QIC
         QIC-Wide
         SLR drives
         software compatibility
         summary of standards
         tape compatibility
         tape retensioning
         Travan
         troubleshooting
         VXA drives 2nd
     write process
magneto-optical drives, [See also optical storage,.]
magneto-resistive (MR) read/write heads,
main boards [See motherboards,.]
main memory [See RAM (random access memory),.]
main menu (BIOS Setup),
maintenance [See care and maintenance.]
Maintenance menu (BIOS Setup),
Maintenance Wizard,
Make codes,
managed hubs,
manual drive parameters,
manufacturer-supplied diagnostic software,
manufacturing
     CD-ROM discs
     manufacturing tests
     processors
         .09 micron manufacturing
         .13 micron manufacturing
         bonding
         Celeron processors
         coppermine
         dies
         doping
         metallization layers
         overclocking protection
         photolithography
         processor fakes
         processor remarking
         silicon
         silicon on insulator (SOI)
         steppers
         test process
         wafers 2nd
         yields
mapping
     displacement mapping
     environment-based bump mapping
     MIP mapping
     texture mapping
Mask ROM (read-only memory),
maskable interrupts,
masks,
mass-producting CD-ROMs,
master boot record (MBR),
master drives,
Master Photo CD discs,
master position,
master separation,
math coprocessors
     486 processors
     486DX processors
     487SX
     80287
     80387
     8087
     instruction sets
     optional
     Pentium processors 2nd
     specifications
     speeds
matrix math extensions (MMX),
Matrox Graphics
     3D chipsets
     contact information
     DualHead2Go
     multiple-head video chipsets
Mauchly, John W., 2nd
Maxell Corporation,
maximum cache,
maximum load current,
maximum safe speed, 2nd
maximum trap,
Maxtor/Quantum
     cards
     contact information
     DiamondMax D540X-4G120J6
     low-level formatting software
     website
MBR (master boot record),
MCA (microchannel architecture) buses, 2nd
McAfee.com,
MCH (Memory Controller Hub), 2nd
McKinley,
MCM (multichip module),
MCPs (media and communications processors),
mean time between failures (MTBF), 2nd
mean time to failure (MTTF),
measuring voltage,
mechanical calculators,
mechanical keyswitches
     capacitive
     foam element
     membrane
     pure mechanical
     rubber dome
     stuck keyswitches
media and communications processors (MCPs),
media-density-selector hole,
Megahertz (MHz), 2nd
membrane keyswitches,
MemCor,
memory buses,
Memory Controller Hub (MCH), 2nd
Memory Hole at 15M-16M setting (BIOS Setup),
Memory In Cassette (MIC) chips,
memory management unit (MMU),
Memory Stick Pro,
Memory Stick,
Memory Test (error message),
Memory test fail (error message),
memory testers,
Memory Translator Hub (MTH),
memory, random access (RAM), [See also ROM BIOS (basic input/output system),.]
     286 processors
     386 processors
     386SX processors
     486DX processors
     8088/8086 processors
     adapter memory configuration
     ATX motherboards
     banks 2nd
     BEDO RAM (burst extended data out RAM)
     buffers
         buffer underruns
         buffered modules
     buying tips
     cache 2nd
         access times
         asynchronous design
         bus snooping
         cache controllers
         CD/DVD drives
         compared to DRAM
         controllers
         defined 2nd
         direct-mapped cache
         four-way set associative cache
         fully associative mapped cache
         hard disk drive cache controllers
         hit ratio
         Level 1 cache 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
         Level 2 cache 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
         Level 3 cache 2nd
         maximum cache
         nonblocking cache
         Pentium-MMX improvements
         pipeline burst mode
         set associative cache
         speed
         synchronous design
         TLB (translation lookaside buffer)
         write-back cache
         write-through cache
     CMOS RAM
         accessing
         additional setup features
         addresses
         Advanced menu
         ATA Configuration menu
         backing up
         Boot Configuration menu
         Boot Device Priority menu
         Boot menu
         compared to BIOS
         diagnostic status codes
         Event Logging menu
         Exit menu
         Extended Configuration menu 2nd
         Fan Control Configuration menu
         Floppy Configuration menu
         main menu
         Maintenance menu
         motherboard CMOS RAM addresses
         overclocking/burn-in test features
         PCI Configuration menu
         Peripheral Configuration menu
         PnP Configuration menu
         Power menu
         Resource Configuration menu
         saving
         Security menu
         summary of menus
         USB Configuration menu
         Video Configuration menu
     compared to ROM (read-only memory)s
     compared to storage
     conventional memory barrier
     cost
     DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) 2nd
     DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)
     defined 2nd
     DIMMs (dual inline memory modules) 2nd
         168-pin DIMM pinouts
         184-pin DIMM pinouts
         240-pin DDR2 DIMM pinouts
         buffered
         buying tips
         illustration
         installation
         memory banks
         SPD (serial presence detect)
         unbuffered
         width
     DIP (dual inline package) chips
     DMA (Direct Memory Access) channels
         16-bit ISA
         8-bit ISA
         CD/DVD drives
     DRAM (dynamic RAM)
         compared to SRAM
         DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)
         DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)
         FPO DRAM (Fast Page Mode DRAM)
         RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)
         refresh rates
         SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)
         soft errors
         transistor/capacitor pairs
     dual-channel memory
     EDO RAM (extended data out RAM)
     flash memory 2nd
         CompactFlash
         comparison of
         MMC (MultiMediaCard)
         PC Card
         physical size
         reading
         SD (SecureDigital)
         SmartMedia
         Sony Memory Stick
         Sony Memory Stick Pro
         USB keychain drives
         xD-Picture Card
     FPO DRAM (Fast Page Mode DRAM)
     hard fails
     HMA (high memory area)
     identifying module type size, and speed
     installation
     intelligent memory management
     logical mapping
     logical memory layout 2nd
         conventional memory
         UMA (Upper Memory Area)
         XMS (Extended Memory Specification)
     maximum installable memory
     memory buses
     MMU (memory management unit)
     narrow-channel systems
     parity checking
         chipset support
         disabling
         fake parity modules
         NMIs (nonmaskable interrupts)
         odd parity
         parity bits
         parity-check messages
     RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)
         even cycles
         module types and bandwith
         odd cycles
         patents
         power savings
     registered modules
     RIMMs (Rambus inline memory modules) 2nd
         buying tips
         installation
         pinouts
     RTC/NVRAM (real-time clock/nonvolatile memory) 2nd
         modern CMOS batteries
         obsolute/unique CMOS batteries
         troubleshooting
     SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)
     shared memory
     SIMMs (single inline memory modules)
         buying tips
         illustration
         installation 2nd
         memory banks
         pinouts
         presence detect pin configurations
         width
     soft errors
         alpha particles
         cosmic rays
         ECC (error correcting code)
         fault tolerance
         heat buildup
         incorrect memory types
         line noise
         parity checking
         power glitches
         radio frequency interference
         static discharge
         timing glitches
     speed
         clock speeds
         cycle times
         interleaving
         latency
         memory bus bandwidth
         MHz (megahertz)
         module speeds
         nanoseconds
         processor bus bandwidth
     SRAM (static RAM)
     total installed memory
     total usable memory
     troubleshooting 2nd
         diagnostics utilities
         divide errors
         fatal exception errors
         general faults
         global protection faults
         memory defect isolation
         module testers
         parity errors
         step-by-step procedures
         write-back cache
     Ultra-DMA
     UMA (upper memory area)
     unbuffered modules
     upgrading
         dual-channel memory
         higher-capacity modules
         upgrade options and strategies
     VGA (video graphics array) memory
     video RAM 2nd
         DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)
         DDR-II SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)
         dynamic video memory
         GDDR-3 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)
         minimum requirements
         RAM calculations
         SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)
         SGRAM (synchronous graphics RAM)
         speed
         video bus width
     volatile storage
     wide-channel systems
memory, read-only (ROM BIOS), 2nd [See also POST (power on self test),.]
     adapter cards
     AMD-K6 processors
     AMI
     backing up
     boot ROM
     bootstrap loader
     burning
     buying tips
     CMOS RAM setup
         accessing
         additional setup features
         Advanced menu
         ATA Configuration menu
         backing up
         Boot Configuration menu
         Boot Device Priority menu
         Boot menu
         Event Logging menu
         Exit menu
         Extended Configuration menu 2nd
         Fan Control Configuration menu
         Floppy Configuration menu
         main menu
         Maintenance menu
         overclocking/burn-in test features
         PCI Configuration menu
         Peripheral Configuration menu
         PnP Configuration menu
         Power menu
         Resource Configuration menu
         saving
         Security menu
         USB Configuration menu
         Video Configuration menu
     compared to CMOS RAM
     compared to RAM
     dates
     defined 2nd
     drive capacity limitations
     drivers
     EEPROM (electronically erasable programmable ROM)
         flash ROM recovery
         upgrading
     EPROM (erasable programmable ROM)
     error messages
         DISK BOOT FAILURE
         Invalid partition table
         Missing operating system
         No boot device available
         No boot sector on fixed disk
         NO ROM BASIC SYSTEM HALTED
         Non-System disk or disk error
     firmware
     flash ROM 2nd
     hard disk capacity limitations
     host adapter BIOS
     ID strings
         AMI Hi-Flex BIOS
         AMI Hi-Flex BIOS String 2
         AMI Hi-Flex BIOS String 3
         older AMI BIOS versions
         viewing
     IML (Initial Microcode Load)
     IPL (initial program load) ROM 2nd
     logical memory layout
     manufacturers
         AMI (American Megatrends, Inc.)
         Award Software
         MR (Microid Research)
         OEMs (original equipment manufacturers)
         Phoenix
     Mask ROM
     memory conflicts
     motherboard BIOS 2nd
     non-PC ROM upgrades
     passwords
     PnP (Plug and Play) 2nd
     preboot environment
     PROM (programmable ROM)
     replacing
     ROM chip part numbers
     ROM hardware
     ROM shadowing 2nd
     RTC/NVRAM (real-time clock/nonvolatile memory) chips
     SATA (Serial ATA) setup
     Setup program
         accessing
         additional setup features
         Advanced menu
         ATA Configuration menu
         ATA RAID Controller feature
         Boot Configuration menu
         Boot Device Priority menu
         Boot menu
         Boot Up Floppy Seek feature
         Boot Up System Speed feature
         CPU Clock Multiplier feature
         CPU Frequency feature
         CPU Hyper-threading feature
         CPU Internal Cache/External Cache feature
         CPU Vcore Setting feature
         Event Logging menu
         Exit menu
         Extended Configuration menu 2nd
         Fan Control Configuration menu
         Floppy Configuration menu
         Gate A20 Option feature
         HDD S.M.A.R.T. Capability feature
         IEEE-1394a Port feature
         main menu
         Maintenance menu
         numeric keypads
         Operating Frequency feature
         overclocking/burn-in test features
         PC Health feature
         PCI Configuration menu
         Peripheral Configuration menu
         PnP Configuration menu
         Power menu
         PS/2 Mouse Function Control feature
         Quick Power On Self Test feature
         Report No FDD For WIN 95 feature
         Resource Configuration menu
         ROM Shadowing feature
         running 2nd
         Security menu
         Security Option feature
         Serial ATA Controller feature
         summary of menus
         Swap Floppy Drive feature
         Typematic Delay feature
         Typematic Rate feature
         Typematic Rate Setting feature
         USB Configuration menu
         Video Configuration menu
         Virus Warning feature
     The BIOS Companion
     updates
     upgrading
         advantages of
         chip replacements
         CMOS RAM addresses
         CMOS RAM backups
         CMOS RAM diagnostic status codes
         flash ROM recovery
         flash ROM upgrades
         IML (Initial Microcode Load)
         keyboard-controller chips
         obtaining updates
         prerequisites
         version information
         Y2K issues
     version, determining
     video BIOS 2nd
     Y2K issues
Merced processors (Itanium), 2nd 3rd
merge bits,
merged MR (magneto-resistive) heads,
metal detectors, risks to floppy disks,
Metal-In-Gap (MIG) read/write heads,
metal-oxide varistors (MOV),
metalization
     CD-ROMs
     processors
Metcalfe, Robert,
metric fasteners,
mezzanine buses [See PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) buses,.]
MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation), 2nd
MHz (megahertz), 2nd 3rd
MIC (Memory In Cassette) chips,
Micral computers,
Micro 2000 Micro-Scope,
Micro Firmware, Inc.,
micro-AT motherboards,
Micro-Scope,
MicroATX motherboards
     compared to ATX motherboards
     compatibility
     dimensions
     specification
microchannel architecture (MCA) buses,
microcode, reprogrammable,
Microdrive, 2nd 3rd 4th
microfilters,
Microid Research (MR),
Microm Network Protocol (MNP), 2nd
Micron PC, LLC,
Micron Technologies,
microphones,
microprocessors [See processors,.]
MicroScope,
Microsoft, 2nd
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
     connectors
     history of
     in/out sound card connectors
     sound card support
MIG (Metal-In-Gap) read/write heads,
migrating hard disk drives
     MS-DOS
     Windows 9x/Me
MII (Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX) processors,
Mini-A/B connectors,
mini-AT motherboards,
Mini-ITX motherboards,
mini-LPX motherboards,
     connectors
     dimensions
     expansion slots
     identifying
     LPX-compatible products
     riser cards
     upgrading
mini-towercases,
mini-Winchester sliders,
MiniATX motherboards,
minimum load current,
minimum trap,
MIP mapping,
mirroring disks,
misses (cache),
Missing operating system (error message), 2nd
MITS Altair kit,
Mitsubishi
     contact information
     DiamondTron picture tubes
MMC (MultiMediaCard),
MMU (memory management unit),
MMX (multimedia extensions),
     Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX
     Pentium II processors
MNP (Microm Network Protocol), 2nd
MO drives [See magneto-optical drives,.]
mobile computing
     keyboards
     processors
         386SL
         486SL
         Pentium II processors
     Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
Mobile Module,
modding [See heating/cooling issues; overclocking,.]
Mode setting (BIOS Peripheral Configuration menu),
Model 1 steppings,
Model 5100
model numbers (Intel),
Modem-on-Hold feature,
modems, broadband [See also modems, dial-up,.]
     advantages
     cable modems
         asymmetrical networks
         bandwidth
         bundled cable modems
         CableLabs Certified cable modems
         CATV networks
         connecting to Internet with
         costs
         DOCSIS standards
         external
         internal
         performance
         security
     comparison of access types 2nd
     convenience
     cost
     DirecWAY
     DSL (digital subscriber line)
         ADSL (asymmetric DSL)
         advantages
         availability
         CAP (carrierless amplitude/phase)
         CDSL (consumer DSL)
         costs
         DMT (discrete multitone)
         DSLAM (DSL access multiplier)
         DSLReports.com website
         G.Lite
         low-pass filters
         microfilters
         modems
         SDSL (symmetrical DSL)
         security
         service providers
         splitters
         technical problems
         telephone line issues
         transceivers
         type comparison
         xDSL
     ease of reconnection
     filtering services
     fixed-base wireless broadband
     ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
         BRI (basic rate interface)
         costs
         kilobytes
         multiple call signaling
         PRI (primary rate interface)
         TAs (terminal adapters)
         wire feet
     ISPs (Internet service providers)
     leased lines
         choosing
         defined
         PoP (point of presence)
         T-1 connections
         T-3 connections
     satellite performance
     service interruptions
     signal lights
     speed 2nd
     StarBand
     TCP/IP settings
     telephone line usage
modems, dial-up, [See also modems, dial-up,.]
     56Kbps modems
         chipsets
         limitations
         Modem-on-Hold feature
         PCM Upstream feature
         performance optimization
         QuickConnect
         speed
         V.44 standard
         V.90 standard
         V.92 standard
     AT commands
     baud rates
     bit rates
     call-waiting support
     data bits
     data-compression standards
         MNP 5 standard
         V.42bis standard
         V.44 standard
     error-correction protocols
     external
     fax modems
     gaming-optimized modems
     internal
     modulation standards
     parity
     PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) buses
     proprietary standards
     recommendations
     standards organizations
     start-stop communications
     stop bits
     support for
     telephone company upgrades
     troubleshooting
         computer lockups
         dial-up problems
         modem sounds
         undetected external modems
     upgrading
     USB (Universal Serial Bus) connections
     voice support
     WinModems
Modemsite,
modes
     IA-32 mode
     IA-32e 64-bit extension mode
     PIO (Programmed I/O) modes
     protected
         486DX processors
         80286 processors
         80386 processors
     real mode 2nd
         486DX processors
         80286 processors
     UDMA (Ultra-DMA) transfer modes
         Mode 2
         Mode 4
         Mode 5
     virtual real
         486DX processors
         80386 processors
         IA-32 virtual real mode
modifications [See heating/cooling issues; overclocking,.]
Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM) encoding,
Modified Frequency Modulation (MFM),
modulation standards,
modulator/demodulators [See analog modems; digital multimeters (DMMs),.]
modules, memory
     ATX motherboards
     buffered modules
     buying tips
     DIMMs (dual inline memory modules)
         168-pin DIMM pinouts
         184-pin DIMM pinouts
         240-pin DDR2 DIMM pinouts
         buffered
         buying tips
         illustration
         SPD (serial presence detect)
         unbuffered
     DIP (dual inline package) chips
     double-sided
     dual-channel memory
     hard fails
     identifying module type size, and speed
     installation
     maximum installable memory
     memory banks 2nd
     parity checking
         chipset support
         disabling
         fake parity modules
         NMIs (nonmaskable interrupts)
         odd parity
         parity bits
         parity-check messages
     registered modules
     RIMMs (Rambus inline memory modules)
         buying tips
         installation
         pinouts
     SIMMs (single inline memory modules)
         buying tips
         illustration
         installation
         memory banks
         pinouts
         presence detect pin configurations
     single-sided
     soft errors
         alpha particles
         cosmic rays
         ECC (error correcting code)
         fault tolerance
         heat buildup
         incorrect memory types
         line noise
         parity checking
         power glitches
         radio frequency interference
         static discharge
         timing glitches
     speed 2nd
     total installed memory
     total usable memory
     troubleshooting
         diagnostics utilities
         divide errors
         fatal exception errors
         general faults
         global protection faults
         memory defect isolation
         module testers
         parity errors
         step-by-step procedures
         write-back cache
     unbuffered modules
     upgrading
         dual-channel memory
         higher-capacity modules
         upgrade options and strategies
Molex Mini-Fit Jr. power connectors,
monitors
     buying tips
         brightness and contrast
         digital controls
         dot pitch
         emissions
         frequencies
         interlaced/noninterlaced
         power management
         refresh rates
         resolution
         size
         stripe pitch
     care and maintenance
     compared to television signals
     CRT (cathode ray tube)
         compared to LCD
         curved picture tubes
         dot pitch 2nd
         electron guns
         FST (flat square tube) designs
         horizontal scan rates
         interfaces
         multiple-frequency monitors
         persistence
         phosphor triads
         raster
         refresh rates
         scanning frequency
         screen phosphors
         shadow masks 2nd
         slotted masks
         stripe pitch
     digital controls
     DLP projectors
     emissions
     frequencies
         horizontal frequencies
         vertical scan frequencies
     LCD (liquid crystal display)
         advantages of
         brightness and contrast
         buying tips
         compared to CRT
         costs
         dead pixels
         DFP (Digital Flat Panel)
         disadvantages of
         display connections
         flat-panel
         interlaced/noninterlaced
         monochrome
         passive-matrix
         polarizing filters
         projectors
         resolution
         subpixels
         wide-screen
     multiple monitors
         configuring
         DualView
         enabling
         integrated graphics
         multiple-head video chipsets
         online resources
         primary displays
         secondary displays
     plasma displays
     power management
         ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)
         APM (Advanced Power Management)
         DPMS (Display Power-Management Signaling)
         Energy 2000 standard
         Energy Star standard
     refresh rates
         comparison of
         defined
         flicker-free refresh rates
         minimum recommendations
         setting
     resolution
     screen flicker
     screen phosphors
     size 2nd
     testing 2nd
     troubleshooting 2nd
     video adapter types
mono-in sound card connectors,
monochrome LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors,
monophonic sound cards,
Moore, Gordon, 2nd
Moore's Law,
Morris, Robert,
MOS Technologies 6502 processors,
Motherboard Homeworld's Mobot search engine,
motherboards, 2nd [See also BIOS (basic input/output system),; buses,; chipsets; power supply.]
     AT 2nd
     ATX
         color coding
         compared to Baby-AT and LPX
         compared to MicroATX motherboards
         connector panel
         connectors
         cooling features
         identifying
         manufacturing costs
         memory location
         ports
         power supply 2nd 3rd
         processor location
         riser card
     AX4B-533 Tube
     Baby-AT 2nd
     backplane systems
         active
         passive
     BTX
     buying tips
     CMOS RAM addresses
     connectors
         alternative single-row front panel connector pinouts
         AMR (Audio Modem Riser)
         AT
         ATAPI-style line-in connectors
         ATX main power connectors
         ATX/ATX12V 1.x
         ATX12V 2.x 24-pin
         backward/forward compatibility
         battery connectors
         CD audio connectors
         chassis intrusion connectors
         CNR (Communications and Networking Riser)
         Dell proprietary ATX design
         front panel audio connector pinout
         front panel IEEE 1394 (FireWire/i.LINK) connector pinout
         front panel switch/LED connector pinouts
         infrared data front panel connector pinout
         LED and keylock connectors
         microprocessor fan power connectors
         power LED indications
         power switch connectors
         speaker connectors
         telephony connectors
         Wake on LAN connectors
         Wake on Ring connectors
     defined
     Desktop Form Factors website
     "disposable" PCs
     documentation
     extended-ATX
     FlexATX
     integrated adapters
     Intel-compatible
         AMD-K5 support
         AMD-K6 support
     ITX
     jumpers
     LPX
         connectors
         dimensions
         expansion slots
         identifying
         LPX-compatible products
         power supply
         power supply connectors
         riser cards
         upgrading
     MicroATX
         compared to ATX motherboards
         compatibility
         dimensions
         specification
     Mini-ITX
     MiniATX
     mounting in case
     Nano-ITX
     NLX
         advantages
         identifying
         length of
         riser cards
         system layout
     PnP (Plug and Play)
     ports
     power consumption
     PPI (Programmable Peripheral Interface) chips
     processor sockets/slots 2nd
     proprietary designs
     PS/2 mouse interfaces
     resource conflicts
         Device Manager
         multiple-COM-port adapters
         NICs (network interface cards)
         PnP (Plug and Play)
         preventing
         resolving manually
         SCSI adapter boards
         sound cards
         system-configuration templates
         USB (Universal Serial Bus)
         video software
     speed
         AMD P-Ratings
         Cyrix P-Ratings
         memory bus bandwidth
         processor bus bandwidth
         processor comparisons
         processor overclocking
         setting
     summary of form factors
     Super I/O chips
     troubleshooting 2nd
     UPI (Universal Peripheral Interface)
     voltage regulators
     WTX
     XT
Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG), 2nd
Motorola keyboard controllers,
motors
     spindle motors 2nd
     stepper motors 2nd
Mount Rainier standard, 2nd
mounting motherboards,
mouse devices
     ball-driven mouse
     buttons
     buying tips
     cables
     cleaning 2nd
     components
     connectors
     cordless
     defined
     device drivers
     Ergonomic Mouse
     history of
     hybrid mouse
     IntelliMouse Explorer
     manufacturers
     optical mouse
     opto-mechanical mechanism
     PS/2 mouse interfaces
     scroll wheels
     Scrollpoint Pro
     serial interfaces
     troubleshootin
         cleaning
         drivers
         interrupt conflicts
     USB (Universal Serial Bus)
     wireless
         Bluetooth
         IR (infrared)
         performance issues
         proprietary radio frequency
         troubleshooting
movies [See multimedia.]
MOVs (metal-oxide varistors),
MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group), 2nd 3rd
MPR I emissions standard,
MPR II emissions standard,
MPS 1.1 (Multiprocessor Specification),
MR (magneto-resistive) read/write heads,
MR (Microid Research),
MRH-R (memory repeater hub, RDRAM-based),
MRH-S (memory repeater hub, SDRAM-based),
MS-DOS [See DOS protected mode interface (DPMI),.]
MSAUs (multistation access units),
MSCDEX.EXE driver,
MSD (Microsoft Diagnostics)
     mouse conflicts
     USB ports
MSDOS.SYS file,
MSI Computer Corp.,
MTBF (mean time between failures), 2nd
MTH (Memory Translator Hub),
MTTF (mean time to failure),
multi-I/O cards,
multichip module (MCM),
multidomain vertical alignment (MVA),
multifrequency monitors,
multimedia [See also DVDs; video adapters,.]
     3D graphics
         3D chipsets 2nd
         animation
         antialiasing
         bilinear filtering
         depth cueing
         DirectX 6.0-9.0
         displacement mapping
         dual-GPU scene rendering
         environment-based bump mapping
         flat shading
         floating-point calculations
         fogging
         Gouraud shading
         hardware/software acceleration
         history of
         image abstractions
         image rendering 2nd
         keyframe interpolation
         MIP mapping
         perspective correction
         primitives
         scan conversion
         shading
         software optimization
         stencil buffering
         T&L (transform and lighting)
         T-buffers
         texture mapping
         textures
         trilinear filtering
         vertex skinning
         vertices
         visible surface determination
         Z-buffering
     history of
     MMX (multimedia extensions)
     Multimedia CD
     multimedia extensions (MMX)
     MultiMediaCard
     SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions)
Multimedia CD,
multimedia extensions (MMX),
MultiMediaCard,
multimeters, 2nd
MultiPlay standard,
multiple branch prediction, 2nd
multiple call signaling,
multiple monitors
     configuring
     DualView
     enabling
     integrated graphics
     multiple-head video chipsets
     online resources
     primary displays
     secondary displays
multiple motherboard power connectors,
multiple-COM-port adapters,
multiple-frequency monitors,
multiple-head video chipsets,
multiprocessing,
Multiprocessor Specification (MPS) 1.1,
MultiRead specification, 2nd
MultiRead2 specification,
multiscan monitors,
multisession Photo CD,
multisession recording,
multistation access units (MSAUs),
multisync monitors,
multitasking,
multiword DMA (direct memory access),
music [See audio,.]
Musical Instrument Digital Interface [See MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface).]
MuTIOL architecture, 2nd
MVA (multidomain vertical alignment),
Mylar,