D

Index

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d-limonene,
D.W. Electrochemicals
     contact information
     Stabilant 22a
DACs (digital-to-analog converters),
DAE (digital audio extraction),
daisy chains,
DASP (drive action/slave present) signals,
DASP (dynamic adaptive speculative preprocessor),
DAT (digital audio tape), 2nd
     capacities
     DAT72
     helical scan recording
     standards
data books,
data buses [See buses,.]
data encoding schemes [See encoding schemes,.]
data flow analysis,
data pipelines,
DATA sector data,
DATA SYNC VFO LOCK sector data,
data throughput,
data transfer
     cables
     data transfer rates 2nd
         calculating
         formatted transfer rates
         IBM Deskstar 120GXP specifications
         interface transfer rates
         Maxtor DiamondMax D540X-4G120J6 specifications
         media transfer rates
         raw transfer rates
         Seagate Cheetah 36ES specifications
         Seagate Cheetah X15 specifications
     DMA (direct memory access)
     flash memory
     PIO (Programmed I/O) modes
     system-to-system
dataflow analysis,
DataMaster design,
Dataphone,
db (decibels),
DB-15 cables,
DB-25 connectors,
DB-9 connectors, 2nd
DBB (dynamic bass boost),
DC voltages,
DCC (Direct Cable Connection), 2nd
DCMA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act),
DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM), 2nd 3rd
DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM), 2nd
DDS (Digital Data Storage), [See also DAT (digital audio tape),.]
DDWG (Digital Display Working Group),
de Forest, Lee, 2nd
dead pixels,
debouncing keystrokes,
decibels (db),
decimal kilobytes,
decimal-based multiples,
dedicated servo mechanisms,
Default Primary Video Adapter setting (BIOS),
Defense Calculator,
defragmenting files,
Delayed Transaction setting (BIOS),
Dell Computer Corp.
Dell computers, 2nd 3rd
density
     areal
         defined
         increasing
         pixie dust technology
         superparamagnetic effect
     floppy disks
     tracks
depot repair,
depth cueing,
design guides,
designing systems [See assembling systems,.]
Deskstar 120GXP,
desktop cases,
Desktop Form Factors website, 2nd
desktop video boards,
detachable probe leads,
detecting processor speed,
detents (stepper motors),
Deutsche Industrie Norm (DIN),
device drivers [See drivers.]
Device Manager, 2nd
DFP (Digital Flat Panel),
DFT (Drive Fitness Test),
DIAG software,
diagnostics [See also errors; troubleshooting.]
     aftermarket software
     digital infrared thermometers
     DMMs (digital multimeters) 2nd 3rd 4th
     general-purpose diagnostics
     loopback testing
     manufacturer-supplied software
     MSD (Microsoft Diagnostics)
     network interface adapters
     operating system diagnostics
     operating system software
     peripheral diagnostics software
     POST (power on self test)
         audio error codes
         checkpoint codes
         diagnostic services
         error display
         fatal errors
         memory count
         onscreen messages 2nd
     processor-testing software
     SCSI (small computer system interface) adapters
     variable voltage transformers
dial-up modems
     56Kbps modems
         chipsets
         limitations
         Modem-on-Hold feature
         PCM Upstream feature
         performance optimization
         QuickConnect
         speed
         V.44 standard
         V.90 standard
         V.92 standard
     AT commands
     baud rates
     bit rates
     call-waiting support
     data bits
     data-compression standards
         MNP 5 standard
         V.42bis standard
         V.44 standard
     error-correction protocols
     external
     fax modems
     gaming-optimized modems
     internal
     modulation standards
     parity
     PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) buses
     proprietary standards
     recommendations
     standards organizations
     start-stop communications
     stop bits
     support for
     TCP/IP
     telephone company upgrades
     troubleshooting
         computer lockups
         dial-up problems
         modem sounds
         undetected external modems
     upgrading
     USB (Universal Serial Bus) connections
     voice support
     WinModems
Diamond Multimedia,
DiamondMax D540X-4G120J6 drives,
DiamondTron picture tubes,
DIB (dual independent bus) architecture,
     Celeron processors
     Pentium II processors 2nd
     Pentium III processors
     Pentium Pro processors
dictation software,
dies,
     Pentium II processors
     Pentium Pro processors
     Pentium processors
Difference Engine,
differential NRZ (nonreturn to zero),
digital audio extraction (DAE),
digital audio tape [See DAT (digital audio tape),.]
digital cameras
     flash memory
         CompactFlash
         comparison of
         MMC (MultiMediaCard)
         PC Card
         physical size
         reading
         SD (SecureDigital)
         SmartMedia
         Sony Memory Stick
         Sony Memory Stick Pro
         USB keychain drives
         xD-Picture Card
     Microdrive technology
digital CATV service,
Digital Data Storage (DDS), [See also DAT (digital audio tape),.]
digital DIN out connectors,
Digital Display Working Group (DDWG),
digital film [See flash memory,.]
Digital Flat Panel (DFP),
digital infrared thermometers,
digital light processing (DLP) projectors,
digital linear tape (DLT),
digital micromirror device (DMD),
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DCMA),
digital multimeters (DMMs), 2nd 3rd 4th
Digital Research,
digital signal processors (DSPs),
digital signals (video adapters),
digital subscriber line [See DSL (digital subscriber line).]
Digital Video Express (DIVX),
digital-to-analog converters (DACs), 2nd
DigitalRoom.net,
DIMMs (dual inline memory modules), 2nd
     168-pin DIMM pinouts
     184-pin DIMM pinouts
     240-pin DDR2 DIMM pinouts
     buffered
     buying tips
     illustration
     installation
     memory banks
     SPD (serial presence detect)
     unbuffered
     width
DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm),
DIP (dual inline package) chips,
DirecPC Uncensored!,
Direct Cable Connection (DCC), 2nd
direct memory access [See DMA (direct memory access),.]
direct overwrite,
direct-mapped cache,
directories, phantom,
DirectShow,
DirectX,
     3D audio support
     3D rendering
     sound cards
DirecWAY,
disabling
     APM (Advanced Power Management)
     parity-checking
disassembly
     cleaning procedures
     keyboards
     systems
disaster recovery,
Disc-at-Once recording,
discontinued sound cards,
discrete multitone (DMT),
discs [See also floppy disks.]
     Blu-ray
     CD EXTRA
     CD-DA
     CD-i
     CD-R
         bulk on spindle
         burning 2nd
         capacity
         compared to CD-RW
         conventional surface media
         copy protection
         jewel cases
         media color
         media layers
         overburning
         pre-grooves
         printable surface media
         recording speeds
         spin-coating process
         unbranded media
     CD-ROM XA
     CD-ROMs
         bootable CDs 2nd
         capacity 2nd
         care and maintenance 2nd
         copy protection
         double-density discs
         EFM data encoding
         error handing
         file systems
         form factor
         history of
         hub clamping area
         interleaves
         lands
         lead-in
         lead-out
         mass production
         multisession recording
         PCA (power calibration area)
         Photo CDs
         pits
         PMA (power memory area)
         program area
         reading
         rescue CDs
         sampling rates
         sectors
         subcode bytes
         Super Video CDs
         technical parameters
         tracks
         video CDs
         Windows 2000/XP bootable CD
         Yellow Book standard
     CD-RW
         burning
         compared to CD-R
         copy protection
         direct overwrite
         media layers
         Mount Rainier standard
         MultiRead specification
         recording speeds
     DVDs
         capacity
         care and maintenance
         copy protection
         data zone
         DVD-10
         DVD-18
         DVD-5
         DVD-9
         EFM+ data encoding
         error handling
         history of
         hub clamping area
         lands
         lead-in
         lead-out
         MultiRead2 specification
         OTP (opposite track path) construction
         pits
         PTP (parallel track path) construction
         reading
         sectors
         technical parameters
         tracks
     HD-DVDs
DISK BOOT FAILURE error message,
Disk Change signal,
disk drives [See drivers.]
Disk Management,
Disk Manager,
disk sweep,
Diskette A setting (BIOS),
Diskette Controller setting (BIOS),
Diskette Write Protect setting (BIOS),
DISKPART,
disks, floppy [See also discs.]
     capacity
     care and handling
     formatting
     media specifications
     physical construction
     sectors
     tracks
     write protection
DISPART,
displacement mapping,
Display Control Panel,
Display Power-Management Signaling (DPMS),
Display switch is set incorrectly (error message),
DisplayMate,
displays [See monitors.]
"disposable" PCs,
distributed parity, blocked data with,
divide errors,
DIVX (Digital Video Express),
DLP (digital light processing) projectors,
DLSReports.com,
DLT (digital linear tape),
DMA (direct memory access),
     CD/DVD utilization
     multiword
     singleword
     sound card conflicts
     UDMA (Ultra-DMA)
         Mode 2
         Mode 4
         Mode 5
         UDMA/66
DMD (digital micromirror device),
DMMs (digital multimeters), 2nd 3rd 4th
DMT (discrete multitone),
DOCSIS standards,
documentation
     chipsets
     Global Engineering Documents
     motherboards
     PC design guides
     physical configuration
Dolby Digital surround sound,
doping,
DOS
     boot process
     DPMI (DOS protected mode interface)
     drive formatting
     drive interfacing
     drive limitations
     drive migration
     extenders
     game support
     hard disk capacity limitations
     SCSI adapter drivers
     XCOPY
DOS protected mode interface (DPMI),
dot pitch, 2nd
double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), 2nd 3rd
double data rate SDRAM (DDR2 SDRAM), 2nd
double distributed parity,
double-density CD media, 2nd
double-sided memory modules,
doubleword DMA (direct memory access),
doubling processor speed,
DPMI (DOS protected mode interface),
DPMS (Display Power-Management Signaling),
Dragon NaturallySpeaking,
DRAM (dynamic RAM),
     compared to SRAM
     DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) 2nd 3rd
     DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) 2nd
     FPO DRAM (Fast Page Mode DRAM)
     RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)
     refresh rates
     SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)
     soft errors
     transistor/capacitor pairs
drive action/slave present (DASP) signals,
drive bays,
Drive Fitness Test (DFT),
drive letters, assigning,
drive migration
     MS-DOS
     Windows 9x/Me
drive sealing,
drivers [See also BIOS (basic input/output system),.]
     CD/DVD
         CDROM.SYS
         DOS SCSI adapter drivers
         loading
         MSCDEX.EXE
     defined
     floppy-based driver installation
     installation
     mouse 2nd
     sound card drivers
     USB (universal serial bus)
     video drivers
     VxDs
drives
     CD EXTRA
     CD-DA
     CD-i
     CD-R 2nd
         burning CDs
         capacity
         copy protection
         disc grooves
         disc media layers
         mechanical drive operation
         media color
         media options
         multisession recording
         recording speeds
         troubleshooting
     CD-ROM 2nd
         access times
         bootable CDs 2nd
         booting from
         booting from floppy disk
         buffers/cache
         buying tips
         care and maintenance
         CAV (constant angular velocity)
         CLV (constant linear velocity)
         configuration
         CPU utilization
         data transfer rates
         defined
         DMA (Direct Memory Access)
         double-density drives
         drive sealing
         drivers 2nd
         file systems
         firmware updates
         history of
         installation 2nd 3rd
         interfaces
         internal CD-audio connectors
         internal versus external 2nd
         laser operation
         loading mechanisms
         mechanical drive operation
         multisession recording
         Photo CD
         rescue CDs
         self-cleaning lenses
         speed
         Super Video CDs
         troubleshooting 2nd
         TrueX drives
         vibration control
         video CDs
         Yellow Book standard
     CD-ROM XA
     CD-RW 2nd 3rd
         burning CDs
         copy protection
         direct overwrite
         mechanical drive operation
         media layers
         Mount Rainier standard
         MultiRead specification
         multisession recording
         recording speeds
         troubleshooting
     DVD 2nd
         access times
         bootable DVDs
         booting from floppy disk
         buffers/cache
         buying tips
         care and maintenance
         CAV (constant angular velocity)
         CLV (constant linear velocity)
         compatibility
         configuration
         CPU utilization
         defined
         DIVX (Digital Video Express)
         DMA (Direct Memory Access)
         drive sealing
         drivers
         DVD Forum website
         DVD Multi
         DVD+RW
         DVD+RW Alliance
         DVD-R
         DVD-RAM
         DVD-RW
         DVD-Video
         DVD±R/RW
         firmware updates
         formats
         history of
         installation 2nd
         interfaces
         internal versus external 2nd
         loading mechanisms
         mechanical drive operation
         media compatibility
         MPEG decoder hardware
         MultiRead2 specification
         pits
         self-cleaning lenses
         speed
         transfer rates
         troubleshooting 2nd
     floppy disk drives
         1.2MB 5 1/4"
         1.44MB 3 1/2"
         2.88MB 3 1/2"
         360KB 5 1/4"
         720KB 3 1/2"
         alternatives to
         BIOS Floppy Configuration menu
         buying tips
         clusters
         controller cables
         controllers
         cylinders 2nd
         disk capacities
         Disk Change signal
         disk formats
         disk formatting
         faceplate/bezel
         formatted parameters
         head actuator mechanisms
         history of
         installation 2nd
         installing
         interfaces
         interfacing to
         logic boards
         physical operation
         power connectors 2nd
         power consumption
         read/write heads
         signal connectors
         spindle motors
         stepper motors
         troubleshooting
         tunnel erasure
     hard disk drives [See also magnetic storage,.]
         305 RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control) drives
         access times
         air filters
         areal density
         BIOS limitations
         buying tips
         cache controllers
         capacity 2nd 3rd
         CHS (cylinder head sector) addressing
         configuration 2nd 3rd [See also Setup program (BIOS),.]
         costs 2nd
         CSS (contact start stop) design
         cylinders
         data encoding schemes 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
         data transfer rates
         defined
         disk sweep
         drive capacity limitations
         drive letters, assigning
         drive migration
         dual-drive configurations
         faceplate/bezel
         ground connectors
         heads 2nd 3rd 4th
         heating/cooling issues
         high-level formatting 2nd 3rd 4th
         installation 2nd 3rd 4th
         interface connectors
         interleave
         latency
         LBA (logical block address) addressing 2nd
         load/unload mechanism
         logic boards
         low-level formatting 2nd
         mirroring
         operating system limitations
         partitioning 2nd 3rd
         platters 2nd
         power connectors
         power consumption
         prefixes for decimal/binary multiples
         preventative maintenance
         RAID (redundant array of independent disks)
         read/write heads 2nd
         recording media
         reliability
         Remote Start option
         sectors
         seek times 2nd
         servo mechanisms
         speed 2nd
         spin rates
         spindle motors
         striping
         technological advancements
         testing
         thermal recalibration
         tracks 2nd
         transfer rates
         troubleshooting 2nd
         Winchester drives
         zones
     high-capacity magnetic storage devices
     Iomega REV drives
     keychain drives 2nd
     Microdrive technology
     removable-media drives 2nd
         advantages
         Bernoulli drives
         buying tips 2nd
         connecting
         flash memory media
         installation
         interfaces
         magnetic disk media
         magnetic tape media
         magneto-optical drives
     tape drives
         ADR (advanced digital recording)
         advantages of
         AIT (advanced intelligent tape) 2nd
         alternatives to
         backup software
         capacity
         choosing
         comparison of
         costs
         DAT (digital audio tape) 2nd
         data throughput
         disadvantages of
         disaster recovery
         DLT (digital linear tape)
         installation
         LTO (Linear Tape-Open)
         QIC
         QIC-Wide
         SLR drives
         software compatibility
         tape compatibility
         tape retensioning
         Travan
         troubleshooting
         VXA drives 2nd
     thumb drives
     Zip drives
DSK (Dvorak Simplified Keyboard),
DSL (digital subscriber line)
     ADSL (asymmetric DSL)
     advantages
     availability
     CAP (carrierless amplitude/phase)
     CDSL (consumer DSL)
     costs
     DLSReports.com
     DMT (discrete multitone)
     DSL modems
     DSLAM (DSL access multiplier)
     G.Lite
     low-pass filters
     microfilters
     SDSL (symmetrical DSL)
     security
     service providers
     splitters
     technical problems
     telephone line issues
     transceivers
     type comparison
     xDSL
DSLAM (DSL access multiplier),
DSPs (digital signal processors),
DTK Computer,
DTS Surround sound,
Dual Cavity PGA packaging,
dual independent bus architecture (DIB), 2nd
dual inline memory modules [See DIMMs (dual inline memory modules),.]
dual inline package (DIP) chips,
dual-channel memory, 2nd
dual-core processors, 2nd 3rd 4th
     advantages of
     AMD Athlon 64 X2
     AMD dual-core Opteron
     Intel Extreme Edition
     Intel Pentium D
dual-drive ATA (AT Attachment) configuration
     CS (cable select)
     daisy chains
     jumper settings
     master drives
     slave drives
dual-GPU scene rendering
     ATI CrossFire
     NVIDIA SLI
dual-plane power design,
dual-plane voltage,
dual-speed hubs,
dual-speed switches,
DualDDR controller,
DualHead2Go,
DualView,
duplicate computer IDs, troubleshooting,
Duracell, Inc.,
Duron processors
     chipsets 2nd
         AMD-750
         AMD-760
         AMD-760MP
         AMD-760MPX
         Apollo KT133
         Apollo KT133A
         Apollo KT266
         Apollo KT266A
         Apollo KT333
         Apollo KT400/KM400
         Apollo KT400A
         Apollo KT600
         Apollo KT880
         Apollo KX133
         MuTIOL architecture
         nForce family
         nForce2 family
         ProSavage KM133
         ProSavage KM266
         Radeon
         reference table
         SiS chipset reference table
         SiS730S
         SiS733
         SiS735
         SiS740
         SiS741/741GX
         SiS745
         SiS746
         SiS746FX
         SiS748
         ULiMagik1
     maximum installable memory
dust, 2nd
DVD CCA (DVD Copy Control Association),
DVD drives, 2nd
     bootable DVDs
     booting from floppy disk
     buffers/cache
     buying tips
     care and maintenance
     CAV (constant angular velocity)
     CLV (constant linear velocity)
     compatibility
     CPU utilization
     data transfer rates
     defined
     DIVX (Digital Video Express)
     DMA (Direct Memory Access)
     drive sealing
     drivers
     DVD Forum
     DVD Multi
     DVD+RW
     DVD+RW Alliance
     DVD-R
     DVD-RAM
     DVD-RW
     DVD-Video
     DVD±R/RW
     firmware updates
     formats
     history of
     installation
         card edge connectors
         cautions
         controllers
         external drives
         internal drives
         jumper settings
         ribbon cables
         SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) chains
     interfaces
     internal versus external
     jumper settings
     loading mechanisms
     mechanical drive operation
     media compatibility
     minimum system requirements
     MPEG decoder hardware
     MultiRead2 specification
     pits
     self-cleaning lenses
     speed
     summary of standards
     transfer rates
     troubleshooting
         disc read failures
         disc write failures
         read/write errors
         slow drive speeds
DVD Forum,
DVD Multi,
DVD+RW Alliance,
DVD+RW drives,
DVD-10 discs,
DVD-18 discs,
DVD-5 discs,
DVD-9 discs,
DVD-R drives,
DVD-RAM drives,
DVD-RW drives,
DVD-Video drives,
DVDs
     capacity
     care and maintenance
     copy protection
         APS (analog protection system)
         CSS (content scramble system)
         RPC (regional playback control)
     data zone
     DVD-10
     DVD-18
     DVD-5
     DVD-9
     EFM+ data encoding
     error handling
     history of
     hub clamping area
     lands
     lead-in
     lead-out zone
     MultiRead2 specification
     OTP (opposite track path) construction
     pits
     PTP (parallel track path) construction
     reading
     sectors
     technical parameters
     tracks
DVD±R/RW drives,
Dvorak keyboard layout,
Dvorak, August,
DX2 processors, 2nd
DX2/OverDrive processors,
DX4 processors,
dynamic adaptive speculative preprocessor (DASP),
dynamic bass boost (DBB),
dynamic execution,
     Celeron processors
     data flow analysis
     multiple branch prediction
     Pentium II processors 2nd
     Pentium III processors
     Pentium Pro processors
     speculative execution
dynamic RAM [See DRAM (dynamic RAM),.]
dynamic video memory,