Example 76.1. Mammals' Teeth
The following data give the numbers of different kinds of teeth for a variety of mammals. The mammals are clustered by average linkage using the CLUSTER procedure (Output 76.1.1). The PROC TREE statement uses the average-linkage distance as the height axis, which is the default, and creates a horizontal high-resolution graphics tree (Output 76.1.2).
Output 76.1.1: Output from PROC CLUSTER  |
Mammals' Teeth The CLUSTER Procedure Average Linkage Cluster Analysis The data have been standardized to mean 0 and variance 1 Root-Mean-Square Total-Sample Standard Deviation = 1 Root-Mean-Square Distance Between Observations = 4 Cluster History Norm T RMS i NCL ----------Clusters Joined---------- FREQ PSF PST2 Dist e 31 Beaver Groundhog 2 . . 0 T 30 Gray Squirrel Porcupine 2 . . 0 T 29 Wolf Bear 2 . . 0 T 28 Marten Wolverine 2 . . 0 T 27 Weasel Badger 2 . . 0 T 26 Jaguar Cougar 2 . . 0 T 25 Fur Seal Sea Lion 2 . . 0 T 24 Reindeer Elk 2 . . 0 T 23 Deer Moose 2 . . 0 22 Pigmy Bat Red Bat 2 281 . 0.2289 21 CL28 River Otter 3 139 . 0.2292 20 CL31 CL30 4 83.2 . 0.2357 T 19 Brown Bat Silver Hair Bat 2 76.7 . 0.2357 T 18 Pika Rabbit 2 73.2 . 0.2357 17 CL27 Sea Otter 3 67.4 . 0.2462 16 CL22 House Bat 3 62.9 1.7 0.2859 15 CL21 CL17 6 47.4 6.8 0.3328 14 CL25 Elephant Seal 3 45.0 . 0.3362 13 CL19 CL16 5 40.8 3.5 0.3672 12 CL15 Grey Seal 7 38.9 2.8 0.4078 11 CL29 Raccoon 3 38.0 . 0.423 10 CL18 CL20 6 34.5 10.3 0.4339 9 CL12 CL26 9 30.0 7.3 0.5071 8 CL24 CL23 4 28.7 . 0.5473 7 CL9 CL14 12 25.7 7.0 0.5668 6 CL10 House Mouse 7 28.3 4.1 0.5792 5 CL11 CL7 15 26.8 6.9 0.6621 4 CL13 Mole 6 31.9 7.2 0.7156 3 CL4 CL8 10 31.0 12.7 0.8799 2 CL3 CL6 17 27.8 16.1 1.0316 1 CL2 CL5 32 . 27.8 1.1938
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Output 76.1.2: PROC TREE High-Resolution Graphics data teeth; title 'Mammals'' Teeth'; input mammal $ 1-16 @21 (v1-v8) (1.); label V1='Right Top Incisors' V2='Right Bottom Incisors' V3='Right Top Canines' V4='Right Bottom Canines' V5='Right Top Premolars' V6='Right Bottom Premolars' V7='Right Top Molars' V8='Right Bottom Molars'; datalines; Brown Bat 23113333 Mole 32103333 Silver Hair Bat 23112333 Pigmy Bat 23112233 House Bat 23111233 Red Bat 13112233 Pika 21002233 Rabbit 21003233 Beaver 11002133 Groundhog 11002133 Gray Squirrel 11001133 House Mouse 11000033 Porcupine 11001133 Wolf 33114423 Bear 33114423 Raccoon 33114432 Marten 33114412 Weasel 33113312 Wolverine 33114412 Badger 33113312 River Otter 33114312 Sea Otter 32113312 Jaguar 33113211 Cougar 33113211 Fur Seal 32114411 Sea Lion 32114411 Grey Seal 32113322 Elephant Seal 21114411 Reindeer 04103333 Elk 04103333 Deer 04003333 Moose 04003333 ; options pagesize=60 linesize=110; proc cluster method=average std pseudo noeigen outtree=tree; id mammal; var v1-v8; run; proc tree graphics horizontal; run;
Output 76.1.1 displays the information on how the clusters are joined. For example, the cluster history shows that the observations Wolf and Bear form cluster 29, which is merged with Raccoon to form cluster 11.
As you look from left-to-right in the diagram in Output 76.1.2, objects and clusters are progressively joined until a single, all-encompassing cluster is formed at the right (or root) of the diagram. Clusters exist at each level of the diagram, and every vertical line connects leaves and branches into progressively larger clusters. For example, the five bats form a cluster at the 0.6 level, while the next cluster consists only of the mole. The observations Reindeer, Elk, Deer, and Moose form the next cluster at the 0.6 level, the mammals Pika through House Mouse are in the fourth cluster, The observations Wolf, Bear, and Raccoon form the fifth cluster, while the last cluster contains the observations Marten through Elephant Seal.
The following statements create the same tree with line printer graphics in a vertical orientation; the tree is displayed in Output 76.1.3.
Output 76.1.3: PROC TREE with the LINEPRINTER Option | |
Average Linkage Cluster Analysis Name of Observation or Cluster S i l G E v r l e a H R e r y o i p B P H G P u W v S G h r H i o R r S o s o e e r F S a o a g R u e o q r e R l r a e u e n w i m e s i R B u u c a M v W B y J C r a t n r y d e n M a e n i u M c a e O e a O a o M d D o P b a d r p o W B c r r t a d t S g u S L S B B B B B o e E e o i b v h r i u o e o t i t s g t e u g e i e a a a a a l e l e s k i e o e n s l a o e n e e e e a a a a o a t t t t t e r k r e a t r g l e e f r n n e r l r r l r r l n l A 1.5 + v e r a XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX g XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX e 1 +XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX D XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX i XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX s XXXXXXXXX . XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX t XXXXXXXXX . XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX a 0.5 +XXXXXXXXX . XXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX . XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX n XXXXXXXXX . XXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX . XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX c XXXXXXXXX . XXX XXX XXX XXXXXXX . XXX . XXXXXXXXXXX . XXX XXXXX e XXX XXXXX . XXX XXX XXX XXXXXXX . XXX . XXXXX XXXXX . XXX XXX . . . . . . . XXX XXX . . XXX XXX . XXX . XXX . XXX . . XXX XXX . B . . . . . . XXX XXX . . XXX XXX . XXX . XXX . XXX . . XXX XXX . e 0 +. . . . . . XXX XXX . . XXX XXX . XXX . XXX . XXX . . XXX XXX . t w
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proc tree lineprinter; run;
As you look up from the bottom of the diagram, objects and clusters are progressively joined until a single, all-encompassing cluster is formed at the top (or root) of the diagram. Clusters exist at each level of the diagram. For example, the unbroken line of Xs at the left-most side of the 0.6 level indicates that the five bats have formed a cluster. The next cluster is represented by a period because it contains only one mammal, Mole. Reindeer, Elk, Deer, and Moose form the next cluster, indicated by Xs again. The mammals Pika through House Mouse are in the fourth cluster. The observations Wolf, Bear, and Raccoon form the fifth cluster, while the last cluster contains the observations Marten through Elephant Seal.
The next statement sorts the clusters at each branch in order of formation and uses the number of clusters as the height axis. The resulting tree is displayed in Output 76.1.4.
Output 76.1.4: PROC TREE with SORT and HEIGHT= Options proc tree sort height=n horizontal; run;
Because the CLUSTER procedure always produces binary trees, the number of internal (root and branch) nodes in the tree is one less than the number of leaves. Therefore 31 clusters are formed from the 32 mammals in the input data set. These are represented by the 31 vertical line segments in the tree diagram, each at a different value along the horizontal axis.
As you examine the tree from left to right, the first vertical line segment is where Beaver and Groundhog are clustered and the number of clusters is 31. The next cluster is formed from Gray Squirrel and Porcupine. The third contains Wolf and Bear. Note how the tree graphically displays the clustering order information that was presented in tabular form by the CLUSTER procedure in Output 76.1.1.
The same clusters a sin Output 76.1.2 and Output 76.1.3 can be seen at the six-cluster level of the tree diagram in Output 76.1.4, although the SORT and HEIGHT= options make them appear in a different order.
The following statements create these six clusters and display them in Output 76.1.5. The PROC TREE statement produces no output but creates an output data set indicating the cluster to which each observation belongs at the six-cluster level in the tree.
Output 76.1.5: PROC TREE OUT= Data Set | |
---------------------------------- CLUSTER=1 ---------------------------------- Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Incisors Incisors Canines Canines Beaver 1 1 0 0 Groundhog 1 1 0 0 Gray Squirrel 1 1 0 0 Porcupine 1 1 0 0 Pika 2 1 0 0 Rabbit 2 1 0 0 House Mouse 1 1 0 0 Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Premolars Premolars Molars Molars Beaver 2 1 3 3 Groundhog 2 1 3 3 Gray Squirrel 1 1 3 3 Porcupine 1 1 3 3 Pika 2 2 3 3 Rabbit 3 2 3 3 House Mouse 0 0 3 3 ---------------------------------- CLUSTER=2 ---------------------------------- Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Incisors Incisors Canines Canines Wolf 3 3 1 1 Bear 3 3 1 1 Raccoon 3 3 1 1 Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Premolars Premolars Molars Molars Wolf 4 4 2 3 Bear 4 4 2 3 Raccoon 4 4 3 2 ---------------------------------- CLUSTER=3 ---------------------------------- Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Incisors Incisors Canines Canines Marten 3 3 1 1 Wolverine 3 3 1 1 Weasel 3 3 1 1 Badger 3 3 1 1 Jaguar 3 3 1 1 Cougar 3 3 1 1 Fur Seal 3 2 1 1 Sea Lion 3 2 1 1 River Otter 3 3 1 1 Sea Otter 3 2 1 1 Elephant Seal 2 1 1 1 Grey Seal 3 2 1 1 Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Premolars Premolars Molars Molars Marten 4 4 1 2 Wolverine 4 4 1 2 Weasel 3 3 1 2 Badger 3 3 1 2 Jaguar 3 2 1 1 Cougar 3 2 1 1 Fur Seal 4 4 1 1 Sea Lion 4 4 1 1 River Otter 4 3 1 2 Sea Otter 3 3 1 2 Elephant Seal 4 4 1 1 Grey Seal 3 3 2 2 ---------------------------------- CLUSTER=4 ---------------------------------- Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Incisors Incisors Canines Canines Reindeer 0 4 1 0 Elk 0 4 1 0 Deer 0 4 0 0 Moose 0 4 0 0 Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Premolars Premolars Molars Molars Reindeer 3 3 3 3 Elk 3 3 3 3 Deer 3 3 3 3 Moose 3 3 3 3 ---------------------------------- CLUSTER=5 ---------------------------------- Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Incisors Incisors Canines Canines Pigmy Bat 2 3 1 1 Red Bat 1 3 1 1 Brown Bat 2 3 1 1 Silver Hair Bat 2 3 1 1 House Bat 2 3 1 1 Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Premolars Premolars Molars Molars Pigmy Bat 2 2 3 3 Red Bat 2 2 3 3 Brown Bat 3 3 3 3 Silver Hair Bat 2 3 3 3 House Bat 1 2 3 3 ---------------------------------- CLUSTER=6 ---------------------------------- Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Incisors Incisors Canines Canines Mole 3 2 1 0 Right Right Right Right Top Bottom Top Bottom mammal Premolars Premolars Molars Molars Mole 3 3 3 3
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proc tree noprint out=part nclusters=6; id mammal; copy v1-v8; proc sort; by cluster; proc print label uniform; id mammal; var v1-v8; format v1-v8 1.; by cluster; run;
Example 76.2. Iris Data
Fisher's (1936) iris data gives sepal and petal dimensions for three different species of iris. The data are clustered by k th- nearest -neighbor density linkage using the CLUSTER procedure with K=8. Observations are identified by species (Setosa, Versicolor or Virginica) in the tree diagram, which is oriented with the height axis horizontal. The following statements produce Output 76.2.1 and Output 76.2.2.
Output 76.2.1: Clustering of Fisher's Iris Data Fisher (1936) Iris Data The CLUSTER Procedure Two-Stage Density Linkage Clustering K = 8 Root-Mean-Square Total-Sample Standard Deviation = 10.69224 Cluster History Normalized Maximum Density T Fusion in Each Cluster i NCL ----Clusters Joined----- FREQ Density Lesser Greater e 10 CL11 Versicolor 48 0.2879 0.1479 8.3678 9 CL13 Virginica 46 0.2802 0.2005 3.5156 8 CL10 Virginica 49 0.2699 0.1372 8.3678 7 CL8 Versicolor 50 0.2586 0.1372 8.3678 6 CL9 Virginica 47 0.1412 0.0832 3.5156 5 CL6 Virginica 48 0.107 0.0605 3.5156 4 CL5 Virginica 49 0.0969 0.0541 3.5156 3 CL4 Virginica 50 0.0715 0.0370 3.5156 2 CL3 CL7 100 2.6277 3.5156 8.3678 3 modal clusters have been formed.
Output 76.2.2: Horizontal Tree for Fisher's Iris Data | |
Two-Stage Density Linkage Clustering Cluster Fusion Density 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------- + S Virginica XX......................................................................................... p XX e Virginica XX......................................................................................... c XX i Virginica XXXX....................................................................................... e XXXX s Virginica XXXX....................................................................................... XXXX Virginica XXXXXX..................................................................................... XXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXX.................................................................................... XXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXX................................................................................... XXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXX.................................................................................. XXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX............................................................................ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX........................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX......................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX....................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX...................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX..................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX..................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX..................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX................................................................ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX................................................................ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX................................................................. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX................................................................. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX............................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX............................................................ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX............................................................ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX............................................................ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.............................................................. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX................................................................ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX................................................................. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX..................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX..................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX...................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX...................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX........................................................................ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX........................................................................ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX......................................................................... 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XXXXXX Virginica XXXXXX..................................................................................... XXXXXX Virginica XXXXXX..................................................................................... XXXXX Virginica XXXXX...................................................................................... XX Virginica XX......................................................................................... XX Virginica XX......................................................................................... X Virginica XXX........................................................................................ XXX Versicolor XXXX....................................................................................... XXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXX................................................................................ XXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXX.............................................................................. XXXXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX............................................................................ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX........................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.......................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX......................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX....................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX..................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.................................................................. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.................................................................. 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XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Virginica XXXXXXXXXXXXXX............................................................................. XXXXXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXXXXX.............................................................................. XXXXXXXXXX Versicolor XXXXXXXXXX................................................................................. XXXX Versicolor XXXX....................................................................................... XXXX Versicolor XXXX....................................................................................... XXX Versicolor XXX........................................................................................ Setosa XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX........................................................................... XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Setosa XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX................................................................. 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XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Setosa XXXXXXXXXXXXXX............................................................................. XXXXXXXXX Setosa XXXXXXXXX.................................................................................. XXXXX Setosa XXXXX...................................................................................... XXXX Setosa XXXX.......................................................................................
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proc format; value specname 1='Setosa ' 2='Versicolor' 3='Virginica '; run; data iris; title 'Fisher (1936) Iris Data'; input SepalLength SepalWidth PetalLength PetalWidth Species @@; format Species specname.; label SepalLength='Sepal Length in mm.' SepalWidth ='Sepal Width in mm.' PetalLength='Petal Length in mm.' PetalWidth ='Petal Width in mm.'; symbol = put(species, specname10.); datalines; 50 33 14 02 1 64 28 56 22 3 65 28 46 15 2 67 31 56 24 3 63 28 51 15 3 46 34 14 03 1 69 31 51 23 3 62 22 45 15 2 59 32 48 18 2 46 36 10 02 1 61 30 46 14 2 60 27 51 16 2 65 30 52 20 3 56 25 39 11 2 65 30 55 18 3 58 27 51 19 3 68 32 59 23 3 51 33 17 05 1 57 28 45 13 2 62 34 54 23 3 77 38 67 22 3 63 33 47 16 2 67 33 57 25 3 76 30 66 21 3 49 25 45 17 3 55 35 13 02 1 67 30 52 23 3 70 32 47 14 2 64 32 45 15 2 61 28 40 13 2 48 31 16 02 1 59 30 51 18 3 55 24 38 11 2 63 25 50 19 3 64 32 53 23 3 52 34 14 02 1 49 36 14 01 1 54 30 45 15 2 79 38 64 20 3 44 32 13 02 1 67 33 57 21 3 50 35 16 06 1 58 26 40 12 2 44 30 13 02 1 77 28 67 20 3 63 27 49 18 3 47 32 16 02 1 55 26 44 12 2 50 23 33 10 2 72 32 60 18 3 48 30 14 03 1 51 38 16 02 1 61 30 49 18 3 48 34 19 02 1 50 30 16 02 1 50 32 12 02 1 61 26 56 14 3 64 28 56 21 3 43 30 11 01 1 58 40 12 02 1 51 38 19 04 1 67 31 44 14 2 62 28 48 18 3 49 30 14 02 1 51 35 14 02 1 56 30 45 15 2 58 27 41 10 2 50 34 16 04 1 46 32 14 02 1 60 29 45 15 2 57 26 35 10 2 57 44 15 04 1 50 36 14 02 1 77 30 61 23 3 63 34 56 24 3 58 27 51 19 3 57 29 42 13 2 72 30 58 16 3 54 34 15 04 1 52 41 15 01 1 71 30 59 21 3 64 31 55 18 3 60 30 48 18 3 63 29 56 18 3 49 24 33 10 2 56 27 42 13 2 57 30 42 12 2 55 42 14 02 1 49 31 15 02 1 77 26 69 23 3 60 22 50 15 3 54 39 17 04 1 66 29 46 13 2 52 27 39 14 2 60 34 45 16 2 50 34 15 02 1 44 29 14 02 1 50 20 35 10 2 55 24 37 10 2 58 27 39 12 2 47 32 13 02 1 46 31 15 02 1 69 32 57 23 3 62 29 43 13 2 74 28 61 19 3 59 30 42 15 2 51 34 15 02 1 50 35 13 03 1 56 28 49 20 3 60 22 40 10 2 73 29 63 18 3 67 25 58 18 3 49 31 15 01 1 67 31 47 15 2 63 23 44 13 2 54 37 15 02 1 56 30 41 13 2 63 25 49 15 2 61 28 47 12 2 64 29 43 13 2 51 25 30 11 2 57 28 41 13 2 65 30 58 22 3 69 31 54 21 3 54 39 13 04 1 51 35 14 03 1 72 36 61 25 3 65 32 51 20 3 61 29 47 14 2 56 29 36 13 2 69 31 49 15 2 64 27 53 19 3 68 30 55 21 3 55 25 40 13 2 48 34 16 02 1 48 30 14 01 1 45 23 13 03 1 57 25 50 20 3 57 38 17 03 1 51 38 15 03 1 55 23 40 13 2 66 30 44 14 2 68 28 48 14 2 54 34 17 02 1 51 37 15 04 1 52 35 15 02 1 58 28 51 24 3 67 30 50 17 2 63 33 60 25 3 53 37 15 02 1 ; proc cluster data=iris method=twostage print=10 outtree=tree k=8 noeigen; var SepalLength SepalWidth PetalLength PetalWidth; copy Species; id Species; run; options pagesize=60 linesize=110; proc tree data=tree horizontal lineprinter pages=1 maxh=10; id species; run;
The PAGES=1 option specifies that the tree diagram extends over one page from tree to root. Since the HORIZONTAL option is also specified, the horizontal extent of the diagram is one page. The number of vertical pages required for the diagram is dictated by the number of leaves in the tree.
The MAXH=10 limits the values displayed on the height axis to a maximum of 10. This prunes the tree diagram so that only the portion from the leaves to level 10 is displayed. You can see this pruning effect in Output 76.2.2.
