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Intel Pentium 4 processors based on the Willamette core are manufactured with 0.18-micrometer technology. They are based on the Intel NetBurst microarchitecture, which uses the Quad Pumped Bus as the FSB.
Willamette-based Pentium 4 processors are manufactured with two variations of the Flip-Chip Pin Grid Array (FCPGA) form factor, providing for Socket 423 and Socket 478 slots. The voltage supplied to the core (Vcore) for Socket 423 processors is 1.7 V and 1.75 V; for Socket 478 processors, it is 1.75 V.
High performance of Pentium 4 processors is the product of the core architecture and technology, which was refined on the previous generation of processors with the Coppermine core. Furthermore, these processors have significant technological reserve that can be implemented by carefully performing moderate overclocking. Special chipsets designed for Pentium 4 processors and serving as a basis for appropriate motherboards allow the capabilities of the core architecture and high technological potential to be implemented.
When planning overclocking operations (with analysis of advantages and drawbacks), note that as in case of previous models, Pentium 4 processors have fixed multipliers. Because of this, processor overclocking is accomplished exclusively by increasing the FSB clock frequency and, consequently, changing the frequency modes of other computer components.
To successfully accomplish overclocking procedures, it is recommended that you use a motherboard that ensures the required functional capabilities, including hardware monitoring. The chosen motherboard must be compatible with the chosen processor line (Socket 423 or Socket 478). High-quality motherboards allow considerable performance gain when overclocking Pentium 4 processors. For 1.7 GHz (Socket 478) models, correct overclocking procedures often provide performance growth of 20% or more. For some models with a clock frequency of 1.4 GHz (Socket 478), the performance gain is 25%–30%. Remember that overclocking potential depends not only on the operating modes and processor model, but also on the specific processor.
Tables 18.17 and 18.18 outline the results of overclocking for several Pentium 4 1.4 GHz and Pentium 4 1.7 GHz processors. (These materials were obtained from http://www.overclockers.ru, a Russian-language Web site.)
Processor marking | Maximum stable frequency (GHz) |
---|---|
SL59U-MALAY-L130A673-0772 | 1.67 |
SL59U-MALAY-L130A673-1037 | 1.67 |
SL59U-MALAY-L130A673-1056 | 1.91 |
SL59U-MALAY-L130A673-0774 | 1.75 |
SL59U-MALAY-L130A673-0780 | 1.68 |
SL59U-MALAY-L130A673-1034 | 1.61 |
SL59U-MALAY-L130A673-0840 | 1.79 |
SL59U-MALAY-L130A673-0771 | 1.68 |
SL59U-MALAY-L130A673-0777 | 1.75 |
CPU marking | Maximum stable frequency (GHz) |
---|---|
SLSTG-L129B272-0226-MALAY | 2.10 |
SLSTG-L129B272-0223-MALAY | 2.10 |
SLSTG-L129B272-0222-MALAY | 2.10 |
SL59X-MALAY-L132A473-0683 | 2.09 |
SL59X-MALAY-L132A473-0105 | 1.95 |
SL59X-MALAY-L132A473-0686 | 1.95 |
SL5TK-COSTAR-3141A265-1341 | 2.04 |
SL5TK-COSTAR-3141A265-1344 | 2.04 |
Processor — Intel Pentium 4 1.5 GHz (Willamette core, 8 KB L1 cache, 256 KB L2 cache, core frequency operation, nominal processor-bus frequency of 100 MHz that ensures a data-transfer frequency of 400 MHz, 1.75 V core supply, Socket 478)
Motherboard — Shuttle AV40 (VIA P4X266 chipset)
Hard disk — IBM DPTA-372050 (20 GB, 2 MB cache memory, Ultra DMA/66)
RAM — 256 MB, DDR266
Video adapter — Asus GeForce2
CD-ROM drive — Asus CD-S400/A (40x)
Operating system — Windows 2000 Server, Service Pack 2
Overclocking was achieved by increasing the processor-bus frequency.
The following tests were used to investigate the overclocking results: CPUmark 99, FPU WinMark, 3DMark2000, and Video 2000. Testing results are presented in Tables 18.19 and 18.20 and in Figs. 18.34–18.36.
FSB frequency (MHz) | CPU frequency (MHz) | CPUmark 99 rating | FPU WinMark rating | 3DMark2000 rating |
---|---|---|---|---|
100 | 1,500 = 100 × 15 | 89.1 | 5,200 | 7,626 |
119 | 1,785 = 119 × 15 | 105.0 | 6,170 | 8,643 |
CPU frequency (MHz) | 1,500 = 100 × 15 | 1,785 = 119 × 15 | ||
Video 2000 (800 × 600 × 32) | 879 | 990 | ||
Data-transfer rate (MB/sec) | Non-local → local video memory | 554.6 | 661.0 | |
Local → non-local video memory | 14.8 | 15.0 | ||
Video memory → system memory | 49.0 | 58.4 | ||
System memory → video memory | 498.6 | 638.6 | ||
MPEG2 encoding (frames per second) | 36.06 | 42.65 | ||
MPEG2 decoding (% of processor workload) | 3 Mbits/sec | 29.18 | 22.04 | |
6 Mbits/sec | 38.54 | 29.38 | ||
9 Mbits/sec | 54.10 | 40.34 | ||
Figure 18.34: Pentium 4 1.5 GHz test results (CPUmark 99)
Figure 18.35: Pentium 4 1.5 GHz test results (FPU WinMark)
Figure 18.36: Pentium 4 1.5 GHz test results (3DMark2000)
Processor — Intel Pentium 4 1.7 GHz (Willamette core, 8 KB L1 cache, 256 KB L2 cache, processor core frequency operation, nominal processor-bus frequency of 100 MHz that ensures a data-transfer rate of 400 MHz, 1.75 V core supply, Socket 423)
Motherboard — Asus P4T (Intel 850 chipset, BIOS 1004 Final, 3/30/01)
Hard disk — IBM Deskstar 75GXP (45 GB, 2 MB cache memory, 7,200 rpm, Ultra ATA/100)
RAM — Buffalo PC800, 2x128 MB, ECC RDRAM
Video adapter — Nvidia GeForce3 64 MB (200 MHz core, 230 MHz memory, DDR)
CD-ROM drive — Asus CD-S400/A (40x)
Operating system — Windows 2000 Professional (SP1)
The overclocking modes were set by increasing the processor-bus frequency.
The following tests were used: Business Winstone 2001, SYSmark 2000, and 3DMark2001. Testing results are presented in Table 18.21 and in Figs. 18.37–18.39.
FSB frequency (MHz) | CPU frequency (MHz) | Business Winstone 2001 rating | SYSmark 2000 (Windows Media Encoder 4) rating | 3DMark2001 rating |
---|---|---|---|---|
100 | 1,700 = 100 × 17 | 48.3 | 361 | 5,696 |
120 | 2,040 = 120 × 17 | 51.1 | 393 | 5,757 |
Figure 18.37: Pentium 4 1.7 GHz test results (Business Winstone 2001)
Figure 18.38: Pentium 4 1.7 GHz test results (SYSmark 2000)
Figure 18.39: Pentium 4 1.7 GHz test results (3DMark2001)
The results in Table 18.21 and in Figs. 18.37–18.39 demonstrate that Pentium 4 processors have significant technological reserve.
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