Many books on the UNIX System contain discussions of tools and filters. One excellent work, with lots of examples, is
Powers, Shelley et al. UNIX Power Tools. 3rd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly & Associates, 2002.
A dictionary-like reference, similar in style to the UNIX man pages, is
Robbins, Arnold. UNIX in a Nutshell. 4th ed. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2005.
Information on GNU project tools, and how to obtain them, is available at the GNU web site, http://www.gnu.org/.