Appendix A. ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) Character Set

This appendix presents the set of ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) characters, along with their equivalent values in decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. This character set suffices for English and languages that can be written using just the English alphabet, plus the major Western European languages. The lower half of this set of characters is identical to traditional ASCII . Table A-1 shows nonprinting characters; it's useful when you need to represent nonprinting characters in some printed form, such as octal. For example, the echo and tr commands let you specify characters using octal values of the form \nnn. Also, the od command can display nonprinting characters in a variety of forms.

Table A-2 shows printing characters. This table is useful when using the previous commands, but also when specifying a range of characters in a pattern-matching construct. The characters from decimal 128 159 are not used in Latin-1.

Table A-1. Nonprinting characters

Decimal	Octal	Hex	Character	Remark
0	000	00	CTRL-@	NUL (Null prompt)
1	001	01	CTRL-A	SOH (Start of heading)
2	002	02	CTRL-B	STX (Start of text)
3	003	03	CTRL-C	ETX (End of text)
4	004	04	CTRL-D	EOT (End of transmission)
5	005	05	CTRL-E	ENQ (Enquiry)
6	006	06	CTRL-F	ACK (Acknowledge)
7	007	07	CTRL-G	BEL (Bell)
8	010	08	CTRL-H	BS (Backspace)
9	011	09	CTRL-I	HT (Horizontal tab)
10	012	0A	CTRL-J	LF (Linefeed)
11	013	0B	CTRL-K	VT (Vertical tab)
12	014	0C	CTRL-L	FF (Formfeed)
13	015	0D	CTRL-M	CR (Carriage return)
14	016	0E	CTRL-N	SO (Shift out)
15	017	0F	CTRL-O	SI (Shift in)
16	020	10	CTRL-P	DLE (Data link escape)
17	021	11	CTRL-Q	DC1 (XON)
18	022	12	CTRL-R	DC2
19	023	13	CTRL-S	DC3 (XOFF)
20	024	14	CTRL-T	DC4
21	025	15	CTRL-U	NAK (Negative acknowledge)
22	026	16	CTRL-V	SYN (Synchronous idle)
23	027	17	CTRL-W	ETB (End transmission blocks)
24	030	18	CTRL-X	CAN (Cancel)
25	031	19	CTRL-Y	EM (End of medium)
26	032	1A	CTRL-Z	SUB (Substitute)
27	033	1B	CTRL-[	ESC (Escape)
28	034	1C	CTRL-\	FS (File separator)
29	035	1D	CTRL-]	GS (Group separator)
30	036	1E	CTRL-^	RS (Record separator)
31	037	1F	CTRL-_	US (Unit separator)
127	177	7F		DEL (Delete or rubout)

Table A-2. Printing characters

Decimal	Octal	Hex	Character	Remark
32	040	20		Space
33	041	21	!	Exclamation point
34	042	22	"	Double quote
35	043	23	#	Number sign
36	044	24	$	Dollar sign
37	045	25	%	Percent sign
38	046	26	&	Ampersand
39	047	27	'	Apostrophe
40	050	28	(	Left parenthesis
41	051	29	)	Right parenthesis
42	052	2A	*	Asterisk
43	053	2B	+	Plus sign
44	054	2C	,	Comma
45	055	2D	-	Hyphen
46	056	2E	.	Period
47	057	2F	/	Slash
48	060	30	0
49	061	31	1
50	062	32	2
51	063	33	3
52	064	34	4
53	065	35	5
54	066	36	6
55	067	37	7
56	070	38	8
57	071	39	9
58	072	3A	:	Colon
59	073	3B	;	Semicolon
60	074	3C	<	Left angle bracket
61	075	3D	=	Equal sign
62	076	3E	>	Right angle bracket
63	077	3F	?	Question mark
64	100	40	@	At sign
65	101	41	A
66	102	42	B
67	103	43	C
68	104	44	D
69	105	45	E
70	106	46	F
71	107	47	G
72	110	48	H
73	111	49	I
74	112	4A	J
75	113	4B	K
76	114	4C	L
77	115	4D	M
78	116	4E	N
79	117	4F	O
80	120	50	P
81	121	51	Q
82	122	52	R
83	123	53	S
84	124	54	T
85	125	55	U
86	126	56	V
87	127	57	W
88	130	58	X
89	131	59	Y
90	132	5A	Z
91	133	5B	[	Left square bracket
92	134	5C	\	Backslash
93	135	5D	]	Right square bracket
94	136	5E	^	Caret
95	137	5F	_	Underscore
96	140	60	'	Back quote
97	141	61	a
98	142	62	b
99	143	63	c
100	144	64	d
101	145	65	e
102	146	66	f
103	147	67	g
104	150	68	h
105	151	69	i
106	152	6A	j
107	153	6B	k
108	154	6C	l
109	155	6D	m
110	156	6E	n
111	157	6F	o
112	160	70	p
113	161	71	q
114	162	72	r
115	163	73	s
116	164	74	t
117	165	75	u
118	166	76	v
119	167	77	w
120	170	78	x
121	171	79	y
122	172	7A	z
123	173	7B	{	Left curly brace
124	174	7C	|	Vertical bar
125	175	7D	}	Right curly brace
126	176	7E	~	Tilde
160	240	A0		Non-breaking space
161	241	A1	¡	Inverted exclamation
162	242	A2	¢	Cent sign
163	243	A3	£	Pound sign (British currency)
164	244	A4	¤	Currency sign
165	245	A5	¥	Yen sign
166	246	A6	|	Broken bar
167	247	A7	§	Section symbol
168	250	A8	̈	Umlaut or diaeresis
169	251	A9	©	Copyright symbol
170	252	AA	ª	Feminine ordinal
171	253	AB	«	Left angle quotes
172	254	AC	¬	Logical not symbol
173	255	AD	-	Soft hyphen
174	256	AE	®	Registered trademark symbol
175	257	AF	-	Spacing macron
176	260	B0	¬	Degree sign
177	261	B1	±	Plus-minus
178	262	B2	2	Superscript 2
179	263	B3	3	Superscript 3
180	264	B4	'	Spacing acute
181	265	B5	m	Micro sign
182	266	B6	¶	Paragraph symbol
183	267	B7	·	Middle dot
184	270	B8	¸	Spacing cedilia
185	271	B9	i	Superscript 1
186	272	BA	º	Masculine ordinal
187	273	BB	»	Right angle quotes
188	274	BC	1/4	One-fourth
189	275	BD	1/2	One-half
190	276	BE	3/4	Three-fourths
191	277	BF	¿	Inverted question mark
192	300	C0	À	A with grave accent
193	301	C1	Á	A with acute accent
194	302	C2	Â	A with circumflex
195	303	C3	Ã	A with tilde
196	304	C4	Ä	A with umlaut
197	305	C5	Å	A with ring accent
198	306	C6	Æ	AE ligature
199	307	C7	Ç	C with cedilia
200	310	C8	È	E with grave accent
201	311	C9	É	E with acute accent
202	312	CA	Ê	E with circumflex
203	313	CB	Ë	E with umlaut
204	314	CC	Ì	I with grave accent
205	315	CD	í	I with acute accent
206	316	CE	Î	I with circumflex
207	317	CF	Ï	I with umlaut
208	320	D0	D	Eth (Icelandic)
209	321	D1	Ñ	N with tilde
210	322	D2	Ò	O with grave accent
211	323	D3	Ó	O with acute accent
212	324	D4	Ô	O with circumflex
213	325	D5	Õ	O with tilde
214	326	D6	Ö	O with umlaut
215	327	D7	x	Multiplication sign
216	330	D8	Ø	O with slash
217	331	D9	Ù	U with grave accent
218	332	DA	Ú	U with acute accent
219	333	DB	û	U with circumflex
220	334	DC	Ü	U with umlaut
221	335	DD		Y with acute accent
222	336	DE		Thorn (Icelandic)
223	337	DF	ß	Sharp s
224	340	E0	à	a with grave accent
225	341	E1	á	a with acute accent
226	342	E2	â	a with circumflex
227	343	E3	ã	a with tilde
228	344	E4	ä	a with umlaut
229	345	E5	å	a with ring accent
230	346	E6	æ	ae ligature
231	347	E7	ç	c with cedilia
232	350	E8	è	e with grave accent
233	351	E9	é	e with acute accent
234	352	EA	ê	e with circumflex
235	353	EB	ë	e with umlaut
236	354	EC	ì	i with grave accent
237	355	ED	í	i with acute accent
238	356	EE	î	i with circumflex
239	357	EF	ï	i with umlaut
240	360	F0	D	eth (Icelandic)
241	361	F1	ñ	n with tilde
242	362	F2	ò	o with grave accent
243	363	F3	ó	o with acute accent
244	364	F4	ô	o with circumflex
245	365	F5	õ	o with tilde
246	366	F6	ö	o with umlaut
247	367	F7		Division sign
248	370	F8	Ø	o with slash
249	371	F9	ù	u with grave accent
250	372	FA	ú	u with acute accent
251	373	FB	Û	u with circumflex
252	374	FC	ü	u with umlaut
253	375	FD		y with acute accent
254	376	FE		thorn (Icelandic)
255	377	FF	ÿ	y with umlaut