How to Use This Book

In code listings, line numbers have been added for reference purposes. These line numbers aren't part of the code. The code used in this book is also on this book's web site at http://www.samspublishing.com.

This book uses different typefaces to differentiate between code and regular English. Text that you type and text that appears on your screen is presented in monospace type.

It will look like this to mimic the way text looks on your screen.

Placeholders for variables and expressions appear in monospace italic font. You should replace the placeholder with the specific value it represents.

In addition, the following elements appear throughout the book:

By the Way

Notes provide you with comments and asides about the topic at hand.