19.1. Overview of SQL ServerAs with any piece of complex software, SQL Server comes in multiple configurations. Based on a particular organization's needs, the appropriate edition can be selected to minimize both cost and extraneous components. SQL Server 2005 comes in four primary editions and two specialized editions for a total of six from which to choose. They include the workgroup edition, standard edition, enterprise edition, developer edition, mobile edition, and express edition. Consult Microsoft documentation for the differences between the editions. 19.1.1. Connecting to and Administering SQL ServerSQL Server 2005 can be administered from the GUI or from the command line. Versions up to 2000 are administered using the Enterprise Manager, and 2005 is administered with the SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS). This tool combines many of the previous individual tools, such as the Query Analyzer and the Analysis Manger, into one. For those who prefer the command line, a new program called SQLCMD. EXE is provided in 2005. This tool replaces OSQL.EXE and ISQL.exe from previous versions. In addition, the bulk data import and export program, BCP.EXE, is included to facilitate faster exports and imports of data to and from SQL Server databases. 19.1.2. SQL Server AuthenticationBecause of its integration with Active Directory, there are multiple ways to authenticate database users. 19.1.2.1. User authenticationSQL Server offers user authentication either through Windows Active Directory integration or from SQL Server user accounts. There is greater control over access when using Active Directory-integrated authentication, either through permissions on specific user accounts or through group permissions. 19.1.2.2. Service authenticationThe actual SQL Server service has two different types of authentication available that allow the service to start:
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