Chapter 2

I l @ ve RuBoard

They are called functions.
A syntax error is a violation of the rules governing how sentences or programs are put together. Here's an example in English: "Me speak English good." Here's an example in C:
```
 printf"Where are the parentheses?";. 
```
A semantic error is one of meaning. Here's an example in English: "This sentence is excellent Italian." Here's a C example:
```
 thrice_n = 3 + n; 
```
Line 1: Begin the line with a # ; spell the file stdio.h ; place the filename within angle brackets.

Line 2: Use () , not {} ; end comment with */ , not /* .

Line 3: Use { , not ( .

Line 4: Complete the statement with a semicolon.

Line 5: Mr. I.B.M. got this one (the blank line) right!

Line 6: Use = , not := for assignment. (Apparently, Mr. I.B.M. knows a little Pascal.) Use 52, not 56, weeks per year.

Line 7: Should be
```
 printf("There are %d weeks in a year.\n", s); 
```
Line 9: There isn't a line 9, but there should be, and it should consist of the closing brace , } .

Here's how the code looks after these changes:
```
 #include <stdio.h> int main(void) /* this prints the number of weeks in a year */ {     int s;     s = 52;     printf("There are %d weeks in a year.\n", s);     return 0; } 
```
1. Baa Baa Black Sheep.Have you any wool?
  
  (Note that there is no space after the period. You could have had a space by using " Have instead of "Have .)
2. ```
 Begone! O creature of lard! 
```
  (Note that the cursor is left at the end of the second line.)
3. ```
 What? No/nBonzo? 
```
  (Note that the slash ( / ) does not have the same effect as the backslash \ ; it simply prints as a slash.)
4. 2 + 2 = 4
  
  (Note how each %d is replaced by the corresponding variable value from the list. Note, too, that + means addition and that calculation can be done inside a printf() statement.)
int and char ( main is a function name , and = is an operator).
printf("There were %d words and %d lines.\n", words, lines);
After line 7, a is 5 and b is 2. After line 8, both a and b are 5. After line 9, both a and b are still 5. Note that a can't be 2 because by the time you say a = b; , b has already been changed to 5.

I l @ ve RuBoard