CHAPTER 10

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1. The various standardization bodies are

   • American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

   • Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC)

   • Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS)

   • Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (CableLabs)

   • European Committee for Standardization (CEN)

   • European Committee for Electrotechnical Standards (CENELEC)

   • European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA)

   • Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)

   • European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

   • Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

   • International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

   • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

   • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

   • Internet Society (ISOC)

   • International Telecommunications Union (ITU)

   • Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

   • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

     A number of industry consortia and special interest groups (SIGs) formulate the telecommunications specifications. Some such consortia and groups are

   • 10 Gigabit Ethernet Alliance

   • ATM Forum

   • Bluetooth SIG

   • CDMA Development Group

   • DSL Forum

   • Enterprise Computer Technology Forum

   • Frame Relay Forum

   • HomeRF Working Group

   • International Multimedia Telecommunications Consortium

   • Infrared Data Association

   • Object Management Group

   • Personal Communications Industry Association

   • Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

   • Satellite Broadcasting and Communications Association

   • SONET Interoperability Forum

   • Society for Motion Picture & Television Engineers

   • WAP Forum

   • Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance

   • Wireless LAN Association

2. To plan and design a cellular mobile communication system, a radio survey needs to be carried out. A radio survey involves study of the terrain and deciding where to install the base stations. The radio propagation characteristics need to be studied for which computer models are available. Leading mobile communication equipment suppliers such as Motorola, Ericsson, and Nokia provide these tools.

3. BER is a design parameter. You need to find out the BER required for the communication system being designed. For this BER, the modulation technique, which requires the least energy per bit, is the best. However, other considerations such as the implementation complexity or cost of the modulator/demodulator also play an important role while choosing a modulation technique.

4. The standards for various types of LANs have been formulated by the professional body IEEE. IEEE 802.3 LAN is based on the Ethernet, FDDI is for optical fiber–based LANs, and IEEE 802.11 is for wireless LAN. You can design a backbone network based on fiber and then interconnect 802.3 LANs and wireless LANs to obtain a campus-wide network.

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