Section 12.5. The Device Manager | Windows Vista for Starters: The Missing Manual

12.5. The Device Manager

The Device Manager is a technical but extremely powerful tool that lets you troubleshoot and update drivers for gear you've already installed. It's a master list of every component that makes up your PC: floppy drive, CD-ROM drive, keyboard, modem, and so on (Figure 12-4). It's also a status screen that lets you know which drivers are working properly, and which ones need some attention.

Figure 12-4. The Device Manager lists types of equipment; to see the actual model(s) in each category, you must expand each sublist by clicking the + symbol. A device that's having problems is easy to spot, thanks to the red Xs and yellow exclamation points.

You can open the Device Manager in any of three ways:

Right-click Computer (in your Start menu or on the desktop); choose Properties from the shortcut menu. In the Systems Properties dialog box, click the Device Manager link at top left.
Choose Start Control Panel; in Classic view, double-click Device Manager.
Choose Start Run. In the Run dialog box, type devmgmt.msc and press Enter.

In each of these cases, you're asked to authenticate yourself (Section 6.3). You then arrive at the screen shown in Figure 12-4.

12.5.1. Red Xs and Yellow !s: Resolving Conflicts

A yellow exclamation point next to the name indicates a problem with the device's driver. It could mean that either you or Windows installed the wrong driver, or that the device is fighting for resources being used by another component. It could also mean that a driver can't find the equipment it's supposed to control. That's what happens to your Webcam driver, for example, if you've detached the Webcam.

A red X next to a component's name usually indicates either that it just isn't working, or that you've deliberately disabled it, as described below. At other times, the X is the result of a serious incompatibility between the component and your computer, or the component and Windows. In that case, a call to the manufacturer's help line is almost certainly in your future.

Tip: To find out which company actually created a certain driver, double-click the component's name in the Device Manager. In the resulting Properties dialog box, click the Driver tab, where you'll see the name of the company, the date the driver was created, the version of the driver, and so on.

12.5.1.1. Duplicate devices

If the Device Manager displays icons for duplicate devices (for example, two modems), remove both of them. (Right-click each, and then choose Uninstall from the shortcut menu.) If you remove only one, Windows will find it again the next time the PC starts up, and you'll have duplicate devices again.

If Windows asks if you want to restart your computer after you remove the first icon, click No, and then delete the second one. Windows won't ask again after you remove the second incarnation; you have to restart your computer manually.

When the PC starts up again, Windows finds the hardware device and installs it (only once this time). Open the Device Manager and make sure that there's only one of everything. If not, contact the manufacturer's help line.

12.5.1.2. Resolving resource conflicts

If the "red X" problem isn't caused by a duplicate component, double-click the component's name. Here you'll find an explanation of the problem, which is often a conflict in resources (see Figure 12-5).

Figure 12-5. The General tab should have all the information you need to resolve a problem. Any resource with a conflict is marked with a red X "not working" icon. If you click "Check for solutions," your PC sends a silent signal back to the mother ship, Microsoft, in hopes of finding that there's a newer driver or a compatibility patch available for downloading.

12.5.2. Turning Components Off

If you click to select the name of a component, the icons at the top of the Device Manager window spring to life. The one on the far right is the Disable button (Figure 12-4), which makes your PC treat the component in question as though it's not even there.

You can use this function to test device conflicts. For example, if a red X indicates that there's a resource conflict, you can disable one of the two gadgets, which may clear up a problem with its competitor.

When you disable a component, a red X appears next to the component's listing in the Device Manager. To undo your action, click the device's name and click the Enable button in the toolbar (formerly the Disable button).

12.5.3. Updating Drivers

If you get your hands on a new, more powerful (or more reliable) driver for a device, you can use the Device Manager to install it.

Tip: Newer isn't always better, however; in the world of Windows, the rule "If it ain't broke, don't fix it" contains a grain of truth the size of Texas.

WORKAROUND WORKSHOP
The Add Hardware Wizard

Microsoft really, really hopes that you'll never need the Add Hardware Wizard. (But if you do, choose Start Control Panel; in Classic view, double-click Add Hardware.)

This little program is a holdover from Windows past, designed for very old, pre-Plug-and-Play gadgets that Windows doesn't autorecognize when you plug them in.

Begin by connecting the new gear; turn off the computer first, if necessary. Turn the machine on again, and then open the Add Hardware Wizard program.

The wizard makes another attempt to detect the new equipment and install its driver. If a happy little "Found New Hardware" balloon appears in your notification area, all is well; the wizard's work is done. If not, you're walked through the process of specifying exactly what kind of gadget seems to have gone missing, choosing its manufacturer, inserting its driver disc, and so on.

Install the hardware that I manually select from a list . If you choose this option and click Next (or if the previous option fails), the wizard displays a list of device types, as shown here. From that list, find and select the type of hardware you want to install"Imaging devices" for a digital camera or a scanner, for example, "PCMCIA adapters" for a PC card, and so on. (Click Show All Devices if you can't figure out which category to choose.)

Click Next to forge on through the wizard pages. You may be asked to select a port or configure other settings. When you click the Finish button on the last screen, Windows transfers the drivers to your hard drive. (Along the way, you may be instructed to insert the Windows Vista DVD.) As a final step, you may be asked to restart the PC.

In the Device Manager, click the component's name, and then click the Update Driver Software button in the toolbar (identified in Figure 12-4). The Update Device Driver Wizard walks you through the process.

Along the way, the wizard offers to search for a better driver, or to display a list of drivers in a certain folder so you can make your own selection. In either case, you may have to restart the PC to put the newly installed driver into service.

12.5.4. Driver Rollback

Suppose that you, the increasingly proficient PC user , have indeed downloaded a new driver for some componentyour scanner, sayand successfully installed it using the instructions in the previous paragraphs. Life is sweetuntil you discover that your scanner no longer scans in color .

In this situation, you'd probably give quite a bit for the chance to return to the previous driver, which, though older, seemed to work better. That's the beauty of Driver Rollback. To find it, open the Device Manager (Section 12.5), click the component in question, and then click the Properties button. There, you'll find the Roll Back Driver button (shown in Figure 12-6).

Figure 12-6. When you double-click a component listed in your Device Manager and then click the Driver tab, you find four buttons and a lot of information. The Driver Provider information, for example, lets you know who is responsible for your current driverMicrosoft or the maker of the component. Click the Driver Details button to find out where on your hard drive the actual driver file is. Or click Update Driver to install a newer version, the Roll Back Driver button to reinstate the earlier version, or the Uninstall button to remove the driver from your system entirelya drastic decision.
Incidentally, you can also get to the Roll Back Driver button in the Properties dialog box for a device. To get there, double-click the component's name, and then click the Driver tab shown here.

Windows Vista, forgiving as always, instantly undoes the installation of the newer driver, and reinstates the previous driver.