Section 16.1. Finding and Searching Groups | iPhone: The Missing Manual, 4th Edition

16.1. Finding and Searching Groups

Google Groups is the biggest and most famous community of discussions; it tends to hog a lot of attention due to its Usenet pedigree. But it's not the only discussion game in town.

UP TO SPEED
A Brief History of Newsgroups

All the big portal players (Yahoo, MSN, AOL, and Google) host their own discussion groups. But their origins were far humbler.

These Web-based groups morphed out of a bulletin board system called Usenet , which was started in 1979 by two graduate students at Duke University. Like the Internet, Usenet was a decentralized global network of computers. But unlike the Internet, Usenet was designed solely to carry the traffic of a massive collection of typed discussions newsgroups .

These groups were organized by topic; anyone could jump in with a comment (also called posts, articles , or postings ) at any time. The system caught on; soon, hundreds of thousands of people participated in newsgroupson topics ranging from aviation to zoologymaking Usenet one of the first popular systems for online communication.

Before the Web arrived, Internet service providers offered access to Usenet. People who participated in newsgroups read and sent messages using software programs called newsreaders , which were something like email programs. In fact, many email programs, including Outlook Express, Entourage, and Mozilla Thunderbird, can also read newsgroups; you can send and receive newsgroup messages just like email. You do have to configure your mail program to get the messages from your favorite newsgroups, so if you're just starting out, exploring newsgroups through the Web is easier.

Because it was sprawled over multiple servers and stuffed with data, Usenet was a hard network for the ISP's and other Usenet hosts to maintain. As a result, most ISPs eventually limited or even eliminated your access to newsgroups. On top of that limitation, the email-like interface of newsreaders was a convenient way for individuals to get messages, but it didn't provide a good way to search newsgroups. And if you participated in a lot of active groups, you could tie up your phone lines (not to mention your free time) forever.

Meanwhile, the Internet was turning into a better environment for online communication. In particular, people liked using this groovy new part of the Internet called the World Wide Web to read stuff.

In 1995, Deja News created a Web site that let people read and participate in the thousands of existing Usenet groups without requiring a newsreader. At DejaNews.com, you could search for keywords in articles and group titles, and read and join groupsall right on a Web page. It was a glorious development because you could actually find older stuff on Usenet without spending a month swimming through the reservoirs of old posts in your newsreader archives.

Deja was eventually, and perhaps inevitably, snapped up by Google. Today, you can go to Google. com, click Groups, and search and read newsgroups with amazing efficiency. You can find all the old newsgroupsthe Deja archives and even the original Usenet groups dating back to 1981in Google Groups.

Yahoo, America Online, and MSN offer similar groups. These groups are separate communities, though; if you post about your 1971 Dodge Dart in the vintage cars group on AOL, nobody in Yahoo or MSN's car groups can see it.

You may have to browse until you find a group that feels like home, but you can find or make a group on anything and everything. To give you some idea of what's out there (and what to expect once you get there), the next few pages take you on a tour of the bigger players in the discussion groups game: Google, Yahoo, MSN, and AOL.

Tip: In addition to groups hosted by the big guys, there are thousands upon thousands of other discussion forums around the Web, including those hosted by gaming and music sites. While posts from many forums show up in standard search engine results, a search engine dedicated to tracking down all the ongoing conversations can help you zero in on topics you'd like to join. If you're bored with the boards you're on already or haven't found a good one yet, try searching for new conversations with specialized search sites like BoardTracker (www.boardtracker.com) or Board-Reader (www.boardreader.com ).

16.1.1. Google Groups

Google has hosted Usenet newsgroups under the name Google Groups since 2001. You can see it at http://groups.google.com.

The Big G recently gave the whole enterprise a speed boost; new postings to the boards now appear online in about 10 seconds. (In that time, they also become available for searching when you use the Search Groups box described in Section 16.1.1.3.) Google Groups now includes thousands of very active groups, plus the Usenet archivesall of which total about a billion messages and counting.

The biggest advantage of being part of the Google family is that the groups and their archives now appear as Web pages, with the power of the Google search system built right in. You can look up information by keyword, by date, even by author, and you're bound to find something juicy every time you dive in.

To create, join in, and post messages in Google Groups, you need to sign up for a free Google Account. A Google Account isn't the same thing as a Gmail account (Section 14.1.4.2); but if you already have a Gmail user name and password, you can use it for Groups. There's a Sign Up link on the front page of Google Groups, shown in Figure 16-1.

As you click through the screens during the account-creation process, you can pick an online nickname that will appear on your messages. If so inclined, you can also fill out a biographical profile: your geographic location, blog address (if you have one), and favorite inspirational quote.

Figure 16-1. Listing every single Google Group on the main page might make your eyeballs melt, so Google gives you a "Find a group" search box right up front so you can search for topics that interest you instead of staggering through a list the size of the Shanghai phone book. The Search box at the top of the page lets you search for keywords within Group postings. Google lists some of the popular groups on the page as well, and gives you the opportunity to start your very own group at the bottom. Of course, to do that, you need a Google Account, and you can either sign up or sign in to one on the right side of the page.

16.1.1.1. Using Google Groups

There are two ways of finding discussion groups to join on Google. This is Google, after all, so searching for groups by keyword or topic is one option. Using the "Find a group" box on the main Groups page, you can seek out topics you're interested in, like ferret care or dulcimer playing.

If you prefer to just poke around, click the "Browse group categories" link. On the resulting Group Directory page, Google neatly clumps all its groups into categories arranged by:

Topic . Broad categories like Arts and Entertainment, Computers, and Recreation are listed, as well as how many groups are nestled under this topic. Click the topic that interests you to see the subtopics, and keep clicking until you arrive at the group concerning your specific area of interest. If you click through Recreation to Antiques, you can see a list of all the groups discussing various collectibles , from Fiestaware to ancient Roman coins .
Region . International groups are divided up by geographic location, from Asia to the United States. Once again, you can click from region to country, narrowing your search all the way to groups devoted to traditional Irish step- dancing . As you might expect, many groups in the Region area are in other languages, but you can focus on the ones in English by clicking the English link at the top of the page.
Language . To find only groups with postings in other languages, click the tongue of your choice in the Language category to find groups. That's how you find people discussing photography in German or the nuances of Outlook Express in Japanese.
Activity . The posts fly fast and furious in some groupsand show up once in a blue moon in others. To focus on groups where there's lots of discussion, click the links under Activity: High, Medium, or Low message traffic.
Members . You can see groups sorted according to membership size with the options under the Members area.

Note: There may be some variation in the wording, but the corresponding group home pages on Yahoo Groups and the other portals break out major topics almost exactly the same way as Google. All the sites may have group discussions devoted to sailboating, so if you don't like the personality mix or info offered on Google, try one of the other group gatherings.

There's also a "Browse all of Usenet" link that lets you drive by all the groups created by Google Groups members and takes you to all the old-school Usenet newsgroups (Section 16.1), many of which are still very lively.

When you click a category link on the Group Directory page, all the groups that fall under it are displayed in a list, along with a brief TV Guidestyle capsule description for each ("Shortwave radio enthusiasts " or "A group for Grateful Dead-heads"). You also see how many members are in the group and how active it is. Click a group's name to go to its page.

Note: Some groups require formal membership before you can participate in the discussion. Members-only groups are labeled as " restricted" in the description. To join a restricted group, click "Apply for membership" to send a message to the group's owner or moderator for approval. Some restricted groups are also listed as " invitation only"; click "Send email to owner" to compose and send your humble request.

If the group belongs to Usenet or has an open membership, you see all the recent posts and topics under discussion by its members. Each topic title is a link; click to see all the responses to the original message (Figure 16-2).

Figure 16-2. As you read through the posts on the right side of the screen, you can see the discussion thread on the left that shows who participated. Click a link in the thread to jump directly to that person's post.

To respond to someone's comment, click Reply, and type your message in the resulting text box. Once you finish, click Preview to proofread your message or Post to add it to the ongoing discussion.

If you want to take the conversational lead, click "Start a new topic," found at the top of each Google Group's home page.

Note: Each Google Group's page offers a link that lets you subscribe to a group, but that's not the same as becoming a member. Instead, this link adds the group to your My Groups list: a clickable list of all the groups you've joined. The idea is to keep your favorites all in one tidy list, so you don't have to search or browse to find the groups you like to track.

16.1.1.2. Usenet groups on Google

The old-school Usenet groups are organized by categories, subcategories , subsubcategories, and so on, until you hit a specific topic. Each topic has many discussions (also known as threads ) associated with it, and each discussion is made up of one or more posts.

Just to make sure you know you're in geekland, Usenet groups have a peculiar naming system. Top-level categories, like those listed in Figure 16-3, are called hierarchies . All newsgroups fit into a hierarchy, as indicated by the first part of a group's name ( aol , for example, for discussions related to America Online). Subsequent parts of a name consist of subcategories and then, finally, specific topics.

Figure 16-3. Usenet used to take center stage in Google Groups. Even though the company has changed things up a bit on the Groups home page, you can still find all your quirky Usenet faves in their own sections.

Each part is separated by a period (or dot ). For example, the sci . (science) hierarchy has a subcategory called Agriculture, which has four topics: sci.agriculture.beekeeping, sci.agriculture.fruit, sci.agriculture.poultry , and sci.agriculture.rarites . In the beekeeping topic, a recent thread was called "Swarm prevention by foundation in the brood nest," and it had 10 posts.

Note: Usenet group names always have at least two partsa hierarchy and a categoryand sometimes five or more subcategories (for example, alt.collecting.beanie-babies.discussion. moderated ).

The Usenet area of Google Groups lists more than 1,000 hierarchies. Some of the most active are described in the following list.

Alt . Stands for alternative, but might as well mean "anything goes." The topicsover 15,000are sometimes very specific ( alt.minneapolis.the-other-minnesota ), and the conversations are often freewheeling.
Comp . Short for computers: hardware, software, operating systems, theory, and more. You've just hit the Geekville city limits.
Misc . Miscellaneouswhich is odd, because most Usenet hierarchies carry pretty random groups. Notably, Misc. contains some employment and forsale groups like misc.jobs.fields. chemistry and misc.forsale-computers , plus misc. kids , misc.rural , and misc.metric-system .
News . Info about Usenet itself not current events. (For current events, see the Talk. hierarchy.)
Rec . Recreation and entertainment, including arts, aviation, food, games , hobbies, humor, knives, music, outdoors, sports, travel, and so on.
Sci . Science of all kinds: aeronautics, cognition, cryonics, the environment, language, and physics, to name a few. And larger discussions of science, like sci.skeptics .
Soc . Social issues. A few groups here get the most activity, including soc.culture (which covers countries , like soc.culture. australia or soc.culture.cornish ); other active groups include soc.geneology, soc.history , and soc.religion .
Talk . Current issues, especially those that lend themselves to controversy and debate. Politics and religions are hot. Talk.meow , however, appears to be floating facedown, drowned in a pool of spam.

16.1.1.3. Searching Google's archives

Many groups permit full searching through their archives all the messages ever posted there. When browsing for a group, check its description to see whether it keeps a message archive for newer members to search or look through. Yahoo and Google, for example, let only members of a group search through past posts.

Since Google Groups contains the complete Usenet archive dating back to 1981, this is where you'll have the most luck searching; this material has been open to the public forever. You can search in all Google Groups (type your query into the search box on the main Groups page), or within a single hierarchy or any subcategory (Section 16.1.1.2).

Figure 16-4 shows a Google Groups results page that looks a lot like a regular Google listing, with your results along the left and a few ads (a.k.a. sponsored links) along the right.

UP TO SPEED
Godwin's Law

The subculture of Usenet newsgroups has done its part to contribute to the English language. The terms spam and FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) first appeared on Usenet, which also popularized troll (losers who purposely pick fights with other people in newsgroups) and flame ( angry personal attacks).

And speaking of flames: long-running feuds between prolific posters are common. This tiresome tendency even inspired Godwin's Law (also known as Godwin's Rule of Nazi Analogies).

Godwin's Law, an Internet adage coined in 1990 by lawyer Mike Godwin states: As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches one .

Many Usenet newsgrouppers hold that once someone invokes the Nazi comparison, the discussion thread is over, and whoever brought Hitler into the debate has officially lost the argument.

Figure 16-4. A roundup of all the newsgroups discussing "Project Runway." Usenet groups are still loud and proud, but there are plenty of newer discussion groups that have sprung up since Google gave Groups a facelift in December 2004. Like many Google services, a strip of sponsored links adorns the right side of the page.

Google normally shows group results listed by relevancejust like regular results. But, in many cases, sorting by date which puts the most recent post at the topgives you much more useful listings. In fact, sorting by date is often the way to go.

For example, if you're searching for a person or event that's been in the news lately, sorting by date (click the link in the upper-right corner) gives you the freshest messages. When you've found a snippet that intrigues you, and you want to read the whole message, click the title. You jump to the message in question, where your search terms are highlighted.

The Google Groups Advanced Search page (Section 3.1.3) gives you a form that lets you specify what you're looking for with even more detail: messages posted within certain date ranges, by author or subject, or even containing exact phrases. It sure beats staggering through the millions of posts looking for that one nugget of information you seek, like how to install Linux on an iPod.

16.1.2. Yahoo Groups

Yahoo Groups has a few million discussions of its own going on at http://groups.yahoo.com, where members post up a storm of messages and pictures. Its main Groups page lists 16 general category links, like Music or Government & Politics, so that you can browse your way down through the listings.

You burrow down from categories to actual messages just as you do on Google Groups: by clicking your way from Hobbies & Crafts to Potato Guns, Juggling, and Pottery, to subcategories, to actual groups. You can search for groups by topic or keyword in the same way, too.

One cool thing about Yahoo's group effort is that, unlike Google, members are allowed to post photos along with text, which can really liven things up visually.

You can browse around without having to sign into the Yahoo mother ship. But if you want to post anywhere , the site asks you to sign in with your Yahoo ID. If you already have one for Yahoo Mail, Messenger, or whatever you may have signed up for before, you can use the same name and password here. If you don't have a Yahoo ID, you have the option to make one this very minutefree of charge, of courseon the Sign-in page.

Also, as with Google, you can create a little biographical profile for yourself; to preserve your privacy, it's best to leave out stuff like your address and phone number.

UP TO SPEED
Groups Therapy

Online communities can be a pleasant distraction for some. But for other people, discussion groups are an oasis in times of trouble. People isolated by geography, culture, society, or health concerns can find solace, sympathy, and shared experiences among like-minded individuals. For people uncomfortable talking about sensitive topics in person or who are just plain shy, virtual reality can be a wonderful thing: You can express your thoughts and feelings from a safe spotor even behind an alias, which can be a very liberating experience.

A good, thorough Web search (Section 3.1.3) on your topic of interest will probably turn up a few results worth checking out, but here are a few sites with message boards or mailing lists designed to help people cope with life's most common big moments.

iVillage . This site is a sprawling Web portal aimed at women and their myriad interests. Its message boards permit members from all walks of life to gather together in text. The Relationships boards are especially active, with discussions about coping with divorce, dating military men, and online matchmaking among the topics. (www.ivillage.com )

About.com . This is a sprawling site packed with problem-solving practical advice written by the site's human and visible Guides. It offers online forums and blogs for many of the subjects it covers, including home-schooling, debt management, and health-related issues. (www.about.com )

HealthyPlace . With 100 message boards to discuss different issues related to mental health, HealthyPlace has plenty of places for members to share their feelings and experiences. (www.healthyplace.com)

The Wellness Community . This nonprofit site is devoted to supporting and educating anyone who's affected in one way or another by cancer. Links to online support groups appear right on its home page. (www.thewellnesscommunity.org)

GriefNet . This site, an online community for people dealing with death and grief , features 60 email support groups to help people cope with major loss. (www.griefnet.org )

Foundations and nonprofit organizations set up to deal with certain social issues may also have links to online support groups, so it's worth a check of the group's Web site for more information.

Yahoo's groups can be either Public or Membership Required. In Public groups, you see posts right away when you click the group's name, and you can post messages without formally joining (although you do have to sign into Yahoo). Members-only groups require that you click the Join This Group link and fill out a form to get in and see postings by other members.

One good thing about members-only groups is that the approval process prevents the random advertising invasion that has turned parts of Usenet into a vast wasteland of spam.

On a group's Yahoo home page, you'll find something called the Message History graphic, which shows how many posts people have generated since the group was formed . If you're a member, click a month to read all the posts generated during that time. Click the Members link on the left side of a group's page to see a list of everyone who belongs to the group along with their Yahoo profiles, if any.

Tip: You can participate in Yahoo discussions entirely by email, if you find that convenient. When you join the group, there's a place on the membership form for an email address of your choice. Furthermore, each group page lists all the email addresses you need to send posts to the group, subscribe, unsubscribe, and so on.

The panel on the left side of a Yahoo group's page gives you plenty of other things to share besides text messages. For instance, you can add pictures to the group's Web page by clicking the Photos link. You can share files like Word documents or PDF files, too, if you think they'd be helpful to the participants of a discussion (click the Files link). Click the Calendars link to create an online calendar for scheduling group activities.

Like Google Groups, ads and sponsored links surround each Groups page (though not the actual message area). These commercial links usually offer products and services related to the discussion topic on the page. They're a small price to pay for keeping in touch with your friends .

16.1.3. MSN Groups

MSN Groups are Microsoft's version of Web-based discussion boards. Each MSN group can be open to the public or entirely private and require an invitation to join. Your first stop on the way to joining one of MSN's Groups is http://groups.msn.com.

To get into a group, you need a Microsoft ID, known as a .NET Passport, or a Hotmail address (Section 14.1.4.3). There are thousands of groups available, all with their own Web sites; you can see the list by clicking Browse Groups on the main page.

Once again, you can click down through categories or perform a search for a discussion topic. MSN includes a graphic next to each group's description: an Activity Meter icon that resembles a speedometer to give you an indication of how busy this particular group is. If the needle's all the way to the right, this is a chatty group indeed.

Many groups let you snoop around without formally joining. Unless you sign up to be a member, though, you can't participate in the group discussion or interact with other members. Some groups, especially those that are women-only or men-only, don't even permit browsing by non-members.

When you have some memberships under your belt, you can check for new messages by clicking the My Groups tab on the main Groups page. Here again, you can read messages posted on the board's Web site or have them delivered to your email inbox.

16.1.4. Groups@AOL

Once the electronic equivalent of a gated community open only to paying subscribers, America Online has been opening up parts of its service to the general Web population for the past few years . For example, its online discussion circles are now available to the public at http://groups.aol.com.

Anyone with an AIM name (Section 15.2.1) or AOL membership can join a group, although only paying AOL members can create new groups. Compared to some of the other services, AOL's Groups aren't as active or organized, and many groups listed on directory pages are obviously posts from spammers.

AOL Groups can be public or private and are run by group members. In contrast, AOL's discussion boards (http://peopleconnection.aol.com/messageboards) are all public and similar in size and scope to the old-school Usenet-style bulletin boards. Topics are set by AOL and some boards are moderated by AOL staffers to remove offensive posts and keep the peace . You can search and read posts without signing up, but you'll need an AOL account or at least a free AIM screen name to post replies. The best thing about the AOL discussion boards? You can choose to ignore messages by people you find obnoxious by clicking the "Ignore" link at the bottom of the offending party's post.