Comparison of the TCP/IP Model and the ISO/OSI Reference ModelThe ISO/OSI reference model is a seven-layer model (which includes the Physical layer), whereas the TCP/IP model is a five-layer model (if you include the Hardware layer).
Figure 2.3 shows how the layers differ between the two models. Note that the Application layer in the TCP/IP model carries out the same function as three of the layers in the ISO/OSI Reference model ”the Application, Presentation, and Session layers. Figure 2.3. TCP/IP model and ISO/OSI reference model layers.
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