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So far in constructing our building we have named each brick (variable). That is fine for a small number of bricks, but what happens when we want to construct something larger? We would like to point to a stack of bricks and say, "That's for the left wall. That's brick 1, brick 2, brick 3. . . ." Arrays allow us to do something similar with variables . An array is a set of consecutive memory locations used to store data. Each item in the array is called an element . The number of elements in an array is called the dimension of the array. A typical array declaration is: // List of data to be sorted and averaged int data_list[3]; This declares data_list to be an array of the three elements data_list[0] , data_list[1], and data_list[2] , which are separate variables. To reference an element of an array, you use a number called the subscript (the number inside the square brackets [ ]). C++ is a funny language and likes to start counting at 0, so these three elements are numbered 0-2.
Example 5-1 computes the total and average of five numbers . Example 5-1. five/five.cpp#include <iostream> float data[5]; // data to average and total float total; // the total of the data items float average; // average of the items int main( ) { data[0] = 34.0; data[1] = 27.0; data[2] = 46.5; data[3] = 82.0; data[4] = 22.0; total = data[0] + data[1] + data[2] + data[3] + data[4]; average = total / 5.0; std::cout << "Total " << total << " Average " << average << '\n'; return (0); } Example 5-1 outputs: Total 211.5 Average 42.3 |
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