| : | null command; returns zero exit status |
| . file | read and execute commands in file |
| break | exit from current enclosing for, select, until, or while loop |
| break n | exit from nth enclosing for, select, until, or while loop |
| cd dir | change directory to dir(default $HOME) |
| cd dir1 dir2 | change to directory where dir1 in current pathname is substituted with dir2 |
| cd ?/span> | change directory to previous directory |
| echo args | display arguments |
| eval cmds | read and execute commands |
| exec I/O-redirection-command | perform I/O redirection on file descriptors |
| exec command | replace current process with command |
| exit | exit from current program with exit status of the last command. If given at command prompt, terminate the login shell. |
| exit n | exit from current program with exit status n |
| export | display list of exported variables |
| export var=val | set var to value and export |
| export vars | export vars |
| false | return non-zero exit status |
| fc l[options] [range] | display range commands from history file according to options. If no range argument given, display last 16 commands.Options can be: | n | do not display command numbers | | r | reverse order (latest commands first) | | and range can be: | | n1 [n2] | display list from command n1 to command n2. If n2 not specified, display all commands from current command back to command n1. | | ?/span>count | display last count commands | | string | display all previous commands back to command that matches string |
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| fc [options] [range] | edit and re-execute range commands from history file according to options. If no range argument given, edit and re-execute last command. Options can be: | e editor | use specified editor (default FCEDIT or / bin/ed) | | r | reverse order (latest commands first) | | and range can be: | | n1 n2 | edit command n1 to command n2 | | n | edit command n | | ?/span>n | edit previous nth command | | string | use all the previous commands back to the command that matches string |
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| fc e ?/span> [old=new] [command] | edit and re-execute command where old=new specified to replace string old with new before executing. If no command argument is given, use last command. The command can be given as: | n | edit and re-execute command number n | | ?/span>n | edit and re-execute last nth command | | string | edit and re-execute most previous command that matches string |
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| getopts optsring name arguments | parse arguments, using optstring as list of valid options; save option letter in name |
| getopts optsring name | parse positional parameters, using optstring as list of valid options; save option letter in name |
| newgrp | change group-id to default group-id |
| newgrp gid | change group id to gid |
| pwd | display pathname of current directory |
| readonly | display a list of readonly variables |
| readonly var | set var to be readonly |
| readonly var=value | set var to value and make it readonly |
| set | display list of current variables and their values |
| set o | display current option settings |
| set args | set positional parameters |
| set ?/span>args | set positional parameters that begin with ?/span> |
| set s | sort positional parameters |
| set ??/span> | unset positional parameters |
| shift | shift positional parameters once left |
| shift n | shift positional parameters n times left |
| test expression | evaluate expression |
| time command | display elapsed, user, and system time spent executing command |
| times | display total user and system time for current Korn shell and its child processes |
| trap commands signals | execute commands when signals are received |
| trap "" signals | ignore signals |
| trap signals, trap ?/span>signals | reset traps to their default values |
| trap commands 0, trap commands EXIT | execute commands on exit |
| trap | display a list of current traps |
| trap commands DEBUG | execute commands after each command is executed |
| trap commands ERR | if errexit ( e) option enabled, execute commands after commands that have a non-zero exit status |
| true | return a non-zero exit status |
| typeset | display a list of current variables and their values |
| ulimit [options] n | set a resource limit to n. If n is not given, the specified resource limit is displayed. If no option given, file size limit ( f) is displayed. | a | displays all current resource limits | | c n | set core dump size limit to n 512-byte blocks | | d n | set data area size limit to n kilobytes | | f n | set child process file write limit to n 512-byte blocks (default) | | m n | set physical memory size limit to n kilobytes | | s n | set stack area size limit to n kilobytes | | t n | set process time limit to n seconds |
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| umask | display current file creation mask value |
| umask mask | set default file creation mask to mask |
| unset var | remove definition of var |
| whence name | display information about name |
| whence v name | display more information about name |
