hierarchical organization: aura of legitimacy in, 92; Big Chief organization transition to, 88, 99; characteristics of, 83, 93, 148; collapse of, 94; decision making in, 128; decreasing returns in, 93-94; description of, 82; in history, 88-90; negative feedback mechanisms in, 93; pyramidal shape of, 90, 93; resistance to change by, 92-94; security of, 90; Sloan's contributions to, 91-92; slow-moving, 90; status quo maintenance in, 94; work process design in, 106