element, inverses, 67
encryption algorithm
RSA, 317
encryption block, 337
equ_l, 141
equivalence relation, 65
EQZ_L, 413
Eratosthenes (276–195 B.C.E.), 3
sieve of Eratosthenes, 213
error codes, 309
error handling, 310
Euclid (third century B.C.E.)
Euclidean algorithm, 167, 168
Euclid (third century B.C.E.), 3, 211
Euler, Leonhard (1707–1783), 4
Euler criterion, 189, 218
Euler phi function, 175, 320
Euler pseudoprime, 218
exception, 311
exponentiation
laws, 79, 252
modular, 217
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