Anderson, K. ( 1992 ). To Meet or Not To Meet: How to Plan and Conduct Effective Meetings . Shawnee Mission, KS: National Press Publications (division of Rockhurst College ).
Anthony, W R., Perrewe, P. L., & Kacmar, K. M. ( 1996 ). Strategic Human Resource Management . Fort Worth, TX: The Dryden Press.
AON Consulting. ( 1997 ). The 1997 Survey of Human Resource Trends . Detroit, MI: AON Consulting, Human Resource Consulting Group .
Assessment centers help target employees for management selection. ( 1993 ). HR Measurements (pp. 1 “2).
ASTD. ( 1998 ). The 1998 National HRD Executive Survey: Leadership Development . Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development. [Online] http://www.astd.org/virtual_community/research/nhrd_executive_survey_98ld.html
ASTD. ( 1997a ). The 1997 National HRD Executive Survey: Trends in HRD . Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development. [Online] http://www.astd.org/virtual_community/research/nhrd_executive_survey_97tr.htm
ASTD. ( 1997b ). The 1997 National HRD Executive Survey: Measurement and Evaluation . Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development. [Online] http://www.astd.org/virtual_community/research/nhrd_executive_survey_97me.htm
Bandura, A. ( 1991 ). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision , 50, 248 “287.
Bassi, L. J., Cheney, S., & Van Buren, M. ( 1997 ). Training industry trends 1997. Training and Development , 51 (11).
Bellman, G. M. ( 1990 ). The Consultant's Calling: Bringing Who You Are to What You Do . San Francisco: Jossey Bass Publishers.
Bennis, W. G. ( 1969 ). Changing organizations. In W. G. Bennis, K. D. Benne, & R. Chin (Eds.), The Planning of Change ( 2 nd ed., pp. 568 “579 ). New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Bennis, W. G. & Mische, M. ( 1995 ). The 21 st Century: Reinventing Through Reengineering . San Diego, CA: Pfeiffer.
Birdwhistell, R. J. ( 1970 ). Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Motion Communication . Quoted in Hamilton, C., with Parker, C. ( 1997 ). Communicating for Results: A Guide for Business and the Professions (p. 158). Belmont, CA: International Thomson Publishing.
Bittel, L. R. & Newstrom, J. W. ( 1996 ). Supervisor development. In R. L. Craig (Ed.), The ASTD Training & Development Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development ( 4 th ed., pp. 651 “658 ). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Blanchard, K., Zigarmi, D., & Zigarmi, P. ( 1994 ). The organization. Situational Leadership II Participant's Workbook . Escondido, CA: Blanchard Training and Development.
Block, P. ( 1981 ). Flawless Consulting: A Guide to Getting Your Expertise Used . Austin, TX: Learning Concepts.
Bowsher, J. E. ( 1989 ). Educating America: Lessons Learned in the Nation's Corporations . New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Brainstorming: A problem solving activity. ( 1974 ). In J. W. Pfeiffer & J. E. Jones (Eds.), A Handbook of Structured Experiences for Human Relations Training ( Volume 3, p. 14 ). LaJolla, CA: University Associates.
Brethower, D. M. ( 1997a ). The future is bright for human performance technology. Performance Improvement , 36 (9) 8 “11.
Brethower, D. M. ( 1997b ). Rapid analysis: Matching solutions to changing situations. Performance Improvement , 36 (10) 16 “21.
Brethower, D. ( 2000 ). The relevance of performance improvement to instructional design. In Piskurich, E.M., Beckeshi, P., and Hall, B. (Eds.), The ASTD Handbook of Training Design and Delivery . New York: McGraw-Hill.
Brethower, D. & Smalley, K. ( 1998 ). Performance-Based Instruction: Linking Training to Business Results . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
Brewington, E. L. ( 1996 ). Management development. In R. L. Craig (Ed.), The ASTD Training & Development Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development ( 4 th ed., pp. 637 “650 ). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Brinkerhoff, R. O. ( 1987 ). Achieving Results from Training: How to Evaluate Human Resource Development to Strengthen Programs and Increase Impact . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Bud Erikson Associates, Inc. ( 1998 ). Problem solving and decision making. [Online] http://www.buderickson.com/psdm.html .
Bunning, R. L. ( 1979 ). The Delphi technique: A projection tool for serious inquiry. In J. W. Pfeiffer & J. E. Jones (Eds.), The 1979 Annual Handbook for Group Facilitators (pp. 174 “181). LaJolla, CA: University Associates.
Butler, K. A. ( 1984 ). Learning and Teaching Style: In Theory and Practice . Maynard, MA: Gabriel Systems.
Campion, M., Cheraskin, L., & Stevens, M. ( 1994 ). Career- related antecedents and outcomes of job rotation. Academy of Management Journal , 37 (15) 18 “42.
Carliner, S. ( 1997 , April ). Adapting the Kirkpatrick model to technical communication products and services. Performance and Instruction , 36 (4) 14 “19.
Carnegie Commission on Higher Education. ( 1973 ). Towards a Learning Society: Alternative Channels to Life, Work, and Service (p. 43). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Carnevale, A. P. ( 1983 ). Human Capital: A High Yield Corporate Investment . Washington, DC: American Society for Training and Development.
Career Assessment Instruments. ( 1998 , December 16 ). [Online] http://careers.Valencia.cc.fl.us/instrument.htm
Carr, C. ( 1994 ). Invasion of the performance interventions. Training , 31 (4) 65 “66.
Chang, R. Y. ( 1992 , October ). Continuous Process Improvement: Info-line Issue 9210 . Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development.
Cheney, S. ( 1996 , January ). Benchmarking: Info-Line Issue 9801 . Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development.
Cleverley, W. O. ( 1997 ). Essentials of Health Care Finance (4 th ed.). Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers.
Conover, D. K. ( 1996 ). Leadership development. In R. L. Craig (Ed.), The ASTD Training & Development Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development ( 4 th ed., pp. 581 “600 ). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Cox, R. A. K., Stout, R. G., & Vetter, D. E. ( 1995 ). Financial Administration & Control . Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
Dalziel, M. M. & Schoonover, S. C. ( 1988 ). Changing Ways: A Practical Tool for Implementing Change within Organizations . New York: AMACOM.
Danford, J. R. ( 1996 , October 15 ). Interview as part of research project to study trends in Adult Instruction and Performance Technology. Warren, MI: General Motors University.
Dean, P. J. ( 1998b ). Performance improvement interventions: Methods for organizational learning. In P. J. Dean and D. E. Ripley (Eds.), Performance Improvement Interventions: Performance Technologies in the Workplace ( Volume 3, pp. 2 “19 ). Washington, DC: International Society for Performance Improvement.
Dean, P. J. ( 1997 ). Engineering performance improvement with or without training. In P. J. Dean and D. E. Ripley (Eds.), Performance Improvement Pathfinders: Models for Organizational Learning Systems (pp. 45 “64). Washington, DC: International Society for Performance Improvement.
Dean, P. J. ( 1998a ). Performance improvement interventions: Methods for organizational learning. In P. J. Dean and D. E. Ripley (Eds.), Performance Improvement Interventions: Instructional Design and Training , ( Volume 2, pp. 2 “19 ). Washington, DC: International Society for Performance Improvement.
Deming, W. E. ( 1982 ). Out of the Crises . Cambridge, MA: Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
Dessinger, J. C. ( 1997 , August ). A 360 ° Approach to Evaluating Distance Learning. Conference Presentation and Proceedings: 14 th Annual Conference on Technology and Education . Oslo, Norway.
Deterline, W. A. ( 1992 ). Feedback systems. In H. S. Stolovitch & E. J. Keeps (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/NSPI.
Deterline, W. A. & Rosenberg, M. J. ( 1992 ). Workplace Productivity: Performance Technology Success Stories . Washington, DC: International Society for Performance Improvement.
De Vito, J. D. ( 1996 ). The learning organization. In R. L. Craig (Ed.), The ASTD Training & Development Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development ( 4 th ed., pp. 77 “103 ). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Dick, W. & King, D. ( 1994 ). Formative evaluation in the performance context. Performance and Instruction , 33 (9) 8.
Dixon, N. M. ( 1992 , Spring ). Organizational learning: A ture with implications for HRD professionals. Human Resource Development Quarterly , 3 (1) p. 213.
DLS Group ( 1996 ). Performance improvement interventions-Defined . Workshop presented at the International Society for Performance Improvement Conference.
Dolence, M. G. & Norris, D. M. ( 1995 ). Transforming Higher Education: A Vision for Learning in the 21 st Century . Ann Arbor , MI: Society for College and University Planning.
Dormant, D. ( 1992 ). Implementing human performance technology in organizations. In H. S. Stolovitch & E. J. Keeps (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology (pp. 167 “186). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/NSPI.
Dormant, D. ( 1997 ). Planning change: Past, present, future. In Kaufman, Thiagarajan, & MacGillis (Eds.), The Guidebook for Performance Improvement: Working with Individuals and Organizations (pp. 429 “452). San Francisco: Pfeiffer.
Doyle, T., Mansfield, A., & Van Tiem, D. ( 1995 ). Technical and skills training suppliers. In L. Kelly (Ed.), The Technical and Skills Training Handbook . New York: McGraw-Hill.
Drucker, P. F. ( 1993 ). Managing for the Future . Oxford, UK: Butterworth Heinemann.
Edvinsson, L. & Malone, M. S. ( 1997 ). Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your Company's True Value by Finding Its Hidden Brainpower . New York: HarperBusiness.
Elsenheimer, J. ( 1998 ). Job aids in the technology age. Performance Improvement , 37 (9).
Esque, T. J. & Patterson, P. A. (Eds.). ( 1998 ). Case Studies in Performance Improvement . Amherst, MA: HRD Press/ISPI.
Eurich, N.P. ( 1985 ). Corporate Classrooms: The Learning Business . Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Felkins, P. K., Charkiris, B. J., & Chakiris, K.N. ( 1993 ). Change Management: A Model for Effective Organizational Performance . White Plains, NY: Quality Resources.
Fisher, K. & Fisher, M. D. ( 1998 ). The Distributed Mind: Achieving High Performance Through the Collective Intelligence of Knowledge Work Teams . New York: AMACOM.
Fitz-enz, J. ( 1991 ). Human Value Management: The Value-Adding Human Resource Management Strategy for the 1990's . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Ford, D. I. ( 1975 ). Nominal group technique: An applied group problem solving activity. In J. W. Pfeiffer & J. E. Jones (Eds.), The 1975 Annual Handbook for Group Facilitators (pp. 35 “39). LaJolla, CA: University Associates.
Fournies, F. F. ( 1988 ). Why Employees Don't Do What They're Supposed to Do and What to Do About It . New York: Liberty Hall Press.
Frame, J. D. ( 1987 ). Managing Projects in Organizations: How to Make the Best Use of Time, Techniques, and People . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Frank, L. R. (Ed.) ( 1999 ). Random House Webster's Quotationary . New York: Random House.
Froiland, P. ( 1994 , January ). Action learning: Taming real problems in real time. Training , 31 27 “34.
Gallagan, P. ( 1991 ). The learning organization made plain: An interview with Peter Senge. Training and Development Journal , 28 (10) 37 “44.
Gatewood, R. D. & Feild, H. S. ( 1994 ). Human Resource Selection (3 rd ed.). Fort Worth, TX: The Dryden Press.
Gayeski, D. M. ( 1998 ). Changing roles and professional challenges for human performance technology. In P. J. Dean & D. E. Ripley (Eds.), Performance Technologies in the Workplace (Volume 3). Washington, DC: International Society for Performance Improvement.
Geis, G. L. ( 1986 ). Human performance technology: An overview. In Introduction to Performance Technology (pp. 1 “20). Washington, DC: National Society for Performance and Instruction.
Geis, G. L., & Smith, M. E. ( 1992 ). The function of evaluation. In H. S. Stolovitch & E. J. Keeps (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology (pp. 130 “150). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/NSPI.
Gerber, B. ( 1991 ). HELP! The rise of performance support systems. Training , 28 (12) 23 “29.
Gery, G. J. ( 1989 ). Training versus performance support: Inadequate training is now insufficient. Performance Improvement Quarterly , 2 (3) 51 “71.
Gibson, J. W. & Hodgetts, R. M. ( 1986 ). Organizational Communication: A Managerial Perspective . Orlando, FL: Academic Press, Inc.
Gilbert, T. F. ( 1978 ). Human Competence: Engineering Worthy Performance . New York: McGraw-Hill.
Gilbert, T. F. ( 1996 ). Human Competence: Engineering Worthy Performance (Tribute ed.). Amherst, MA: HRD Press/ISPI.
Gilbert, T. F. ( 1982 ). A question of performance, part I: The PROBE model. Training and Development Journal , 43 (9) 21 “30.
Gilbert, T. F. ( 1982 ). A question of performance, part II: Applying the PROBE model. Training and Development Journal , 43 (10) p. 214.
Gohrman, A. M. ( 1989 ). Designing Performance Appraisal Systems . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Gordon, J. ( 1995 , May ). Different from what? Diversity as a performance issue, Training , 32 (5), 25 “33.
Grant, D. A. & Moseley, J. L. ( 1999 , July ). Conducting a customer-focused performance analysis, Performance Improvement , 38 (7) 15 “21.
Greer, M. ( 1996 ). The Project Manager's Partner: A Step-by-Step Guide to Project Management . Amherst, MA: HRD Press/ISPI.
Gregorc, A. F. ( 1985 ). Inside Styles: Beyond the Basics . Maynard, MA: Gabriel Systems.
Grossman, L. ( 1974 ). The Change Agent . New York: AMACOM.
Hain, T. ( 1998 , October 15 ). Presentation on GM University to the Michigan Chapter of the International Society for Performance Improvement . Dearborn, MI.
Hale Associates. ( 1993 ). If Training Isn't Everything, What Are the Other Interventions? Workshop presented to the National Society for Performance and Instruction.
Hamilton, C., with Parker, C. ( 1997 ). Communicating for Results: A Guide for Business and the Professions . Belmont, CA: International Thomson Publishing.
Hanson, R. A. & Siegel, D. F. ( 1995 ). The Three Phases of Evaluation: Formative, Summative , and Confirmative . Updated draft of paper originally presented at the 1991 meeting of the American Educational Research Association, April 3 “7, Chicago.
Harless, J. ( 1975 , March ). Analyzing organizational performance, Performance Technology-Training Magazine's Best Thinking On: The Art and Science of Performance Technology (reprinted articles published in 1989). Minneapolis, MN: Lakewood Publishers.
Harris, D. M. & De Simone, R. L. ( 1998 ). Human Resource Development (2 nd ed.). Fort Worth, TX: The Dryden Press.
Harris, M. ( 1997 ). Human Resource Management: A Practical Approach . Forth Worth, TX: The Dryden Press.
Hayes, B. J. ( 1996 ). Training in quality. In R. L. Craig (Ed.), The ASTD Training & Development Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development ( 4 th ed., pp. 725 “746 ). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Health Alliance Plan. ( 1998 ). 1997 Human Resources Effectiveness Report . Detroit, MI.
Hellebrandt, J. & Russell, J. D. ( 1993 , July ). Confirmative evaluation of instructional materials and learners. Performance and Instruction , 32 (6) 22 “27.
Hellriegel, D., Slocum, J. W., Jr. & Woodman, R. W. ( 1995 ). Organizational Behavior (7 th ed.). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.
Herman , J. L., Morris, L. L., & Fitz-gibbons, C. T. ( 1987 ). Evaluator's Handbook . Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Hodge, B. J., Anthony, W. P., & Gales, L. M. ( 1996 ). Organization Theory: A Strategic Approach (5 th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NY: Prentice Hall.
Hunt, M. ( 1998 ). DreamMakers: Putting Vision and Values to Work . Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black Publishing.
Hurt, F. ( 1994 ) Better brainstorming. Training and Development 48 (11) 57 “59.
Hutchison, C. S., Carleton, J. R. & Stein, F. S. ( 1991 ). Potential Strategies and Tactics for Performance Improvement [Unpublished working document]. Conifer, CO: Conifer Consulting.
Hutchison, C. S. & Stein, F. S. ( 1997 ). A whole new world of interventions: The PT practitioner as integrating generalist. Performance Improvement , 36 (10) 28 “35.
Ishikawa, K. ( 1982 ). Guide to Quality Control . Toyko, Japan: Asian Productivity Organization.
Jellison, J. M. ( 1993 ). Overcoming Resistance: A Practical Guide to Producing Change in the Workplace . New York: Simon & Schuster.
Juran, J. M. ( 1992 ). Juran on Quality by Design: The New Steps for Planning Quality into Goods and Services . New York: The Free Press.
Kaufman, R., Keller, J., & Watkins, R. ( 1996 ). What works and what doesn't: Evaluation beyond Kirkpatrick. Performance and Instruction , 35 (2) 8 “12.
Kaufman, R., Rojas, A., & Mayer, H. ( 1993 ). Needs Assessment: A User's Guide . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.
Kaufman, R., Thiagarajan, S., & MacGillis, P. ( 1997 ). The Guidebook for Performance Improvement: Working with Individuals and Organizations . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Kemmerer, F. N. & Thiagarajan, S. ( 1992 ). Incentive systems. In H. S. Stolovitch and E. J. Keeps (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology (pp. 312 “330). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/NSPI.
Kerr, S. ( 1995 ). On the folly of rewarding A, while hoping for B. Academy of Management Executives , 9 (1) 7 “16.
Kirkpatrick, D. L. ( 1985 ). How to Manage Change Effectively: Approaches, Methods, and Case Examples . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Kirkpatrick, D. L. ( 1986 ). Performance appraisals : Your questions answered . Training and Development Journal , 40 68 “71.
Kirkpatrick, D. L. ( 1994 ). Evaluating Training Programs: The Four Levels . San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Kline, P. & Saunders, B. ( 1993 ). Ten Steps to a Learning Organization . Arlington, VA: Great Ocean Publishers.
Kotter, J. P. ( 1982 ). The General Managers . New York: The Free Press.
Kotter, J. P & Heskett, J. L. ( 1992 ). Corporate Culture and Performance . New York: The Free Press.
Kuntson, J. & Bitz, I. ( 1991 ). Project Management: How to Plan and Manage Successful Projects . New York: AMACOM.
Langdon, D. ( 1995 ). The New Language of Work . Amherst, MA: HRD Press.
Langdon, D. G., Whiteside, K. S., & McKenna, M. M. (Eds.) ( 1999 ). Intervention Resource Guide: 50 Performance Improvement Tools . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
Leibler, S. N. & Parkman, A. W. ( 1992 ). Personnel selection. In H. S. Stolovitch and E. J. Keeps (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology (pp. 259 “276). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/NSPI.
Lineberry, C. & Carleton, J. ( 1992 ). Culture change. In H. S. Stolovitch & E. J. Keeps (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology (pp. 233 “245). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/NSPI.
Lippitt, G. & Lippitt, R. ( 1978 ). The Consulting Process in Action . San Diego, CA: University Associates.
Locke, E. & Latham, G. ( 1990 ). A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance . Upper Saddle, NY: Prentice Hall.
Madaus, G. F., Scriven, M. S., & Stufflebeam, D. L. ( 1987 ). Evaluation Models: Viewpoints on Educational and Human Services Evaluation . Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing.
Mager, R. F. ( 1975 ). Preparing Instructional Objectives (rev. 2 nd ed., originally Preparing Objectives for Programmed Instruction , 1962 ). Belmont, CA: Pitman Learning.
Mager, R. F. & Pipe, P. ( 1984 ). Analyzing Performance Problems or You Really Oughta Wanna (2 nd ed.). Belmont, CA: David S. Lake Publishers.
Marquardt, M. J. ( 1999 ). Action Learning in Action: Transforming Problems and People for World-Class Organizational Learning . Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black Publishing.
Martinez, M. ( 1995 ). Equality efforts sharpen bank's edge. HR Magazine , (1) 38 “43.
McArdle, G. E .H. ( 1989 ). What is training? Performance and Instruction , 28 (6) 34 “35.
McDermott, B. ( 1990a ). Improving the status of training: Partnership with corporate leaders is training's key to status. Managing the Training Function: Trends, Politics, and Planning Issues (Book I). Minneapolis, MN: Lakewood Books.
McDermott, B. ( 1990b ). Deciding who to train. Managing the Training Function: The Nuts 'N Bolts of Personal, People, and Resources (Book II). Minneapolis, MN: Lakewood Books.
McLagan, P. A. ( 1989a ). Models for HRD Practice: The Models ( Volume 3, p. 77 ). Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development.
McLagan, P. A. ( 1989b ). Models for HRD practice. Training and Development Journal , 43 41, 53.
Meister, J. C. ( 1998 ). Corporate Universities: Lesson in Building a World-Class Work Force (Rev. and updated ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/ASTD.
Mieder, W. ( 1986 ). The Prentice-Hall Encyclopedia of World Proverbs . New York: MJF Books.
Millman, H. ( 1997 , November 17 ). The pros and perils of mining intellectual capital. InfoWorld , 19 (46) 128.
Miner, J. B. ( 1992 ). Industrial-Organizational Psychology . New York: McGraw-Hill.
Misanchuk, E. R. ( 1978 ). Descriptors of evaluation in instructional development: Beyond the formative-summative distinction. Journal of Instructional Development , 2 (1) 15 “19.
Morrissey, G. L. ( 1983 ). Performance Appraisals for Business and Industry . Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Moseley, J. L. & Dessinger, J. C. ( 1998 ). The Dessinger-Moseley evaluation model: A comprehensive approach to training evaluation. In P. J. Dean, & D. E. Ripley (Eds.), Performance Improvement Interventions: Instructional Design and Training ( Volume 2, pp. 233 “260 ). Washington, DC: International Society for Performance Improvement.
Moseley, J. L., & Solomon, D. L. ( 1997 ). Confirmative evaluation: A new paradigm for continuous improvement. Performance Improvement , 36 (5) 12 “16.
Neal, W. ( 1994 ). Workplace health, safety: A continuing process. HR News , 18.
Nelson, B. ( 1994 ). 1001 Ways to Reward Employees . New York: Workman Publishing.
Nickols, F. ( 1996 ). The Mission/Vision Thing . [Online] <trdev-l@psuvm.psu.edu>
Noe, R.A. ( 1998 ). Employee Training and Development . Boston, MA: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
OECD. ( 1997 ). Literacy Skills for the Knowledge Society . Paris , France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
OECD. ( 1998 ). Human Capital Investment: An International Comparison . Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Ostrom, L.T. ( 1993 ). Creating the Economically Sound Workplace . San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass/NSPI.
Partners in Quality ( 1995 ). Continuous Quality Improvement Symposium . Detroit, MI: Ford Motor Company and Wayne State University.
Performance International. ( 1995 ). Performance Technology Definitions . ASTD International Conference.
Performance Support 1995 Survey 2 Results . Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development, p. 1.
Piskurich, G.M. ( 1996 ). Self-directed learning. In R. L. Craig (Ed.), The ASTD Training & Development Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development ( 4 th ed., pp. 453 “472 ). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Posavac, E. J., & Carey, R. G. ( 1989 ). Program Evaluation: Methods and Case Studies (3 rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Powers, B. ( 1992 ). Strategic alignment. In H. S. Stolovitch & E. J. Keeps (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology (pp. 247 “258). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/NSPI.
Prokopenko, J. & Bittel, L. R. ( 1981 ). A modular course format for supervisory development. Training and Development Journal , 35 14 “22.
Rakich, J. S., Longest, B. B., Jr. & Darr, K. ( 1982 ). Managing Health Services Organizations (3 rd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press.
Render, B. & Stair, R. M., Jr. ( 1997 ). Quantitative Analysis for Management (6 th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Riekse, R. J. & Holstege, H. ( 1996 ). Growing Older in America . New York: McGraw-Hill.
Robinson, D. G. & Robinson, J. C. ( 1995 ). Performance Consulting: Moving Beyond Training . San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Robinson, D. G. & Robinson, J. C. ( 1989 ). Training for Impact: How to Link Training to Business Needs and Measure the Results . San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Rosenberg, M.J. ( 1996a ). Human performance technology. In R. L. Craig (Ed.), The ASTD Training & Development Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development ( 4 th ed., pp. 370 “393 ). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Rosenberg, M. J. ( 1996b ). Human performance technology: Foundations for human performance improvement. In W. J. Rothwell, ASTD Models for Human Performance Improvement: Roles, Competencies and Outputs (pp. 5 “10). Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development.
Rossett, A. ( 1992 ) Analysis of human performance problems. In H. S. Stolotvitch & E. J. Keeps. (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology (pp. 97 “113). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/NSPI.
Rossett, A. ( 1999 ). First Things Fast: A Handbook for Performance Analysis . San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
Rossett, A. ( 1996 ). Job-aids and electronic performance support systems. In R. L. Craig (Ed.), The ASTD Training & Development Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development ( 4 th ed., pp. 557 “578 ). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Rossett, A. ( 1998 ). Responding to Customers, Experts, Personnel . [Online] http://www.josseybass.com/rossett/respond
Rossett, A. ( 1989 ). Training Needs Assessment . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.
Rossett, A. & Gautier-Downes, J. H. ( 1991 ). A Handbook of Job-Aids . San Diego, CA: Pfeiffer & Company.
Rothwell, W. J. ( 1996a ). ASTD Models for Human Performance Improvement: Roles, Competencies, and Outputs . Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development.
Rothwell, W. J. ( 1996b ). Beyond Training and Development: State-of-the-Art Strategies for Enhancing Human Performance . New York: AMACOM.
Rothwell, W. J., Sullivan, R. & McLean, G. M. ( 1995 ). Practicing Organization Development: A Guide for Consultants . San Francisco: Jossey Bass/Pfeiffer.
Rue, L.W. & Byars, L.L. ( 1989 ). Management: Theory and Application (5th ed.). Homewood, IL: Irwin.
Rummler, G. A. ( 1983 ). Training skills isn't enough. Training , 20 (8), 75 “76.
Rummler, G.A. ( 1977 , October ). Performance is the purpose. Performance Technology-Training Magazine's Best Thinking On: The Art and Science of Performance Technology (reprinted articles published in 1989). Minneapolis, MN: Lakewood Publishers.
Rummler, G. A. & Brache, A. P. ( 1995 ). Improving Performance: How to Manage the White Space on the Organization Chart (2 nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Rutte, M. ( 1998 ). What Some Businesses Are Doing . [Online] http://www.Martinrutte.com/whatsome.html .
Rutte, M. & Monette, M. ( 1991 ). Bringing Spirit to Work . [Online] http://www.Martinrutte.com/bringing.html .
Saccucci, B., Lord, B., & Pagano, P. ( 1998 ). Environmental scanning, Greenhall Gateway Project . [Online] http://www.uri.edu/gateway/scanning.htm .
Seels, B. B., & Richey, R. C. ( 1994 ). Instructional Technology: The Definition and Domains of the Field . Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communication and Technology.
Senge, P.M. ( 1990 ). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization . New York: Currency/Doubleday.
Shepperd, F.M., Esq. ( 1998 ). What is globalization? [Online] http://www.quadalgroup.com/globis.htm .
Sherman, A., Bohlander, G., & Snell, S. ( 1996 ). Managing Human Resources . Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing.
Shingleton, K. ( 1992 ). Job audits as interviews: Define physical requirements. HRFocus , 69 (7) 11.
Simon, F. L. & Sexton, D. E. ( 1992 ). International business: Formulating and implementing a business strategy. In J. J. Hampton (Ed.), AMA Management Handbook (3 rd ed.). New York: AMACOM.
Slywotsky, A. J. & Morrison, D. J. ( 1997 ). The Profit Zone: How Strategic Business Design Will Lead You to Tomorrow's Profits . New York: Random House.
Smith, M. E., & Brandenburg, D. C. ( 1991 ). Summative evaluation. Performance Improvement Quarterly , 4 (2) 35 “58.
Spendolini, M. J. ( 1992 ). The Benchmarking Book . New York: AMACOM.
Spitzer, D. R. ( 1992 ). The design and development of effective interventions. In H. S. Stolovitch & E. J. Keeps (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology (pp. 114 “129). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/NSPI.
Spitzer, D. R. ( 1999 ). The design and development of high-impact interventions. In H. S. Stolovitch & E. J. Keeps (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology (pp. 136 “154). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Pfeiffer/ISPI.
Stata, R. ( Spring, 1989 ). Organizational learning - The key to management innovation. Sloan Management Review , (pp. 63-74).
Stewart, T. A. ( 1997 ). Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations . New York: Currency Doubleday.
Stufflebeam, D. ( 1978 ). Meta evaluation: An overview. Evaluation and the Health Professions , 1, 17 “43.
Swanson, R. A. ( 1994 ). Analysis for Improving Performance: Tools for Diagnosing Organizations and Documenting Workplace Expertise . San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Tessmer, M. ( 1994 ). Formative evaluation alternatives. Performance Improvement Quarterly , 7 (1) 3 “18.
The power of suggestions at Con Ed. ( 1988 ). Personnel Journal , p. 11.
Thiagarajan, S. ( 1991 ). Formative evaluation in performance technology. Performance Improvement Quarterly , 4 (2) 22 “34.
Thiagarajan, S. ( 1992 ). Small-group activities. In H. S. Stolovitch & E. J. Keeps (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology (p. 420). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/NSPI.
Thomsett, M. C. ( 1990 ). The Little Black Book of Project Management . New York: AMACOM.
Tichy, N. M. & Sherman, S. ( 1993 ). Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will . New York: Currency/Doubleday.
Tosti, D. & Jackson, S. D. ( 1997 ). The organizational scan. Performance Improvement , 36 (10) 22 “26.
Veum, J. R. ( 1995 , November ). Training, wages , and the human capital model. National Longitudinal Surveys Discussion Paper , Report: NLS 96 “31. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.
Walker, J. W. ( 1976 ). Let's get serious about career paths. Human Resource Management , 15 (3) 2 “7.
Watkins, K. E, & Marsick, V J. ( 1993 ). Sculpting the Learning Organization: Lessons in the Art and Science of Systemic Change . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Weisbord, M. R. ( 1987 ). Productive Workplaces: Organizing and Managing for Dignity, Meaning, and Community . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Wertz, L. H. ( 1996 ). Executive development. In R. L. Craig (Ed.), The ASTD Training & Development Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development (4 th ed.), pp. 622 “636. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Westgaard, O. ( 1992 ). Standards and ethics for practitioners . In H. S. Stolovitch & E. J. Keeps (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance Technology (pp. 576 “584). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/NSPI.
Whiteside, K. S. ( 1991 ). Performance Technology Interventions Checklist . Workshop presented at the National Society for Performance and Instruction.
Whiteside, K. S. & Langdon, D. ( 1997 ). Improving the Performance of Organizations . Workshop presented at the ASTD International Conference and Exposition, Washington, DC.
Wile, D. ( 1996 ). Why doers do. Performance and Instruction , 35 (2) 30 “35.
Wilson, T. B. ( 1995 ). Innovative Reward Systems for the Changing Workplace . New York: McGraw-Hill.
Wokutch, R. ( 1994 ). New lessons from Japanese management. HR Magazine , 72 “78.
Younger, S. M. ( 1993 ). Learning organizations: The trainer's role . ASTD Info-Line, 9306 ( June 1993 ), 1. Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development.
Zemke, R. & Kramlinger, T. ( 1987 ). Figuring Things Out: A Trainer's Guide to Needs and Task Analysis . Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing.
Zuboff, S. ( 1988 ). In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power . New York: Basic Books.