O
Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.
Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition
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S
S1 See First heart sound
S2 See Second heart sound
S3 See Third heart sound
S4 See Fourth heart sound
S65C mutation See also HFE gene
in hemochromatosis 676
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe/SAM) 1719–1721 1721
in Pneumocystis pneumonia 1541
S stage sleep 1078
SAAG See Serum-ascites albumin gradient
Sabin-Feldman dye test, in toxoplasmosis 1499
Sabin vaccine (oral/OPV poliovaccine) 1367
IPV booster and 1314
Saccharin, for diabetics 1206
Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), in inflammatory bowel disease 623
Sacral spine/disk disease See also Spine
herniated disk 817 818 818 819
Sacral zoster 110
Sacroiliac joint, in ankylosing spondylitis 852 853
SAD See Seasonal affective disorder
Saddlenose deformity
in nasal trauma 200
in Wegener's granulomatosis 848
Sadism, sexual 1052
Safer sex
in HIV infection/AIDS prevention 4 1319 1332
for syphilis prevention 1447
Sagittal sinus thrombosis, in pseudotumor cerebri 1005
Salicylates See also Aspirin
adverse ocular effects of 179
laboratory reference range for 1742
monitoring concentrations of 1734
nutrients affected by 1260
overdose/toxicity of 1615 1634
alkali therapy for 891 1634
anion gap in 888
hemodialysis for 1613 1634
for rheumatic fever 406
Salicylic acid preparations, for wart removal 128
P.1860
Saline 894 895
for diabetic ketoacidosis 1230
for eye decontamination 172 1611 1618
for heat exposure syndromes 1593 1594
for hypercalcemia 880 1153 1690
for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state 1232
for hypernatremia 872
for hyponatremia 870
for hypotension in poisoning/drug overdose 1609
for skin decontamination 1611
Saline breast prosthesis See Breast implants
Saline laxatives 544
Saline load test, in gastric outlet obstruction 594
Saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis 891–892 892 893
Saline-unresponsive metabolic alkalosis 892 892 893
Salivary glands 207–209
inflammatory disorders of
acute 208
chronic 208
in mumps 1365
tumors of 208–209
Salivary stones (sialolithiasis) 208
Salk vaccine (inactivated/IPV poliovaccine) 1305–1306 1314 1367
Salmeterol, for asthma 231 233
with fluticasone 232
Salmon calcitonin See Calcitonin
Salmonella enterica subsp enterica (salmonellosis) 1424–1426 1553
bacteremia caused by 1426 1553
choleraesuis 1424
enterocolitis/gastroenteritis caused by 545 1300 1301 1303 1426 1556
typhi 1424 1425
typhimurium 1424
Salpingectomy, for ectopic pregnancy 770
Salpingitis 741–743
chlamydial 1441
gonococcal 1432
Salpingo-oophorectomy See Oophorectomy
Salpingostomy, for ectopic pregnancy 770
Salt restriction See Sodium-restricted diet
Salt tablets, in heat exposure syndromes 1593
Samarium-153 lexidronam (Sm-153 EDTMP), for chemotherapy-induced toxicity/bone pain 1678 1688
SAMe/SAM (S-adenosylmethionine) 1719 1721
in Pneumocystis pneumonia 1541
Sand flies See also Flies
leishmaniasis transmitted by 1480
Sandostatin See Octreotide SaO2 (oxygen saturation)
in ARDS 310
in asthma, exacerbation severity and 229 237
home oxygen therapy and 240
in near drowning victim 1602
oximetry for measurement of 223–224
relationship of to partial pressure of oxygen 223–224 224
in sleep apnea 306
in smoke inhalation 293
SAPE (sentinel acute pancreatitis event) 698
Saphenous vein
superficial thrombophlebitis of 473
varicose 468
Saphenous vein bypass graft, for lower extremity occlusive disease 455
Saquinavir 1337 1341 1343
interaction with garlic and 1715
resistance to 1345
Sarafem See Fluoxetine
Saralasin, hypertension in Cushing's syndrome affected by 423
Sarcocystis bovihominis/suihominis (sarcocystosis) 1475 1478
Sarcoidosis 278–279
arthritis in 861
hypercalcemia/hypercalciuria in 279 1152
neuropathy associated with 1026
nose and paranasal sinus involvement and 201
pulmonary involvement and 278–279
Sarcoma See also specific type
intestinal 612
soft tissue, chemotherapy for 1665
Sarcoptes scabiei infection (scabies) 134–135
Sargramostim (GM-CSF)
for chemotherapy-induced toxicity 1671 1678 1680
for HIV infection/AIDS 1346
for infection in cancer/immunocompromised host 1291 1694
for neutropenia 499
tumor vaccines and 1700
Sarin, poisoning caused by 1621–1622
Sarna See Camphor/menthol preparations
SARS See Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Saturday night palsy 1029
Saturnine gout, in lead poisoning 812 926
Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) 1713 1718
for benign prostatic hyperplasia 960 1713 1718
Saxitoxin, paralytic shellfish poisoning caused by 1635
Sb See Stibogluconate
SBR Lipocream 90
Scabene See Lindane
Scabies 134–135
Scaling skin disorders 92 94–108
Scalp
allergic contact dermatitis involving 114
injuries of 1020
in pediculosis 135
psoriasis of 98
seborrhea of 100
Scalpicin See Hydrocortisone
Scarlet fever 1355 1400
Scarring, prevention of in burn injury 1598
Scarring (cicatricial) alopecias 144
Scedosporium apiospermum/prolificans, opportunistic infections caused by 1547 1550
Schatzki rings 572
dysphagia caused by 564
Schilling test
in bacterial overgrowth 605
in fish tapeworm infection 1509
laboratory reference range (normal values) for 1743
Schirmer test, in keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes) 157
Sj gren's syndrome diagnosis and 842
Schistocytes, in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 497 521
Schistosoma (schistosomiasis) 1501–1504
bladder cancer and 967 1502
haematobium 1501 1502 1503
intercalatum 1501
japonicum 1501 1502 1503
mansoni 1501 1502 1503
mekongi 1501 1503
Schizoaffective disorders 1057
Schizoid personality disorder 1055
Schizophrenia 1056–1065
classification of 1056–1057
depression and 1057 1058
differential diagnosis of 1058
drug therapy for 1059–1064 1059 1060 1063
mania differentiated from 1058 1067
positive and negative symptoms in 1056
antipsychotic drugs affecting 1061
suicide risk and 1067
Schizophreniform disorders 1057
Schizotypal personality disorder 1055
Schmidt's syndrome 1144 1165 1201
Schneiderian papillomas 200
Schober's test of lumbar motion 818
Schwannoma
gastrointestinal 599
vestibular (acoustic neuroma/neurinoma/eighth nerve tumor) 193–194 1000
hearing loss and 180 193 1000
in neurofibromatosis 1006
Sciatic nerve palsy 1029
Scintigraphy See specific type
Scl-70 (scleroderma) antibody 799 836 839
SCLC See Small cell carcinoma of lung
SCLE See Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Sclera
blue, in osteogenesis imperfecta 1102
lacerations of 172
Scleritis, inflammation patterns in 153
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) 838–840
autoantibodies in 799 836 839
dysphagia in 564 838 839
limited See CREST syndrome
linear 839
Raynaud's phenomenon and 465 838 839
Scleroderma (anti-Scl-70) antibody 799 836 839
Scleroderma renal crisis 838–839 839
Sclerotherapy
for esophageal varices 574
prevention of first bleeding episode and, contraindications to 576
prevention of rebleeding and 575
for hemorrhoids 644
for malignant effusions 1693
for varicose veins 470
Sclerotomy, for glaucoma 161
Scolex, tapeworm 1508 1509
Scolicides, for hydatid cysts 1514 1515
Scoliosis, in syringomyelia 1021
Scombroid poisoning 1635 1635
Scopolamine, overdose/toxicity of 1620
Scorpion stings 1636
Scotch tape test
for enterobiasis/pinworm infection diagnosis 1521
for T saginata diagnosis 1509
Scotomas See also Visual field defects/loss
in migraine headache 975
in optic neuritis 169
Scratch-itch cycle See also Pruritus
in lichen simplex chronicus 97
Scratching/burning, of eye 150
Screamer's nodules 210
P.1861
Screening tests 3
in cancer prevention 1654–1656
for genetic cancer risk factors 1643
in prenatal care 764
psychologic/psychiatric 1040
Scrofula (mycobacterial lymphadenitis) 215–216 1438
Scrotal mass See Testes, masses/tumors of
Scrotum
examination of 933–934
pain in 931
in epididymitis 933 943
Scrub typhus 1392 1394–1395
Scuba/deep sea diving
auditory tube dysfunction/otic barotrauma and 183 184
decompression/dysbaric illness and 1603
Scurvy 1275
SDHB/SDHC/SDHD gene mutations, in pheochromocytoma 1175–1176
Seafood poisonings 1634–1635 1635
Seasonal affective disorder 1066 1068 1074
Seborrheic dermatitis 100
in HIV infection/AIDS 100 1328
pityriasis rosea differentiated from 99–100
tinea differentiated from 100 102
Seborrheic keratoses 93
Seclusion rooms, for aggressive/violent patient 1082
Second-degree burn 1595
Second-degree heart block 382–383
in myocardial infarction 362
Second-hand smoke See Passive smoking
Second heart sound (S2) 315
Secretin stimulation test, in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/gastrinoma 595
Secretory diarrhea 548 549
Sectral See Acebutolol
Secundum atrial septal defect 320
Sedation
opioids causing 79
terminal 69
Sedative-hypnotics
for alcohol withdrawal 1086
antidepressant drug interactions and 1074
for anxiety/stress disorders 1042
for insomnia 1079–1080
for nausea and vomiting 540 540
overdose/toxicity of 1624–1625
sleep stages affected by 1079
Sedentary lifestyle
lipid abnormalities and 12 1244
prevention of 12–13
urinary stone formation and 944
Seizures 980–986 981 984–985
absence (petit mal) 981 981 985
alcohol withdrawal 980 985–986 1084
antidepressant use and 1071
atonic 982
brain abscess causing 980 1004
cerebral arteriovenous malformations causing 997
classification of 980–982 981
drug selection and 983 984–985
clonic 982
cognitive disorders/delirium caused by 1091
in cysticercosis 1510 1512
degenerative disorders and 980
differential diagnosis of 982–983
drug therapy for 983–985 984–985
flumazenil causing 1625
generalized 981–982 981 982–983 984
in hypocalcemia 878
hypoparathyroidism and 1148
hysterical (pseudoseizures) 983 1048
infection/infectious diseases and 980
intracranial mass lesions causing 980 1001
in malaria (severe P falciparum infection) 1497
myoclonic 981 981 985 1012 1013
panic disorder differentiated from 982 1043
partial/focal 980–981 981 982 984
in poisoning/drug overdose 1609–1610 1610
with antidepressants 1071 1637
with theophylline 1610 1636 1637
posttraumatic 980
during pregnancy, eclampsia and 771 772 773
pregnancy in patient with 780
schizophrenia differentiated from 1058
serial 982
solitary 985
in Sturge-Weber syndrome 1006
surgical management of 985
in tetanus 1409
tonic 982
tonic-clonic (grand mal) 981–982 981 984
transient ischemic attacks differentiated from 982 989–990
in tuberous sclerosis 1006
vagal nerve stimulation for 985
vascular disorders and 980
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) 1189 1670 1673
in breast cancer prevention 706 1651–1652 1652
for osteoporosis 1157 1189
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors See Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors
Selegiline
overdose/toxicity of 1629
for parkinsonism 1009
Selenium
in cancer prevention 1651
dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for 1256
Self-examination, breast
in cancer screening 14 15 708 1655
in fibrocystic breast condition 703
Self-help groups See Support groups
Self-monitoring of blood glucose, in diabetes mellitus 1200 1217
Self-mutilation 1068
Self-treatment (standby treatment), for malaria 1488 1496
Semen, blood in (hematospermia) 932
Semen analysis, in infertility workup 748 953–954 953
Seminiferous tubule dysgenesis See Klinefelter's syndrome
Seminomas 971 972 1182
SEN-V virus 652
Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, for esophageal varices 575
Senile cataract 163
Senna 543 544
Sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy See Neuropathies
Sensorineural hearing loss 180
in HIV infection/AIDS 194
vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neurinoma) causing 180 193 1000
Sensory disturbances/loss 988
confusion/dementia and 57
in diabetes 1223
dissociated 988
in elderly, cognitive functioning and 57
in intracranial mass lesions 1001
in leprosy 1025 1439
in spinal cord infarction 999
in spinal trauma 1021
in stroke 991 993 995
Sensory hearing loss 180 187–189
sudden 188
tinnitus and 189
Sentinel acute pancreatitis event (SAPE) 698
Sentinel loop, in pancreatitis 695
Sentinel lymph node biopsy, in breast cancer 718 1658
arm edema avoidance and 725
Sentinel pile 647
Seoul viruses 1378
Sepsis/septic shock 477–478 478 479 480
in burn injury 1597
gram-negative 1423–1425
in listeriosis 1414
postabortion, anaerobic 1435
in pyelonephritis 939
vibrios causing 1428 1553
Septal ablation, for cardiomyopathy 403
Septal hematoma, in nasal trauma 199–200
Septal hypertrophy, in cardiomyopathy 402 403
Septata species See Encephalitozoon
Septic (nongonococcal acute bacterial) arthritis 855–856 1402 1555
in drug users 855 1298
rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from 828
Septic thrombophlebitis 473 1555
anaerobic infections and 1434 1434–1435
in drug user 1298
ruptured appendicitis and 613
sigmoid sinus, otitis media and 186
Septoplasty, nasal, for sleep apnea 306
Septra See Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Sequoiosis 296
Serax See Oxazepam
Serenoa repens (saw palmetto) 1713 1718
for benign prostatic hyperplasia 960 1713 1718
Serentil See Mesoridazine
Serevent See Salmeterol
Serial seizures 982
Serine protease inhibitor (SPINK1) gene, in chronic pancreatitis 698
Serine threonine kinase gene, in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 636
SERMs See Selective estrogen receptor modulators
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies 851–855
back pain in 818
HLA in 851–852
Seroquel See Quetiapine
Serotonin
carcinoids secreting 611 1178 1692
in migraine headache 975
Serotonin receptor agonists, for irritable bowel syndrome 618
P.1862
Serotonin receptor-blocking agents See also Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors
antipsychotic drugs 1060 1061
for irritable bowel syndrome 618
for migraine 976
for nausea and vomiting 540 540
Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) 1070–1071 1072
for depression 1070–1071 1072
for irritable bowel syndrome 617
for obesity 1269
for obsessive-compulsive disorders 1047 1070
overdose/toxicity of 1070 1072
for panic attacks 1046 1070
for personality disorders 1056
for phobic disorder 1046
for posttraumatic stress disorder 1042 1070
during pregnancy 1070
for psychosexual disorders 1054
serotonin syndrome caused by 1070 1629
sexual side effects of 1070
withdrawal from 1070
Serotonin syndrome 1070 1610 1629 1637 1638
St. John's wort causing 1714
Serous otitis media 183–184
in HIV infection/AIDS 194
nasopharyngeal carcinoma causing 184
Serous retinal detachment See Retina, detachment of
Serpasil See Reserpine
Serratia 1553
Sertoli cell tumors 971 1171 1182
Sertraline 1068 1070 1072
for migraine prophylaxis 976
overdose/toxicity of, seizures/serotonin syndrome caused by 1637
Serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) 559 560
in cirrhosis 670
in liver congestion due to heart failure 680
in mesothelioma 563
in pancreatic ascites 563
in peritoneal carcinomatosis 562
in portal hypertension 562
Serum osmolality See Osmolality
Serum protein electrophoresis, laboratory reference range for 1741
Serum sickness 794–795
penicillin allergy causing 1565
Serzone See Nefazodone
Sestamibi technetium-99m scintigraphy See Technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy
Set point, of body temperature, in fever 26
Sevelamer, for hyperphosphatemia 883
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 1384–1386
Sex See Gender
Sex change surgery, for transsexuals 1053 1054
Sex chromosomes See X chromosome; Y chromosome
Sex hormone-binding globulin 1170 1181
Sex steroids, replacement therapy with 1106–1107
for hypogonadism 1106–1107
for osteoporosis 1156
Sexual abuse, child 1052
intrafamilial (incest) 1052
prevention of 16–17
Sexual arousal disorders (paraphilias) 1052–1053 1053–1054
Sexual assault (rape) 758–760
gamma-hydroxybutyrate (“date rape” drug) use and 1625
sexually transmitted disease and 759 1297–1298
Sexual behavior, high-risk
HIV infection/AIDS and 1318–1319 1331
postexposure prophylaxis and 1333
syphilis and 1443 1447
Sexual desire, disorders of 1053
Sexual dysfunction
drugs causing 950 951 1101 1102
antidepressants 1070 1071
antipsychotics 1062
lithium 1076
endocrine causes of 951 1101 1105
in female 1053
in male 950–954 1053 1101 1102 1180
psychosexual 1053 1054
in renal failure 911
Sexual intercourse
HIV infection/AIDS transmission risk and 1318–1319 1331 1333
postexposure prophylaxis and 1333
painful See Dyspareunia
unlawful (statutory rape) 759
unprotected, emergency contraception and 757
IUD for 755 757
Sexual masochism 1052
Sexual sadism 1052
Sexually transmitted diseases 1297–1298
drug use and 1298
IUD use and 755
during pregnancy 780
rape and 759 1297–1298
reactive arthritis/Reiter's syndrome and 854
S zary cells, in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) 106
S zary syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis and 106 107
SGOT See Aspartate aminotransferase
SGPT See Alanine aminotransferase
Shagreen patches, in tuberous sclerosis 1006
Shaver's disease 295
Shaving
pseudofolliculitis and 119
sycosis and 118
Shawl sign 840
SHBG See Sex hormone-binding globulin
Sheep cell agglutination tests, in mononucleosis 1359
Sheep liver fluke, fascioliasis caused by 1505
Shellfish, contaminated
angiostrongyliasis transmitted by 1516–1517
gnathostomiasis transmitted by 1524
poisoning caused by 1635 1635
vibrio infection caused by 1428
Shiga-like toxins, E coli producing 545 546 1427
Shigella, dysenteriae/flexneri/sonnei (shigellosis/bacillary dysentery) 545 1299 1300 1301 1303 1426–1427 1556
Shin spots, diabetic 1100 1225
Shingles See Herpes zoster
Shock 477–480 478
cardiogenic 357 357 363 477 478 479 480
classification of 477–478 478
dengue 1377
distributive 477–478 478 479–480
in ectopic pregnancy 770
in heat stroke 1594
hypovolemic 477 478
impending 478
neurogenic 478–479 478 479
obstructive 477 478
after pheochromocytoma removal 1177
septic See Sepsis/septic shock
Shock liver 680
Shock wave lithotripsy
for renal stones 947
for ureteral stones 947
Short-acting insulin 1212 1213 1214
Short bowel syndrome 605–606
lactic acidosis and 887
Short stature, in Turner's syndrome 1189 1190
Shortness of breath See Dyspnea
Shoulder-hand syndrome 822
Shoulder pain
in polymyalgia rheumatica 846
rotator cuff disorders and 823–824
Shunts
in atrial septal defect 321
in patent ductus arteriosus 324
portosystemic See Portosystemic shunts
in ventricular septal defect 322
Shy-Drager syndrome 1008
dysautonomia and 987
SIADH See Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
Sialadenitis 208
Sialolithiasis 208
Siberian Asian tick typhus 1392 1396
Siberian ginseng 1717
Sibutramine, for obesity 1099 1269
Sicca syndrome, HLA in 801
Sick role, chronic pain disorders and 1050
Sick sinus syndrome 382
Sickle cell anemia 493–494 494
cholelithiasis/gallstones and 493
genetic/prenatal testing for 493 775
hematogenous osteomyelitis and 858
in pregnancy 775
renal dysfunction associated with 929–930
screening test for 493–494
Sickle cell glomerulopathy 929–930
Sickle cell retinopathy 168
Sickle cell trait 494 494
Sickle thalassemia 494 494
Sideroblasts/sideroblastic anemia 486
myelodysplasia and 486 506 507
Siderosis 295
Sigmoid esophagus 580
Sigmoid sinus thrombosis, otitis media and 186
Sigmoidoscopy
in adenomatous polyp identification 634 635 642
in antibiotic-associated colitis 619
in cancer screening 15 642 1655–1656 1656
in diarrhea 550
in gastrointestinal bleeding 555
in ulcerative colitis 628
Signal-averaged ECG, in arrhythmia evaluation 367–368
Significant others See Family/significant others
SIL See Squamous intraepithelial lesions
Sildenafil
contraindications to with nitroglycerin 454 952 1224
P.1863
for erectile dysfunction 454 952 1054 1224
antidepressant-induced 1070
for pulmonary hypertension 411
Silent myocardial ischemia/angina 342 346
Silent (subclinical) thyroiditis 1144
Silent ulcers 587
gastrointestinal bleeding and 592
Silicone gel breast implants See Breast implants
Silicosis 295 296
Silo-filler's disease 297
Silver sulfadiazine, for burn wounds 1597
Simple partial seizures 980–981 981
Simple renal cysts 927–928 927
Simultagnosia, intracranial mass lesions causing 1001
Simvastatin 341 1250 1251
in cancer prevention 1653
Sin Nombre virus 1378
Sinemet See Carbidopa/levodopa
Sinequan See Doxepin
Singer's nodules 210
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), in angina 345
Singulair See Montelukast
Singultus (hiccups) 540–541
Sinoatrial exit block (sick sinus syndrome) 382
Sinus arrest (sick sinus syndrome) 382
Sinus arrhythmia 371–372
Sinus bradycardia 372
in myocardial infarction 356 361
persistent (sick sinus syndrome) 382
in poisoning/drug overdose 1609
in sleep apnea 306
Sinus tachycardia 372
in hyperthyroidism 1137 1141
in myocardial infarction 356 361
in poisoning/drug overdose 1609
Sinus venosus atrial septal defect 320 321
Sinuses See Paranasal sinuses
Sinusitis 195–197 1556
anaerobic 1434
in aspergillosis 217 1544
cough caused by 21 219
diffuse panbronchiolitis and 247
facial pain associated with 195 979
headache and 974
in HIV infection/AIDS 217 1323–1324
nasopharyngeal/paranasal sinus cancer and 196 201
Sipple's syndrome See Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2a
Sirolimus 804
SIRS See Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Sisomicin 1572
Sister Mary Joseph nodule 597 700
Sitaxentan, for pulmonary hypertension 411
Siti (endemic syphilis) 1454
Situational (stress and adjustment) disorders 1041–1043
Sixth disease (exanthema subitum) 1355 1362
Sixth nerve paralysis 170
Sj gren's syndrome 842–843
autoantibodies in 799 836 842–843
cryoglobulinemia and 850
Skeletal hyperostosis, diffuse idiopathic (DISH) 853
Skeletal system disorders See Bone; Musculoskeletal disorders
Skin 86–149
biopsy of
in cutaneous leishmaniasis 1481
in leprosy 1439
in onchocerciasis 1528
in Rocky Mountain spotted fever 1395
caustic/corrosive injuries of 1617 1618
decontamination of 1610–1611 1617 1618 1632
nerve agents in chemical warfare and 1611 1622
disorders of See specific type and Skin cancer; Skin disorders
dry
atopic dermatitis and 95
emollients for 86–91 90
hardening of See Scleroderma
Skin cancer See also specific type
basal cell carcinoma 130
ear involved in 181
eyelid involved in 154–155
melanoma 92 94
squamous cell carcinoma 130–131
sun avoidance in prevention of 14 91 1648
Skin disorders 86–149
Dermatitis
anaerobic infections 1435
anthrax 1411 1412 1413
arthropod infestations 136–137
in blastomycosis 1545
blistering (bullous) 92 125–127
cancer See Skin cancer
cancer-related 1696–1697
candidal infection 121
chemotherapy causing 1683
chilblain (erythema pernio) 1591
in chromoblastomycosis 1547
in cutaneous larva migrans 1519
in cutaneous leishmaniasis 1480–1481 1484–1485
in diabetes mellitus 1198 1225–1226
diagnosis of 86
in dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection) 1520
in drug users 1298
drugs causing (dermatitis medicamentosa/drug eruption) 146–149 147–149
erosive 92
erythemas 92 121–125
frostbite 1591 1591–1592
fungal infections 100–104
in HIV infection/AIDS 1328
in Graves' disease (Graves' dermopathy/pretibial myxedema) 1135 1137 1142
in HIV infection/AIDS 1327–1328
in hookworm disease 1519
in leprosy 1439
in Lyme disease 123–124 1458 1461
morbilliform 92
in mycetoma 1547
mycobacterial infections 1438
nicotine replacement therapy causing 9
nodules 92
inflammatory 137–139
violaceous to purple 131–132
in onchocerciasis 1527 1528
papules 92 127–131
violaceous to purple 131–132
photodermatitis 92 139–140
pigmentary 142–144 1100
drugs causing 143 148–149
endocrine causes of 1100
in hypercarotenosis 1100 1276
pigmented lesions 92–94 92
in polyarteritis nodosa 845
pruritus (itching) and 92 132–137
pustular 92 115–121
radiation causing 1600 1683
scaling 92 94–108
in schistosomiasis 1502
in sporotrichosis 1546
staphylococcal infections 1405–1406
in HIV infection/AIDS 1327
streptococcal infections 1401
in strongyloidiasis 1530
in syphilis 1449 1450
treatment of 86–91 87–90
complications of 91
ulcers 92 140–142
decubitus (pressure) 140–141 141
bed rest/immobility and 60 140–141
in diabetics 1223 1225
in dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection) 1520
in leishmaniasis 1480–1481 1484 1485
in mycetoma 1547
in paracoccidioidomycosis 1546
in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) 462
venous insufficiency/varicose veins/lower extremity occlusive disease and 141–142 453 469 474
venous insufficiency/varicose veins and See Stasis dermatitis
vesicular 92 108–113
warfarin causing 532
weeping/crusted 92 113–115
drying agents for 91
Skin grafts, in burn care 1597
Skin-sparing mastectomy 718
Skin substitutes, in burn care 1598
Skin test anergy
negative tuberculin skin test and 259
in sarcoidosis 279
Skin tests See also specific type
in allergic disorders 791
drug allergies and 793 1315–1316
food allergies and 791 793
penicillin allergy and 793 1315–1316 1564
in nutritional status assessment 1263
Skull fractures 1019 1020
vertigo caused by 191
SLE See Systemic lupus erythematosus
Sleep
abnormal behaviors during 1080–1081
age-related changes in 1078
breathing disorders and 305–306
disorders of 1078–1081
periodic leg movements of 1013
stages of 1078
Sleep apnea 305–306 1080
testosterone replacement therapy and 1182
Sleep attacks, in narcolepsy 1080
Sleep hygiene 1079
Sleep panic attacks 1043
Sleep paralysis, in narcolepsy 1080
Sleep terror (pavor nocturnus) 1080
Sleepiness See Somnolence
Sleeping sickness 1463–1465
Sleepwalking (somnambulism) 1014 1080–1081
P.1864
Small cell carcinoma of lung 267
myasthenic syndrome in 268 1035
paraneoplastic syndromes associated with 267–268 1696–1697
staging of 268
survival rates for 272 272
syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion and 267
treatment of 271 1664
Small intestine See also under Intestinal
adenocarcinomas in 610
bacterial overgrowth in 604–605
irritable bowel syndrome and 616
vitamin B12 deficiency and 487 605
biopsy of
in celiac disease 602–603
in Whipple's disease 604
carcinoid tumors in 611–612
digestion in 601
disorders of 600–615
malabsorption and 600–607 600
motility disorders 607–609
polyps 610
tumors 610–612
evaluation of, in occult gastrointestinal bleeding 558
lymphomas in 610–611
obstruction of See Intestinal obstruction
resection of, short bowel syndrome and 605–606
sarcomas in 612
Small intestine push enteroscopy, in gastrointestinal bleeding 556 558
Smallpox (variola) 110–111 1356 1388
bioterrorism and 111 1312 1388
Smallpox (variola) vaccination 4–5 111 1312–1313 1388
atopic dermatitis/eczema and 96 111 1313 1388
Sm-153 EDTMP (samarium-153 lexidronam), for chemotherapy-induced toxicity/bone pain 1678 1688
Smell, disorders of sensation of 198
Smith antibody, in systemic lupus erythematosus 799 835 836
Smoke inhalation 293–294 1596
Smoking
asbestosis and 296
bladder cancer and 967
breast cancer and 5
cessation of 5–8 6–7 8 9 10 11
acupuncture for 1726 1729
acute coronary syndromes and 353
bupropion for 7 11
in cancer prevention 5 1646–1647
in cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease prevention 5–8 6–7 8 9 10 11 339
in COPD prevention/management 240
for myocardial infarction 365
nicotine replacement therapy for 7 8 9 10
postoperative pulmonary complications reduced by 42
strategies for 6–8 6–7 8
for thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) 463
in COPD 5 238
coronary heart disease and 5 339
cough and 219
environmental exposure and
health hazards of 5
asthma 227
cancer 5
during pregnancy 765
esophageal cancer and 577
Graves' ophthalmopathy flare and 1140 1141
health hazards of 5 1646–1647
hemoptysis and 220
hypertension and 422
laryngeal leukoplakia and 210
laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and 211
lung cancer and 267 1646 1647
as co-carcinogen with industrial exposures 297
oral cancer and 202
P53 gene mutations and 5 1647
peptic ulcer disease and 589 591
pneumothorax and 303 304
postoperative pulmonary complications associated with 41
during pregnancy 765
preventable disease/deaths caused by 2 5
in renal cell carcinoma 969
respiratory bronchiolitis and 247
sleep disorders and 1079
thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) and 462
ulcerative colitis and 627
in ureteral and renal pelvis cancer 969
Snails, in disease transmission See Cercariae/metacercariae
Snake bites, poisonous 1611 1635–1636
Snellen chart, for visual acuity testing 151
in elderly 51 52
Sniffing (solvents/gases) 1090 1627 1632–1633 1633
Snoring, in sleep apnea 306
Snow blindness 172
Soapsuds enema 543
Social challenges, for terminally ill/dying patient 83 83
Social phobias 1044 1046
Social support See Support groups
Sodium 1259
dietary 1259
hypertension and 422
during pregnancy 766
requirements for in nutritional support 1282
restriction of See Sodium-restricted diet
in urinary stone formation 943–944
disorders of concentration of 866–872
fractional excretion of, in acute renal failure 901 902
hyperosmolality caused by 872
intracellular, in hypertension 422
laboratory reference range (normal values) for 866 1742
replacement of 894 895
in heat exposure syndromes 1593 1594
urine
in acute renal failure 901
in hyponatremia 866
Sodium bicarbonate See Bicarbonate
Sodium butyrate, for radiation-induced toxicity 1683
Sodium channel blocking drugs, for arrhythmias 368 369
Sodium channel gene, defect in periodic paralysis 1037
Sodium iodide I 131 See 131I
Sodium ipodate See Ipodate sodium
Sodium nitrite, for cyanide poisoning 1611 1623 1623
Sodium nitroprusside See Nitroprusside
Sodium phosphate, for constipation/bowel cleansing 543 544
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate, for hyperkalemia 876 877
Sodium-restricted diet 1278
for cardiac failure 395
for chronic renal failure 909 912
in cirrhosis 670
for hypertension 421 426
for nephrotic syndrome 921
for urinary stone disease 943–944
Sodium salicylate, in pain management 76
Sodium stibogluconate (antimony), for leishmaniasis 1481 1481–1482 1483 1484
Sodium sulfacetamide See Sulfacetamide
Sodium thiosulfate, for cyanide poisoning 1611 1623 1623
Sodoku 1455
Soft diet 1278
Soft tissue infections
anaerobic 1435
mycobacterial 1438
staphylococcal 1405–1406
Solar lentigines (liver spots) 93 143
Soles of feet
tinea of 103–104
vesiculobullous dermatitis of (pompholyx) 111–112
Solitary pulmonary nodule 265–266
in dirofilariasis 1522
in metastatic disease 273
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome 646
Solitary (simple) renal cysts 927–928 927
Solitary seizures 985
Solitary thyroid nodule 1120 1121–1122
toxic 1135 1140
Soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist See Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist
Soluble liver antigen–liver pancreas antibodies, in autoimmune hepatitis 663
Solvents
bladder cancer caused by exposure to 967
toxicity/abuse of 1090 1632–1633 1633
Somatization disorder (Briquet's syndrome/hysteria) 1048
Somatoform disorders 1047–1049
Somatoform pain disorder 1048
Somatostatin/somatostatin analogs See also Octreotide
for acromegaly/gigantism 1111
D cells secreting 1178
for esophageal varices 574–575
in Huntington's disease 1011
for peptic ulcer bleeding 592
Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy
in islet cell tumors 1179
in pheochromocytoma 1176
in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/gastrinoma 595
Somatostatinomas 1178 1191
Somatotropin (somatrem/human growth hormone) 1107
Somnambulism (sleepwalking) 1014 1080–1081
Somnolence, excessive 1080
restless legs syndrome causing 1013
in sleep apnea 306 1080
Somogyi effect 1219 1219
Sonata See Zaleplon
P.1865
Sonography See Ultrasonography
Sorbitol
for constipation 543 544
for diabetics 1206
diarrhea caused by 549
Sore throat See Pharyngitis
Sotalol 370
for atrial fibrillation 377
breast feeding and 786
toxicity of 368–371 370
South African tick fever 1392
South American blastomycosis (paracoccidioidomycosis) 1546
Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI) 1457
Soy protein, in cancer prevention 1652–1653
Space-occupying lesions, intracranial and spinal 999–1004 1000
Spasticity 1016
in motor neuron diseases 988 1016
spinal trauma causing 1021
in tetanus 1409
Specimen collection
tubes for 1743
for urinalysis 896 934
SPECT See Single photon emission computed tomography
Spectazole See Econazole
Spectinomycin 1572 1574
Spectracef See Cefditoren
Spectrin, abnormality of in hereditary spherocytosis 490
Speech
assessment of in mental status exam 1038
in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders 1057
stroke affecting 991
Speech discrimination
presbyacusis and 188
testing, in hearing loss 180–181
vestibular schwannoma affecting 193
“Speed” 1089
SPEP See Serum protein electrophoresis
Sperm
inadequate transport of, infertility and 750
intracytoplasmic injection of 750
Sperm analysis, in infertility workup 748 953–954 953
Spermatogenesis
hormone therapy for improvement of 1107
radiation exposure affecting 1600
Spermicides, in contraceptive products 756
Sphenoid sinusitis 195
Spherocytes
in autoimmune hemolytic anemia 495
in hereditary spherocytosis 491
Spherocytosis, hereditary 490–491
Sphincter of Oddi disorder, in postcholecystectomy syndrome 688
Sphincterotomy
for choledocholithiasis/cholangitis 689 690
during pregnancy 782
for pancreatitis 696 697
Sphincters See specific type
Sphingolipid, accumulation of in Gaucher's disease 1705 1706
Spider bites 136 1636
Spider nevi, in cirrhosis 669
Spinal cord
arteriovenous malformations of 999
cavitation of (syringomyelia) 1021
in cysticercosis 1511 1512
epidural/subdural hemorrhage and 999
in HIV infection/AIDS 1324
infarction of 999 1021
subacute combined degeneration of 1016–1017
transection of 1021
traumatic injury of 1020–1021
syringomyelia and 1021
tumors of 1003
back pain caused by 817
cord compression by 1003 1689–1690
dysautonomia caused by 987
vascular diseases of 999
vasculitis 851
Spinal muscular atrophy
juvenile 1022
progressive 1022
Spinal poliomyelitis 1366
Spinal shock See Neurogenic shock
Spinal stenosis, lumbar 819–820
Spine See also Spinal cord
bamboo 852
tuberculosis of (Pott's disease) 860
tumors of 1003
back pain caused by 817
cord compression caused by 1003 1689–1690
SPINK1 gene, in chronic pancreatitis 698
Spinnbarkeit, in infertility workup 749
Spinocerebellar degeneration, in vitamin E deficiency 1016
Spiral (helical) CT See also Computed tomography
in colorectal cancer screening (virtual colonoscopy) 16 643 1656
in lung cancer screening 265 1655 1657
in pulmonary embolism 283
in urinary stone evaluation 899 945
Spirillary rat-bite fever 1455
Spirillum minus 1455
Spiritual challenges, for terminally ill/dying patient 83–84 84
Spirochetal infections 1443–1462 1554
non-sexually transmitted 1453–1454
syphilis 1443–1453
Spirometry 222 223 224
in asthma 227
assessment/monitoring/prevention and 237
exacerbation management and 236
in COPD 238
incentive, prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and 42
in lung cancer 270
Spironolactone
for cardiac failure 391 392
for cirrhotic ascites 670
for hirsutism/virilization 1171
for hypertension 429
with hydrochlorothiazide 430
lithium interactions and 1077
for myocardial infarction 360–361
Splenda See Sucralose
Splenectomy
for autoimmune hemolytic anemia 496
babesiosis and 1474
for hereditary spherocytosis 491
for idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura 519
infections and 1289
for myelofibrosis 504
Splenic artery aneurysm 450
Splenic cyst, hydatid 1514
Splenic rupture, in infectious mononucleosis 1359
Splenic vein thrombosis, noncirrhotic portal hypertension caused by 680
Splenomegaly
in chronic myelogenous leukemia 504
in cirrhosis 669
in essential thrombocytosis 502
in hairy cell leukemia 511
in myelofibrosis 503
in noncirrhotic portal hypertension 680
in polycythemia 500
Splinter hemorrhages, in endocarditis 1415
Splints, for rheumatoid arthritis 829–830
Splitting, of second heart sound 315
Spondylitic heart disease 852
Spondylitis, ankylosing See Ankylosing spondylitis
Spondyloarthropathies, seronegative 851–855
back pain in 818
HLA in 851–852
Spondylolisthesis, back pain in 818
Spondylosis, cervical 816 1031
Spongiform encephalopathy, bovine (mad cow disease) 1374–1375
Spontaneous abortion 768–769
with IUD in place 755
in lupus anticoagulant-anticardiolipin-antiphospholipid antibody syndrome 775 776 837
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 559 560–562
in cirrhosis 560 671
Spontaneous pneumothorax See Pneumothorax
Spoon nails 145
Sporanox See Itraconazole
Sporothrix schenckii (sporotrichosis) 1546
Sports medicine injuries 823–826
Spots before eyes (floaters) 151
Spotted fevers 1392 1395–1396
Spousal abuse (domestic violence) 1081 1082
prevention of 16–17
Sprains, ankle 826
Sprue, celiac See Celiac disease
Sputum examination
in ascariasis 1518
blood found on (hemoptysis) 220
in bronchiectasis 244
in COPD 239
in lung cancer 268
in nontuberculous mycobacterial infection 264
in paragonimiasis 1507
in pneumonia 251 254
anaerobic/lung abscess 255
pneumococcal 1403
pneumocystis 256 1322 1541
in tuberculosis 257
Squamous cell carcinoma
of anus 648
in HIV infection/AIDS 648
of bladder 967
of ear canal 183
intraepidermal (Bowen's disease) 107
of larynx 211–212 212
laryngeal leukoplakia and 210
of lung 267
nasopharyngeal 201
inverted/schneiderian papillomas and 200
metastatic neck masses and 216
oral 202
of skin 130–131
actinic keratoses and 107 130
of vulva 739 740
P.1866
Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) 734 735
“Square root” sign 404 410
Squaric acid dibutylester, for wart removal 129
Squatting, heart murmurs affected by 329
SRS See Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy
SS-A/Ro antibody 799 836
in lupus erythematosus 105 799 836
in Sj gren's syndrome 799 836 842–843
SS-B/La antibody 836
in Sj gren's syndrome 836 842–843
SSc See Scleroderma
SSPE See Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
SSRIs See Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors
ST elevation acute coronary syndromes 347 352
ST elevation (Q wave) infarction 355 356
percutaneous coronary intervention for 360
pericarditis and 364
ventricular aneurysm and 364
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) 1711–1714 1713
St. Louis encephalitis 1371–1373
ST segment changes
in acute coronary syndromes 352
in angina 344 346
Prinzmetal's (variant) 347
antidepressants causing 1071
antipsychotic drugs causing 1062
in hypertension 426
in hypokalemia 873
in hypomagnesemia 884
in infectious myocarditis 399
in myocardial infarction 353 355 356
in pericarditis 407
in pulmonary embolism 281 282
Stalevo See Entacapone, for parkinsonism, with levodopa and carbidopa
Standard days method of contraception 757
Standing, heart murmurs affected by 329
Stannosis 295
Stapedectomy 187
Staphylococcus (staphylococcal infections)
aureus 1405–1408
atopic dermatitis 95
bacteremia 1407
breast abscess 704
in burn injury 1597
endocarditis 1415 1416 1419
food poisoning/gastroenteritis 545 1300 1301
furuncles 138 1406 1556
glomerulonephritis after 915
impetigo 113
methicillin-resistant (MRSA) 1328 1406 1407 1419 1552
in burn injury 1597–1598
impetigo and 113
nasal vestibulitis 197
osteomyelitis 1406–1407
pneumonia 248 251 252 253 254–255
of skin and soft tissues 1405–1406
in HIV infection/AIDS 1327
toxic shock syndrome 1407–1408
carrier state and 1405
furunculosis/carbuncles and 138 1406
mupirocin for elimination of 1577
cellulitis 125
coagulase-negative 1408
burn wound infection 1408 1597
endocarditis 1408 1415 1419
cohnii 1408
drug resistance and 1328 1406 1407 1408
epidermidis 1408
folliculitis 118 1406
haemolyticus 1408
hominis 1408
keratitis 158
methicillin-resistant 1328 1406 1407 1552
in burn injury 1597–1598
impetigo and 113
non-penicillinase-producing 1552
penicillinase-producing 1552
saccharolyticus 1408
saprophyticus 1408
warnerii 1408
STARI (Southern tick-associated rash illness) 1457
Starling's law of the heart 386
Starlix See Nateglinide
Starvation See Protein-energy malnutrition
Stasis dermatitis 474
leg ulcers and 141 474
Statin drugs (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) 1250
for acute coronary syndrome 354
antiretroviral drug interactions and 1340
in cancer prevention 1653
for lipid modification/heart disease prevention 8–9 341 365 1242 1243 1250 1251
in HIV infection/AIDS 1340
perioperative administration of 38 38
rhabdomyolysis/myopathy/myositis caused by 841 843 1102
stroke risk lowered by 994 1250
Statoconia, vertigo associated with 191
Status epilepticus 982
after alcohol withdrawal 986
nonconvulsive 986
in theophylline overdose 1636 1637
tonic-clonic 986
Statutory rape 759
Stauffer's syndrome 970
Stavudine (d4T) 1337 1339–1340 1342 1343
neuropathy and 1325
resistance to 1344 1344
STDs See Sexually transmitted diseases
Steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic (NASH) 667 668
Steatorrhea 600 601 602
Steatosis, hepatic See Fatty liver
Stein-Leventhal syndrome See Polycystic ovary syndrome
Stelazine See Trifluoperazine
Stem cell/bone marrow transplantation 802–803
Stem cell disorders
aplastic anemia 497–498 497
leukemias/myeloproliferative disorders 499–512 499 500
myelodysplasia 506–507
Steno-2 study 1205
Stensen's duct, calculus formation in 208
Stents/stent grafts (“covered stents”)
for abdominal aortic aneurysm 447–448
biliary, for biliary stricture 690
for esophageal cancer 578
intracoronary 350–351 360
preoperative 39
intraurethral, for benign prostatic hyperplasia 961
for lower extremity occlusive disease 454
for renal artery stenosis 460 914
for thoracoabdominal aneurysm 449
for visceral aneurysms 450 451
Stereotactic core needle biopsies, in breast cancer 712
Sterile pyuria, in tuberculosis 930
Sterility See Infertility
Sterilization, for birth control 758
Steroid acne/folliculitis 115 118
Steroid rosacea 91 118
Steroids See Anabolic steroids; Corticosteroids
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (erythema multiforme major) 122–123
drugs causing 122 146 147 793
herpes simplex infection causing 1351
Stewart-Treves syndrome 476
STI571 See Imatinib mesylate
Stibogluconate (antimony), for leishmaniasis 1481 1481–1482 1483 1484
Stiff man syndrome 1102 1696 1698
Stiffness
immobility in elderly and 60
in myotonic dystrophy/myotonia congenita 1036 1037
in rheumatoid arthritis 827
Still's disease 833
Stimulant laxatives 543 544
Stimulants
abuse of 1088–1089
kindling and 1082 1089
for depression 1068
in elderly 1068 1095
for narcolepsy 1080
Stings See Insect bites/stings
Stippling (nail) 145
in psoriasis 97 145
Stomach disorders 582–600
Gastric
anisakiasis causing 585 1516
radiation causing 1600
tumors
benign 596
malignant 596–600 597
Stomatitis
herpetic 108 204
ulcerative (aphthous ulcers) 204
in HIV infection/AIDS 1326
Stool See also Stool analysis
blood in See Diarrhea, bloody; Dysentery; Fecal occult blood testing
impacted See Fecal impaction
incontinence of 646–647
leukocytes in See Fecal leukocytes
rice water, in cholera 1428
Stool analysis
in amebiasis 1469 1470
in antibiotic-associated colitis 619
in ascariasis 1518
in bacterial overgrowth 605
in celiac disease 602
in clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis 1506
in coccidiosis and microsporidiosis 1476
in cryptosporidiosis 546 550 1477
in diarrhea 546 549–550 1300 1476
in fascioliasis 1505
in fasciolopsiasis 1504
for genetic mutations 642
in giardiasis 546 550 1479
in hookworm disease 1525
in intestinal amebiasis 550
P.1867
in isosporiasis 1477
for ova and parasites 546 550
in schistosomiasis 1503
in strongyloidiasis 1530
in tapeworm infections 1509
in trichuriasis/whipworm 1533
Stool Giardia antigen assay 546 550 1479
Stool impaction See Fecal impaction
Stool laxative screen 549
Stool osmolality, in diarrhea 549
Stool surfactants/softeners 543 543
Stool weight, in diarrhea evaluation 549 550
Storage pool disease 525
Storage pool iron See Iron, storage
Straight leg raising test 818
Strains (musculotendinous), cervical 815
Strawberry gallbladder 687
Strawberry tongue 1400
Strep throat See Streptococcus (streptococcal infections), pharyngitis
Streptobacillary fever, rat-bite fever differentiated from 1455
Streptococcus (streptococcal infections) 1400–1403
bovis, endocarditis caused by 1402 1418
endocarditis 417–418 1402 1415 1418
erysipelas 124 1401 1556
glomerulonephritis after 915 917 1400
group A See Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
group B See Group B streptococcal infection
impetigo 113 1401 1556
non-group A 1402 1552
pharyngitis 204–206 1400–1401 1556
pneumoniae 248 1403 1405 1552 1556
drug resistance and 252 1404 1405
in pregnancy 766 780
pyogenes See Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
rheumatic fever after 405 1400 1401
of skin 1401
toxic shock-like syndrome caused by 1402
viridans 1402 1552
endocarditis caused by 1402 1415 1417–1418
Streptogramins 1579
Streptokinase See also Thrombolytic therapy
for myocardial infarction 358 359
Streptomycin 260 1572 1573
adverse ocular effects of 179
resistance to 1573
for tuberculosis 260 261
contraindications to in pregnancy 262
Stress disorders (psychiatric/psychologic) 1041–1043
irritable bowel syndrome and 615 616 618
posttraumatic 1042 1082
Stress gastritis/ulcers 583
gastrointestinal bleeding and 552 583
in respiratory failure 309 583
Stress incontinence 63 932 947–948 948–949
Stress testing See also Exercise testing
cardiopulmonary 224–225
echocardiography 316–317
in angina 346
in cardiac failure 390
electrocardiography 316
perfusion scintigraphy, in angina 345
postinfarction 365
preoperative 415
radionuclide angiography, in angina 345
Striae distensae 1169
Stridor 209
laryngeal papillomas causing 209
vocal cord paralysis causing 213
“String sign” 457
Stroke 456–458 990–999 992
acupuncture in rehabilitation after 1724 1725
arteriovenous malformations causing 992 997–998
atrial fibrillation and 375 375
anticoagulation in prevention of 375 376 377
in elderly 65
carotid occlusion causing 456–458 989 991 992
cerebral infarct causing 991–994 992
COX-2 inhibitors associated with 830–831
estrogen replacement therapy affecting incidence of 761 1188
hemorrhagic 456 992
hypertension and 425
intracerebral hemorrhage causing 992 994–995
intracranial aneurysm causing 992 996–997
intracranial venous thrombosis causing 998
ischemic (infarcts) 992
lacunar infarct causing 456 991 992
occlusive cerebrovascular disease causing 456–458 992
oral contraceptive use and 753
postoperative 44
prevention of 5–12
antihypertensive treatment and 11–12
carotid endarterectomy in 457 990
in elderly 55
in sickle cell disease 493
spinal cord vascular disease causing 999
statin drugs affecting risk of 994 1250
subarachnoid hemorrhage causing 992 995–996
transient ischemic attacks and 456 988 989
treatment of 457
vertebrobasilar occlusion causing 991–993 992
Stroke (heat) 1594–1595
Stroke volume
in aortic regurgitation 335
during pregnancy 416
Stroke work index (SWI), in myocardial infarction 357
Stromal tumors (gastrointestinal stromal tumor/GIST)
chemotherapy for 1669
of small intestine
benign 610
malignant 612
of stomach 599
Strongyloides fulleborni/stercoralis (strongyloidiasis) 1529–1531
eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes and 280
Strontium
for chemotherapy-induced toxicity/bone pain 1678 1688
for osteoporosis 1158
Struma ovarii 1135 1142
Struvite urinary stones 943 946
Strychnine poisoning, seizures caused by 1610
Stunning, myocardial 342–343
Stupor 1017–1019
Sturge-Weber syndrome 1006
Sty (external hordeolum) 154
SU5416, in cancer treatment 1699
SU011248, in cancer treatment 1699
Subacute cerebellar degeneration See Cerebellar degeneration
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord 1016–1017
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) 105
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 1363
myoclonus in 1012
Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis 1131 1135 1141 1144–1145 1146
Subarachnoid hemorrhage 992 995–996
arteriovenous malformations causing 997–998
spinal 999
headache in 32 978 995
hypopituitarism and 1104
intracranial aneurysms causing 996
oral contraceptive use and 753
Subarachnoid space cysts, in cysticercosis 1510 1512
Subareolar abscess 704–705
nipple discharge caused by 704
Subclavian steal syndrome 989
Subclavian vessels, compression of in thoracic outlet/cervical rib syndromes 467–468 468 816 1031
Subcutaneous cysticercosis 1511
Subcutaneous insulin infusion, continuous See Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
Subcutaneous nodules
in cysticercosis 1511
in nocardiosis 1437
in onchocerciasis 1527
in paragonimiasis 1507
in rheumatic fever 405
in rheumatoid arthritis 827 828
gouty tophi differentiated from 812 828
in sporotrichosis 1546
Subdural hemorrhage/hematoma
cerebral
acute 1020
chronic 61 1020
spinal 999
Suberosis 296
Sublingual glands 207
Submandibular glands 207
sialadenitis affecting 208
tumors of 208
Subperichondrial hematoma 200
Substance P, in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting 1682
Substance use disorders 1082–1090
acupuncture for 1729
breast feeding and 786
cognitive disorders/delirium caused by withdrawal and 1091 1093
concerns about, pain management in terminally ill/dying patient and 73
hallucinations/hallucinosis caused by 1092
infections and 1298–1299
overdoses See Poisoning/drug overdose
pregnancy and 765
preventable deaths caused by 2
prevention of/screening tests for 17–19 18 19
psychotic behavior caused by 1058
toxicology screening for 1615
Subtentorial lesions See also Brain stem
coma or stupor caused by 1018
P.1868
Subungual capillary pulsations (Quincke's pulses) 335
Subungual warts 127 128
Succimer (DMSA)
for arsenic poisoning 1620
for lead poisoning 1627
for mercury poisoning 1627
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutations, in pheochromocytoma 1175–1176
Succinylcholine
lithium interactions and 1077
monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and 1074
Sucralfate
for NSAID gastritis 583
reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia and 253
for stress gastritis 583
Sucralose, for diabetics 1206
Sudden death 380–381
aborted, driving recommendations and 385
of athlete 417–418
cardiomyopathy causing 403
cardiomyopathy and 403
myocardial infarction and 356 380
ventricular fibrillation causing 356 380–381
ventricular premature beats and 379
ventricular tachycardia and 380
Sudeck's atrophy 822
Suicide 1067–1068
alcohol use/abuse and 1083
antidepressant overdose in 1068 1068–1069 1637
carbon monoxide poisoning and 1621
clinician-assisted 69
depression associated with hospitalization and medical-surgical disorders and 1097
dispensing medications and 1068 1068–1069
in elderly 1094
hospitalization for patient threatening 1041
panic disorder and 1043
personality disorders and 1055 1056
preventable deaths caused by 2
in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders 1067
Sular See Nisoldipine
Sulbactam, with penicillin 1564
Sulconazole 89
Sulfacetamide, for ophthalmic disorders 176
Sulfadiazine, silver, for burn wounds 1597
Sulfadoxine, with pyrimethamine (Fansidar) 1488 1494–1495
resistance to 1491
Sulfamethoxazole See also Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Sulfasalazine
for inflammatory bowel disease 621
ulcerative colitis 629 630
nutrients affected by 1260
for rheumatoid arthritis 832
Sulfinpyrazone, for gout 813
Sulfonamides 1575–1576
adverse effects of 1576
ocular 179
for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment 1488
nutrients affected by 1260
ophthalmic 176
Sulfones
for leprosy 1576–1577
for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment 1488
Sulfonylureas 1206–1209 1207 1218
intensive therapy with 1203–1205
monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and 1074
safety of 1211
Sulindac 76
in colorectal cancer prevention 1650
for familial adenomatous polyposis 635
in pain management 76
Sumatriptan, for migraine headache 976
Summer grippe 1389
Sun exposure See Ultraviolet light/sunlight, exposure to
Sunday neuroses 1043
“Sundowning” 1091
Sunett See Acesulfame potassium
Sunscreens 91
in cancer prevention 91 1648
in herpes simplex prophylaxis 108
for hyperpigmentation disorders 143
for lupus erythematosus 105 835
for photodermatitis/photosensitivity 140
Superficial spreading melanoma 94
Superficial venous thrombophlebitis 472–473
Superior vena cava obstruction/syndrome 267 302 475
Superoxide dismutase gene, copper-zinc, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1022
Superwarfarins, poisoning caused by 1618–1619
Supplements
dietary 1719–1722 1720
hepatic failure and 658
regulation/quality assurance and 1710 1719
oral, in nutritional support 1280
Support groups See also Group therapy
for alcohol use/abuse 1075 1085
for anxiety disorders 1047
for depression 1075
for inflammatory bowel disease 622
in obesity management 1268
for paraphilias and gender identity disorders 1054
for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders 1064–1065
for somatoform disorders 1049
for surgery- or illness-related disorders 1097
for victim of violence 1082
Suppressor T cells See also CD8 T cells
Supraclavicular lymph nodes
in breast cancer 710
palpation for evaluation of 710
Supraglottic carcinoma 211 212 212
Supraglottitis (epiglottitis) 209
Haemophilus influenzae causing 1422
Supranuclear palsy, progressive, parkinsonism differentiated from 1008
Supraspinatus muscle, in rotator cuff disorders 823
Supratentorial arteriovenous malformations 997–998
Supratentorial mass lesions, coma or stupor caused by 1018
Supraventricular arrhythmias 371–379
differentiation of aberrantly conducted beats from ventricular beats and 372
Supraventricular tachycardia
accessory atrioventricular pathways causing (preexcitation syndromes) 374
in myocardial infarction 361–362
paroxysmal 372–374
Suprax See Cefixime
Suramin, for African trypanosomiasis 1464 1465
Surface antigens, immune cell See also under CD
Surgery See also specific disorder or procedure
antibiotic prophylaxis for wound infection and 46–48 47
anxiety before/after 1095–1096
for cancer 1658–1660
with chemotherapy 1661
with radiation therapy 1658 1659
cardiac complications of/in cardiac patient 36–41 36 37 38 39 414–415
corticosteroid replacement requirement and 46
in diabetic patient 44–46 44
evaluation of patient before 35–48
hyponatremia after 869
insulin needs and 45–46 45 1226
nausea and vomiting after, acupuncture for 1726 1728–1729
patient management and 35–48
physiologic effects of 35
liver function and 42
during pregnancy 782–783
psychiatric problems associated with 1095–1097
for refractive error correction 153–154
venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism prevention and 286 287
for wart removal 128–129
Surgery proneness (polysurgery) 1096 1097
somatization disorder and 1048
Surgical menopause See Menopause, surgical
Surmontil See Trimipramine
Surrogate, Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care designating 70
Susceptibility testing
antimicrobial 1551
in HIV infection/AIDS 1344–1345 1344 1345
Sustiva See Efavirenz
SVR See Systemic vascular resistance
Swallowing disorders See Dysarthria; Dysphagia; Odynophagia
Swan-neck deformity 828
Sweat test, in cystic fibrosis 245
Sweating
fluid loss in, replacement guidelines for 895
heat loss by 1593
in myocardial infarction 356
in pheochromocytoma 1174
Sweet One See Acesulfame potassium
Sweeteners, artificial, for diabetics 1206
Sweet's syndrome 1697 1698
SWI See Stroke work index
Swimming pool granuloma 1438
Swinging light test 152
SWL See Shock wave lithotripsy
Sycosis 118–119
Sydenham's chorea, in rheumatic fever 405 1011
Symblepharon 172
Sympathectomy
for complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) 467
for frostbite 1592
for Raynaud's disease/phenomenon 465
for thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) 463
P.1869
Sympathetic blocks
for complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) 467
for frostbite 1592
Sympathetic nervous system, in hypertension 420
peripheral inhibitors in management of 437 438
Sympatholytic agents, central 437 438
overdose/toxicity of 437 1613 1622–1623
Sympatholytic syndrome, in poisoning/drug overdose 1613
Sympathomimetic agents
for allergies 789 789
antidepressant drug interactions and 1074
for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 173
monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and 1073 1074
Sympathomimetic syndrome, in poisoning/drug overdose 1613
Symptom evaluation/management 20–34
Symptothermal natural family planning 756–757
Syncope/near syncope 384–385 956
in aortic stenosis 333 385
arrhythmias causing 366 385
cardiogenic 313 385
in cardiomyopathy 403
driving recommendations and 385
dysautonomia and 986 987
evaluation of 384–385 987
autonomic (tilt table) testing in 368 384 987
heat 1593
neurocardiogenic (vasovagal/vasomotor) 313 384
seizures differentiated from 982–983
stress-induced 418
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) 868–869 868
cancer-related 267 868 868 1696
in HIV infection/AIDS 871
Syndrome X (metabolic syndrome/insulin resistance syndrome/CHAOS) 343 1197–1198 1252 1267 1268
coronary heart disease and 339 347
hypertension and 422
obesity and 1098 1099 1267 1268
Synechiae, posterior, in uveitis 162
Synephrine, in “Ephedra-free” weight loss products 1718
Synercid See Quinupristin/dalfopristin
Synergistic gangrene, bacterial 1435
Synergistic necrotizing cellulitis 1435
Synovectomy 863
Synovial fluid examination 807 808 809 809
in gonococcal arthritis 857
in rheumatoid arthritis 828
in septic (nongonococcal) arthritis 856
Synovitis
in Lyme disease 1459
in rheumatoid arthritis 827
Synpharyngitic hematuria 917
Syphilis 1443–1453 1554 1557
anorectal involvement and 645 1448
cardiovascular involvement and 1443 1444 1448 1450 1557
cerebrospinal fluid examination in 1446 1449 1451 1452
congenital 1443 1453
course/prognosis of 1447 1448
drug therapy for 1446
complications of 1446–1447
HIV infection/AIDS and 1332 1447 1452
postexposure 1447
serologic tests in evaluation of 1445
early 1443 1557
endemic 1454
follow-up care in 1447
gummatous 1443 1444 1448 1450
in HIV infection/AIDS 1332 1443 1446 1447 1452
incidence of 1443–1444
late (tertiary) 1443 1444 1448 1449–1450 1557
latent 1443 1448 1557
early (relapsing syphilis) 1443 1449 1557
late (hidden) 1449 1557
meningovascular 1444 1449 1451
microscopic examination in 1445–1446
neurologic involvement in See Neurosyphilis
penicillin for 1446 1447 1448 1449 1563
HIV infection/AIDS and 1332 1447 1452
neurosyphilis and 1451 1452
pregnancy and 1453
prophylactic 1447
during pregnancy 780 1452–1453
prevention of 1447
in HIV infection/AIDS 1332
primary 1444 1447–1448 1557
public health measures in management of 1446
rape/sexual assault in transmission of 759 1297
secondary 1444 1448–1449
pityriasis rosea differentiated from 99
serologic tests for 1444–1445 1444
false-positive, antiphospholipid antibody/lupus anticoagulant causing 532 835 837
in HIV infection/AIDS 1332 1446 1447 1452
in newborn 1453
in pregnancy 765 1452
stages of 1443 1444 1447–1453 1448
treatment failures and 1447
uveitis in 162
Syringobulbia 1021
Syringomyelia 1021
Syrup of ipecac, for poisoning/drug overdose 1611
Systemic fibrosing syndrome, Dupuytren's contracture and 822
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), shock and 477 479
Systemic lupus erythematosus 833–837 834 835 836
arthritis in 834 835
rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from 829
autoantibodies in 799 834 835 836
cardiac/pericardial involvement in 413 834–835
chilblain in 1591
criteria for 834 835
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for 835 1721 1721
drugs associated with 298 793 834 834
HLA in 801 834
lupus anticoagulant in 532 835 836
renal involvement in 835 835 924
Systemic sclerosis 838–840
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR), in shock 479
Systolic blood pressure, in hypertension 419
urgencies/emergencies 442
Systolic dysfunction See Congestive heart (cardiac) failure
Systolic murmurs 315
EAN: 2147483647
Pages: 71
- Chapter III Two Models of Online Patronage: Why Do Consumers Shop on the Internet?
- Chapter IV How Consumers Think About Interactive Aspects of Web Advertising
- Chapter VI Web Site Quality and Usability in E-Commerce
- Chapter IX Extrinsic Plus Intrinsic Human Factors Influencing the Web Usage
- Chapter XVII Internet Markets and E-Loyalty