I
Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.
Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition
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M
M mode echocardiography See also Echocardiography
M184V mutation, antiretroviral drug resistance and 1344
Ma-huang (ephedra) 1712 1718
safety/toxicity of 1711 1718
MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex) infections See Mycobacterium (mycobacterial infections), avium complex
Macroglobulinemia
neuropathy associated with 1025
Waldenstr m's See Waldenstr m's macroglobulinemia
Macrolides 1569
for pneumonia 252
for streptococcal pharyngitis 1401
Macropsia, temporal lobe lesions causing 1001
Macular degeneration, age-related 164–165
Maculopathy/macular edema
age-related 164
diabetic 1221
Mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) 1374–1375
MADH4 gene
in familial juvenile polyposis 636
in pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma 700
Maduromycosis 1547
Magnesium 883 1259
dietary/supplementary 1259
for hypocalcemia 878
for hypomagnesemia 884
for hypoparathyroidism/tetany 1148
requirements for
dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for 1256
in nutritional support 1282
restriction of in renal failure 884 912
disorders of concentration of 883–884
genetic disorders associated with 874
in hypocalcemia 878 883
hypokalemia and 874 883
laboratory reference range (normal values) for 866 883 1740
serum levels of
calcium serum levels and 883
in hypermagnesemia 884
in hypomagnesemia management 884
urinary excretion of, in hypomagnesemia 884
Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (struvite) urinary stones 943 946
Magnesium chloride See Magnesium, dietary/supplementary
Magnesium citrate, for constipation/bowel cleansing 543 544
Magnesium hydroxide 543
Magnesium oxide See Magnesium, dietary/supplementary
Magnesium salicylate 76
choline 75
Magnesium sulfate
for asthma 237
for constipation 543 544
for eclampsia 773
for hypomagnesemia 884
for hypoparathyroidism/tetany 1148
for poisoning/drug overdose 1612
for preterm labor prevention 784
Magnetic fields, in energy medicine 1709
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
in carotid occlusive disease 456
in lower extremity occlusive disease 453–454
in renal artery stenosis 914
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), in liver disease/jaundice 652
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) See also specific disorder and Neuroimaging
for breast cancer screening 1655
cardiac 317 346
in deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism 284
in liver disease/jaundice 650–652
in myocardial infarction 357
in pheochromocytoma 1176
in prostate cancer 963
in renal disease 900
in seizures 982
P.1826
in thyroid cancer 1125
in tumor size evaluation 1686
Mahaim fibers, in preexcitation syndromes 374
Major depressive disorder 1066 1068
Malabsorption 600–607 600
bacterial overgrowth causing 604–605
in celiac disease 601–603
in Crohn's disease 624
diarrhea caused by 548 549 550
in giardiasis 1479
HIV infection/AIDS 1327
hyperoxaluric calcium nephrolithiasis and 946
in lactase deficiency 600 606–607
in scleroderma 838 839
in short bowel syndrome 605–606
in Whipple's disease 603–604
Malaria 1486–1498
cerebral 1487 1497
consultative resources regarding 1488
drug resistance in 1489 1490–1491 1491–1492 1496 1497
in drug users 1299
prevention of 1487–1488
chemoprophylaxis and 1488–1496 1489
nonimmune populations and 1489 1495–1496
pregnancy and 1496
emergency (standby) self-treatment and 1488 1496
exposure risk and 1488
mosquito control and 1488
recrudescence and 1486
relapse and 1486
treatment of 1488–1496 1490–1491
Malarone (atovaquone plus proguanil) 1488 1489 1490 1493 1495 1496 1497
emergency self treatment and 1488
resistance to 1492 1493
Malassezia furfur
folliculitis caused by 118
seborrheic dermatitis caused by 100 1328
tinea versicolor caused by 104
Malathion, poisoning caused by 1631–1632
Male breast
carcinoma of 726–727
enlargement of See Gynecomastia
Male erectile dysfunction See Erectile dysfunction
Male infertility See Infertility
Malignant ascites 559 562–563
Malignant carcinoid syndrome See Carcinoid syndrome
Malignant effusions 1692–1694
Malignant external otitis (otogenic skull base osteomyelitis) 182–183 186
Malignant hypertension 442
headache in 32
Malignant hyperthermia 1610
Malignant melanoma See Melanoma
Malignant neoplastic disease See Cancer
Malingering, pseudoseizures and 983
Mallory bodies/hyalin (alcoholic hyaline) 667
Mallory-Weiss syndrome/tears 538 552 572
Malnutrition See also Nutritional disorders
alcoholic ketoacidosis and 888
alcoholic liver disease and 664
assessment/clinical signs of 1263–1264 1264 1265
in elderly 64
malabsorption and 600
neuropathy associated with 1025
protein-energy 1264–1267
Malocclusion (dental)
earache and 187
facial pain and 979
Maloprim (pyrimethamine plus dapsone) 1488
MALT lymphoma (MALToma) 513 598–599
Helicobacter pylori infection and 584 598–599 1644
thyroid 1124 1127 1129
Maltese crosses 920
Mammographic localization biopsy 712
Mammography 14 15 707–708 708–709 711 712 1654–1655
biopsy localization and 712
breast implants and 705
computerized stereotactic guided core needle biopsy and 712
digital 708 1655
estrogen replacement therapy and 1188 1645
Mammoplasty, augmentation See also Breast implants
disorders associated with 705
Manganese, dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for 1256
Mania/manic episodes 1066 1066–1067
drug therapy for 1075–1078 1077
ECT for 1073
schizophrenia differentiated from 1058 1067
sleep disorders and 1079
Manifest deviation (tropia) 152
Mannitol, lithium interactions and 1077
Manometry, esophageal 565
in achalasia 580
in motility disorders 581
Mansonella, ozzardi/perstans/streptocerca 1522
Mansonia mosquitoes See Mosquitoes
Mantle cell lymphoma 513
Mantoux test 258–259 259
MAO inhibitors See Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Maple bark strippers disease 296
Maprotiline 1072
Marasmus/marasmus-like secondary protein-energy malnutrition 1265–1266
Marburg hemorrhagic fever 1376
Marfan's syndrome 1707–1708
aortic disorders/aneurysm in 414 449 1707 1708
mitral valve prolapse and 414 1708
pregnancy and 416 417
sudden death in athletes and 418
Marginal blepharitis 100 155
Marijuana 1088
for nausea and vomiting 540
in AIDS wasting 1322
MARS See Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System
Mask of pregnancy See Melasma
Masochism, sexual 1052
Massage therapy 1709
Masson bodies, in cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis 278
Mast cell stabilizers/mediator inhibitors
for asthma 231
for ophthalmic disorders 175
Mastectomy 1658
antibiotic prophylaxis for 47
arm edema after 725
breast conserving therapy and 717–718 1658
breast reconstruction after 718 725–726
local recurrence and 705 725
for ductal carcinoma 716
genetic susceptibility to cancer and 706 1657
for lobular carcinoma 716
local recurrence after 725
lymphedema after 477
in male 727
modified radical 718
for phyllodes tumor of breast 703
pregnancy/lactation and 716
prophylactic 706 1657
radiation therapy after 718
radical 718
recommendations regarding 718
skin-sparing 718
timing of, menstrual cycle and 717
Mastication, facial pain associated with 979
Mastitis, puerperal 787
Mastoiditis 186
anaerobic 1434
Maternal age See Age/aging, maternal
Math-1, in gene therapy for hearing loss 189
Maturity-onset diabetes of young (MODY) 1195 1197
Mavik See Trandolapril
Maxair See Pirbuterol
Maxillary sinusitis/empyema 195 196
Maximal oxygen uptake, lung cancer surgery and 270
Maxipime See Cefepime
Maxzide See Triamterene, with hydrochlorothiazide
May-Thurner syndrome 471
Mazindol, for obesity 1269
Mazzotti oral test, for onchocerciasis 1528
MBC (minimal bactericidal concentration) 1551
McArdle's disease 1102
McCune-Albright syndrome 1110
MCH See Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
MCHC See Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
MCKD1/MCKD2 genes, in medullary sponge kidney 928
McMurray's test 825–826
MCTD See Mixed/overlap connective tissue disease
MCV See Mean corpuscular volume
M.D. Anderson staging system, for testicular cancer 971
MDIs See Metered-dose inhalers
MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) 1090 1618
hyponatremia caused by 869 1618
MDR See Multidrug resistance
MDR1 gene, multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy and 1660
MDRD formula See Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula
MDRTB See Multidrug resistance, in tuberculosis
Meal replacement diets, in obesity management 1268
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), laboratory reference range for 1740
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), laboratory reference range for 1740
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
alcohol use/abuse and 1085
P.1827
in anemia classification 481
laboratory reference range for 1740
Measles (rubeola) 1355 1362–1364
atypical 1355 1363
immunization against 1304 1305–1306 1307–1309 1363–1364
Measles encephalitis 1363
Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine See MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine
Meat See Beef
Mebendazole
for ascariasis 1519
for dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection) 1520
for enterobiasis/pinworm infection 1521 1522
for hookworm disease 1526
for trichuriasis/whipworm 1534
Mechanical ventilation 308
for ARDS 310
for asthma 237
for coma caused by poisoning/drug overdose 1607 1608
complications of 308
for COPD 242
for near drowning victim 1602
pneumonia and 253 254
for respiratory failure 308
tracheotomy for 213
withdrawal of, in end-of-life care 82 83
Mechlorethamine 1672
Meclofenamate 76
Meclomen See Meclofenamate
Medial epicondylitis 824
Medial meniscus injuries 825–826
Median nerve compression, in carpal tunnel syndrome 821–822
Mediastinal masses 274–275
Mediastinal widening, drug-induced 298
Mediator inhibitors, for asthma 231
Medical (advance) directives 70
Medications See also under Drug
compliance with regimen for 1–2
Medicinal herbs See Herbal medicine
Mediterranean diet 1247–1248
Mediterranean fever, familial 563
Mediterranean spotted fever 1392
Medrol Dosepak See Methylprednisolone
Medroxyprogesterone 1673
for abnormal premenopausal bleeding 729
in cancer chemotherapy 1673
for contraceptive injection 754
for endometriosis 740
for postmenopausal vaginal bleeding 730
for psychosexual disorders 1054
Medrysone, for ophthalmic disorders 174
Medullary cystic kidney 927 929
Medullary sponge kidney 927 928–929
Medulloblastoma 1000
Mefenamic acid 76
for pain management 76
Mefloquine 1489 1490 1492–1493 1496 1497
in pregnancy 1493
resistance to 1492
Mefoxin See Cefoxitin
MEFV gene 563
Megace See Megestrol
Megacolon
in Chagas' disease 1466 1467
toxic
acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) differentiated from 608
in ulcerative colitis 629
Megaesophagus, in Chagas' disease 1466 1467
Megakaryocytes
in essential thrombocytosis 502
in myelodysplasia 507
Megaloblastic anemia
folic acid deficiency causing 489
malabsorption and 600
subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord and 1017
vitamin B12 deficiency causing 487
fish tapeworm infection and 487 1509
Megathrombocytes, in idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura 519
Megestrol 1192 1673
for AIDS wasting 1322
for breast cancer 721 722
in cancer chemotherapy 1673 1688
Meglitinide analogs, for diabetes mellitus 1207 1209
Meglumine antimoniate, for leishmaniasis 1481 1481–1482
Meibomian gland
abscess of (hordeolum) 154
inflammation of
blepharitis and 155
chalazion and 154
Melacine (melanoma vaccine) 1700
Melancholia 1066
involutional (postmenopausal depression) 760 1187
Melanocortin receptors, in obesity 1098
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, in obesity 1098
Melanoma 92 94 1665
atypical nevi and 93
congenital nevi and 93
familial 93
immunotherapy for (melanoma vaccines) 1700
incidence/mortality of 94 1640
interferon for 1669
Melanosis, arsenical, hyperpigmentation in 143
Melarsoprol, for African trypanosomiasis 1464 1465
MELAS syndrome 1037 1196
Melasma (chloasma) 143 1100
oral contraceptive use and 143 753 1100
MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) 665 673
Melena
in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis/gastropathy 582
in gastrointestinal bleeding 551 555 557
in Mallory-Weiss syndrome 572
in peptic ulcer disease 592
Melioidosis 1553
in drug users 1299
Mellaril See Thioridazine
Meloxicam, peptic ulcers and 587
Melphalan 1672
Memantine 57 1093
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis/glomerulonephropathy 916 920 924–925
hepatitis C infection and 655 924
Membranous nephropathy 920 921–922
hepatitis C infection and 924
in systemic lupus erythematosus 924
Memory
assessment of, in mental status exam 1038 1039
impairment of
in dementia/delirium 1091 1092
electroconvulsive therapy causing 1073
MEN See Multiple endocrine neoplasia
MEN1 gene mutation, thyroid tumors and 1123
Menarche 1183
age at, breast cancer risk and 705 706
failure of See Amenorrhea
Mendelson's syndrome 295
Menest See Estrogens, oral
M n trier's disease (hypertrophic gastropathy) 585
Meniere's syndrome (endolymphatic hydrops) 191
autoimmune hearing loss and 189
management of 192 193
menin gene, in multiple endocrine neoplasia 1191
Meningeal cysts, in cysticercosis 1510
Meningeal irritation, noninfectious 1295
Meningiomas 999 1000
Meningismus 1295
Meningitis 1293 1555
in anthrax 1412
aseptic/viral 1294
carcinomatous (leptomeningeal metastases) 1001 1690
cephalosporins for 1568
cerebrospinal fluid analysis in 1293 1294
chronic 1293–1294
in coccidioidomycosis 1539 1540
coxsackieviruses causing 1389
cryptococcal 1003 1324 1335 1543
in HIV infection/AIDS 1003 1324 1335 1543
prevention of 1347 1543
echoviruses causing 1390
gonococcal 1432
Haemophilus influenzae causing 1422 1552
headache in 978
herpes simplex 1351
in listeriosis 1414
in Lyme disease 1458 1461
meningococcal 1295 1420–1422
immunization against 1305–1306 1307–1309 1314 1421
in mumps 1365
otogenic 186
in paragonimiasis 1507
in plague 1431
pneumococcal 1295 1404–1405
purulent/bacterial 1293 1293 1295 1555
partially treated 1295
in syphilis 1449 1451
in tick-borne encephalitis 1380
tuberculous 1438–1439
viral See Meningitis, aseptic
Meningococcal (Neisseria meningitidis) infections 1552
meningitis 1295 1420–1422
immunization against 1305–1306 1307–1309 1314 1421
pneumonia 251
Meningococcemia 1356 1421
Meningoencephalitis See also Encephalitis
acanthamoeba 1295 1473
in African trypanosomiasis 1464
amebic 1295 1473
in Chagas' disease 1466
eosinophilic, angiostrongylus causing 1516–1517
in Lyme disease 1458
P.1828
Meningovascular syphilis 1444 1449 1451
Meniscus, medial, injuries of 825–826
Menopause 760–762 1183–1190
age at
average 760 1185
breast cancer risk and 705 706
amenorrhea in 760 1185
depression and (postmenopausal depression/involutional melancholia) 760 1187
estrogen replacement therapy for See Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy
osteoporosis and 760 1155
premature 749
surgical 760
breast cancer risk and 705
estrogen replacement therapy after 761–762
vaginal bleeding after 730
endometrial carcinoma and 738
weight gain and 1099
Menorrhagia 728
iron deficiency anemia and 481
IUD use and 755
Menostar See Estradiol transdermal systems
Menotropins, for male infertility 954
Menstruation/menstrual cycle
abnormalities of, in polycystic ovary syndrome 746–747
age of onset of, breast cancer risk and 705 706
asthma associated with (catamenial asthma) 227
blood loss from 728
iron deficiency anemia and 481
breast cancer surgery and 717
cessation of 760
failure to appear See Amenorrhea
pain associated with See Dysmenorrhea
pneumothorax associated with (catamenial pneumothorax) 303
radiation affecting 1600
Mental retardation
in Down's syndrome 1704
fragile X 1705
in homocystinuria 1706
in Klinefelter's syndrome 1707
in tuberous sclerosis 1006
Mental status, altered
in Cushing's syndrome 1103 1168 1169
endocrine causes of 1103
in renal failure/uremia 910
in shock/impending shock 478
Mental status examination 1038 1039
Mentax See Butenafine
Mepacrine See Quinacrine
Meperidine 74 77
breast feeding and 785
in elderly 65
monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and 1074
overdose/toxicity of 1631
Meralgia paresthetica 1029
Mercaptopurine 1673
allopurinol affecting dosage of 1691
for inflammatory bowel disease 621
Crohn's disease 621 625–626
ulcerative colitis 621
Mercury poisoning 1611 1627–1628
marijuana use and 1088
Meridians, in acupuncture 1723
Meropenem 1569
cost of 1561
therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and 1559
Merrem See Meropenem
MERRF syndrome 1037
Mesalamine, for inflammatory bowel disease 621
Crohn's disease 626
ulcerative colitis 628 629 630
Mescaline 1087 1627
Mesenchymal gastric tumors 599–600
Mesenteric artery aneurysm 450
Mesenteric ischemia/mesenteric artery occlusive disease 459
Mesenteric thrombosis 459
Mesenteric vein occlusion 459
Mesna, for chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis 1677 1683
Mesoridazine 1059 1060
overdose/toxicity of 1060
Mesothelioma 273–274 563 1664
asbestos exposure and 273–274 297
Metabolic acidosis 886–891 886
anion gap See Anion gap acidosis
hyperkalemia and 875
in hypothermia 1590 1591
in mixed disorder 885
in near drowning victim 1603
parenteral nutritional support and 887 890 1284
in poisoning/drug overdose 888
with methanol or ethylene glycol 888 1628
with salicylates 888 1634
posthypocapnic 890 894
in renal failure 888 901 909
Metabolic alkalosis 886 891–893 892
in mixed disorder 885
posthypercapnia 892 893
Metabolic bone disease 1155–1162
in renal failure 911 1150
Metabolic disturbances
cognitive disorders/delirium caused by 1091
coma or stupor caused by 1018–1019
neuropathies associated with 1025
nutritional support and 1283 1284–1285 1284
seizures caused by 980
Metabolic encephalopathy
cancer-related 1004
coma or stupor caused by 1019
Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X/insulin resistance syndrome/CHAOS) 343 1197–1198 1252 1267 1268
coronary heart disease and 339 347
hypertension and 422
obesity and 1098 1099 1267 1268
Metacercariae See Cercariae/metacercariae
Metal-transporter-1, in hemochromatosis 676
Metanephrines, urinary
factors affecting 1175 1175
laboratory reference range for 1740
in pheochromocytoma 1175
Metapneumovirus, human 1381–1382
Metastatic disease See also specific type or structure or organ affected
adjuvant chemotherapy for micrometastases and 1661 1679–1680
surgery in treatment of 1658
Metered-dose inhalers
for asthma therapy 231 234 237
for COPD therapy 241
Metformin
for diabetes mellitus 1208 1209–1210 1217
in combination preparations 1208 1211
intensive therapy with 1203–1205
prevention and 1203
for hirsutism/virilization 1172
lactic acidosis caused by 1210 1212
safety of 1211
Methacholine bronchial provocation testing, in asthma 224 227
cough-variant 219
Methadone 74 77
hypogonadism caused by 1106
for opioid withdrawal/maintenance 1087
overdose/abuse of 1631
for pain management 74 77
Methamphetamine 1618
Methanol poisoning 1611 1615 1628
anion gap/osmolar gap in 872 1614 1614 1628
ethanol for 891 1611
hemodialysis for 1613 1628
Methcathinone 1618
Methedrine 1089
Methemalbuminemia, in hemolytic anemia 490
Methemoglobinemia 1615 1628–1629
dyspnea in 23
laboratory reference range in 1741
Methicillin, staphylococcal infections resistant to 1328 1406 1407 1419 1552
in burn injury 1597–1598
impetigo and 113
Methimazole, for Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism 1138–1139 1139
during pregnancy/lactation 1142
Methionine
in homocystinuria 1706
in hyperhomocysteinemia 1707
Methotrexate 831 1672
breast feeding and 785 786
for Crohn's disease 621 625–626
for ectopic pregnancy 770
for elective abortion 758
immunosuppressive action of 803–804
with leucovorin rescue 831 1677 1684
monitoring concentrations of 1734
nutrients affected by 1260
for psoriasis 99
for rheumatoid arthritis 831
in combination therapy 832
toxicity of 831 1672 1684
for Wegener's granulomatosis 848–849
Methyl alcohol See Methanol
Methyl salicylate See also Salicylates
overdose/toxicity of 1634
Methylcellulose See also Fiber, dietary
for constipation 543
Methyldopa
antidepressant drug interactions and 1074
for hypertension 437 438
during pregnancy 416 437 779
lithium interactions and 1077
monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and 1074
overdose/toxicity of 1622–1623
Methylene blue, for methemoglobinemia 1628–1629
Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, homocysteine levels affected by 1707
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) 1090 1618
hyponatremia caused by 869 1618
P.1829
Methylmalonic acid, laboratory reference range for 1741
Methylphenidate 1068
in elderly 1068 1095
overdose/abuse of 1089
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), parkinsonism caused by 1007
Methylprednisolone 1193
for alcoholic liver disease 665
for allergic contact dermatitis, inappropriateness of 115
for asthma 232 235
for nausea and vomiting 540
4-Methylpyrazole See Fomepizole
Methyltestosterone, for androgen deficiency in women 1188
Methylxanthines, contraindication to in asthma exacerbations 236
Metipranolol, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 161 173
Metoclopramide
for diabetic autonomic neuropathy 1224
for dyspepsia 537
for nausea and vomiting 540 1682
Metolazone 429
Metoprolol
for arrhythmias 369
atrial fibrillation 376
for hypertension 432
perioperative administration of 37 38 415
Metrifonate, for schistosomiasis, withdrawal of from market 1503
Metronidazole 1577–1578
adverse reactions to 1472
for amebiasis 1470 1471 1472
for anaerobic intra-abdominal infections 1435 1578
for antibiotic-associated colitis 620 1578
for bacterial vaginosis 732 1578
cost of 1561 1562
for Crohn's disease 624 625
for dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection) 1520
for giardiasis 1480
for rosacea 118
therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and 1559
for Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis 732
Metyrosine, for pheochromocytoma 1177
Mevacor See Lovastatin
Mexiletine, for arrhythmias 369
Mezlin See Mezlocillin
Mezlocillin, therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and 1559
Mg See Magnesium
MGUS See Monoclonal gammopathy, of unknown significance
Miacalcin See Calcitonin
MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) 1551
Micafungin 1585
Micardis See Telmisartan
Mice
lymphocytic choriomeningitis transmission and 1373 1374
rickettsialpox transmission and 1392 1396
Miconazole 89
for vaginal candidiasis 732 1536
Micro-Coombs test See Coombs test
Microalbuminuria, in diabetes/diabetic nephropathy 923 1222
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemias 490 497 521
in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 530
hemolytic-uremic syndrome and 522
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and 497 521 521
Microarray studies, DNA, cancer development studied with 1641
Microbes See Infection/infectious diseases
β2-Microglobulin
in hemochromatosis 676
in myeloma 516
Microlithiasis (biliary sludge) 684
Micrometastases, adjuvant chemotherapy for 1661 1679–1680
Micronase See Glyburide
Micronor See Progestins
Micropsia, temporal lobe lesions causing 1001
Microsatellite instability
fecal DNA assay for 642
in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) 636–637 1643
Microscopic colitis 549 631
Microscopic polyangiitis 849–850
autoantibodies in 849 916
glomerulonephritis and 849 916 918
Microsporidiosis 1475–1478
Microwave hyperthermia, for benign prostatic hyperplasia 961
Micturition See also Voiding
syncope associated with 384
Midamor See Amiloride
Midazolam 1045 1045
for seizures, status epilepticus and 986
Middle ear 184–187
infection of See Otitis, media
neoplasia of 187
trauma to 187
Midline malignant reticulosis 201
Mifepristone (RU 486)
for elective abortion 758
for emergency contraception 757
for psychotic depression 1068
Miglitol 1208 1211
Migraine, nausea and vomiting in 539 975
Migraine equivalent 975
Migraine headache 974 975–976 976
acupuncture for 1728
oral contraceptive use and 753
transient ischemic attacks differentiated from 990
vertigo and 192
Migrainous neuralgia (cluster headache) 974 976–977
Migrainous vertigo 192
Miliaria 119–120
crystallina/pustulosa/rubra 120
Milieu therapy, hospitalization for 1041
Milk, raw
brucellosis and 1429
campylobacter infection and 1428
tick-borne encephalitis and 1380
Milk-alkali syndrome 879
Milk (lactose) intolerance 600 606–607
diarrhea caused by 549 606
flatus caused by 545 606
Milk of magnesia 543 544
Milkers' nodules (paravaccinia) 1388
Milrinone, for cardiac failure 394–395
infarct-associated 363
Milroy's disease 476
Miltefosine, for leishmaniasis 1481 1482 1483 1484
Mind-body medicine 1709
Mineral oil
for constipation 543 543
nutrients affected by 1260
Mineral oil enema 543
Mineralocorticoids 1162–1163
apparent excess of, genetic mutation/hypokalemia and 874 874
deficiency of See also Adrenocortical insufficiency
hyperkalemia and 876
hyponatremia in elderly responsive to 869
in saline-unresponsive alkalosis 892
Minerals 1258 1258
renal failure and 911
requirements for 1258
dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for 1256
in nutritional support 1282
Mini-Mental State Examination 1038 1039
Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) 1551
Minimal change disease 920 921
Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 1551
Minimally invasive prostate surgery, for benign prostatic hyperplasia 960–961
Minipill (progestin) 752 753–754
abnormal premenopausal bleeding caused by 729 754
Minipress See Prazosin
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 1040
Minnesota tube, for esophageal varices 575
Minocycline 1571
for acne 116–117
adverse effects of 1571
ocular 179
for rheumatoid arthritis 832
for rosacea 118
Minoxidil, for hypertension 437 438
Miotics, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 173
Miralax See Polyethylene glycol
Mirena intrauterine device 755
Mirizzi's syndrome 687
Mirtazapine 1070 1070–1071 1072
Miscarriage See Abortion
Mismatch repair genes, defects in, in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) 636 1643
Misoprostol
with methotrexate, for elective abortion 758
for NSAID toxicity mitigation 589 591 830
Missed abortion 768 769
Mites
bird and rodent, skin lesions caused by 136
rickettsialpox transmitted by 1392 1396
scrub typhus transmitted by 1392 1394
in stored products, skin lesions caused by 136
trombiculid, skin lesions caused by larvae of 136
Mithramycin (plicamycin) 1675
for hypercalcemia, in cancer patients 1691
Mitochondrial DNA mutations, in diabetes mellitus 1197
Mitochondrial myopathies 1037
Mitomycin 1675
Mitotane 1675
Mitoxantrone 1675
toxicity of 1675
P.1830
Mitral regurgitation/insufficiency 326–328 330–332
interventions affecting murmur in 329
in Kawasaki syndrome 1399
Mitral stenosis 325–330 326–328
pregnancy and 329 330 416
Mitral valve, parachute 325
Mitral valve prolapse (“floppy”/myxomatous mitral valve) 330–331
interventions affecting murmur in 329
in Marfan's syndrome 414 1708
panic disorder and 1043
Mitral valve rupture 414
Mittelschmerz, in symptothermal natural family planning 757
Mivazerol, perioperative administration of 37–38 38
Mixed acid-base disorders 885 886
alcoholic ketoacidosis and 888
Mixed/overlap connective tissue disease 842
autoantibodies in 799 842
Mixed sleep apnea 305 306
Mixing test See Plasma mixing test
MMPI-2 See Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine 1304 1304–1306 1305–1306 1306 1307–1309 1363–1364 1365 1369
in HIV infection/AIDS 4 1304 1306 1308 1332 1364 1365
inclusion body encephalitis and 1363
joint pain/arthritis and 858 1306 1369
pregnancy and 1304 1306 1308 1364 1369
Moban See Molindone
Mobilization, postoperative, in venous thrombosis prevention 286 471
Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) atrioventricular block 382 383
in myocardial infarction 362
Mobitz type II atrioventricular block 382–383 383
in myocardial infarction 362
Moclobemide, overdose/toxicity of 1629
Modafinil, for narcolepsy 1080
Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) 665 673
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula, for GFR estimation 898
Moduretic See Amiloride, for hypertension, with hydrochlorothiazide
MODY See Maturity-onset diabetes of young
Moexipril 434
Mohs surgery
for basal cell carcinoma 130
for eyelid tumors 155
for squamous cell carcinoma 131
Moisturizers (skin)/emollients 86–91 90
Molar pregnancy (hydatidiform mole) 773–774
hyperthyroidism in 774 1136
Molds
avoidance therapy for allergies caused by 789
opportunistic infections caused by 1547–1550
prevention of 1290
Mole (skin) 92
atypical (atypical nevus) 93
benign 92
suspicious 92–93
Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS)
for hepatic failure 659
for hepatorenal syndrome 671
Molindone 1059 1060 1060
Mollaret's meningitis, herpes simplex causing 1351
Molluscum contagiosum 129–130 1388
in HIV infection/AIDS 129 1327 1388
Molybdenum, dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for 1256
Mometasone 87
Monge's disease 1605
Monkeypox 1388
Monk's cowl, in atopic dermatitis 95
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) 1071–1073 1072
adverse ocular effects of 178
drug/food interactions of 1071 1073 1074 1629
serotonin syndrome and 1070 1629
overdose/toxicity of 1072 1073 1629
Monobactams 1568
Monoclonal antibodies
in cancer chemotherapy 1666–1667
immunosuppressive actions of 804–805
Monoclonal gammopathy 796
neuropathy associated with 1025
of unknown significance (MGUS) 516 797
Monoclonal protein See also Paraproteins
in myeloma 516
in Waldenstr m's macroglobulinemia 517 518
Monocular diplopia 151
Monocular field loss 150
Monocyte count, laboratory reference range for 1741
Monocytic ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis 1392 1396–1397
Monomethylhydrazine (Gyromitra) mushroom poisoning 1629 1630
Mononeuritis multiplex 1023–1028
in diabetes mellitus 1223
in HIV infection/AIDS 1026
in Lyme disease 1458
microscopic polyangiitis and 849
polyarteritis nodosa and 845 1026
Mononeuropathies 1023 1028–1029
in sarcoidosis 1026
Mononucleosis
cytomegalovirus 1360 1361
Epstein-Barr virus 1355 1358–1359
pharyngitis in 205 1358 1359
Mononucleosis spot (Monospot) test 1359
Monopril See Fosinopril
Montelukast 790
for asthma 233 234 790
Montenegro (leishmanin) skin test 1481 1483 1485
Mood/mood disorders 1065–1078
assessment of in mental status exam 1038
Moraxella/Moraxella catarrhalis infections 1422 1552
keratitis 158
pneumonia 249 251 1422
Morganella 1553
Moricizine 368 369
Morning sickness, acupuncture for 1728–1729
Morning sickness 538 767
Morphea 839
Morphine 74 77 78
adverse effects of, ocular 178
in end-of-life care 74
double effect and 69
for myocardial infarction 360
overdose/toxicity of 1631
for pulmonary edema 398
Mosaicism, in Turner's syndrome 1190
Mosquitoes
DEET mosquito repellant and 1488
dengue transmitted by 1377
encephalitis transmitted by 1371 1372
filariasis transmitted by 1522
hemorrhagic fevers transmitted by 1376
malaria transmitted by 1486 1488
West Nile virus transmitted by 1371
yellow fever transmitted by 1379
Motexafin gadolinium 1701
Moths, skin lesions caused by 136
Motility disorders See also specific disorder
colonic, constipation and 542
esophageal 579–581
chest pain in 344 580 581–582
dysphagia in 564 564 580 581
intestinal 607–609
diarrhea and 548 549
in irritable bowel syndrome 615
vomiting and 539
Motion sickness, air travel and 1606
Motor activity
dementia and 56
in mental status exam 1038
in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders 1057
Motor conduction velocity studies See Conduction velocity studies
Motor neuron diseases 1022–1023
spasticity caused by 1016
weakness/paralysis caused by 988
Motor palsies, ocular 170
in myasthenia gravis 1034
Motor tics, in Tourette's syndrome 1013
Motor vehicle accidents See Automobile accidents
Motrin See Ibuprofen
Mountain sickness
acute 1604
chronic (Monge's disease) 1605
subacute 1605
Mouth See Oral cavity
Movement disorders 1006–1014
drug-induced 1013 1063–1064
kava and 1717
Moxifloxacin 1579 1580 1580 1581
cost of 1562
for ophthalmic disorder 175
for tuberculosis 1575
MPGN See Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis/glomerulonephropathy
MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine), parkinsonism caused by 1007
MRCP See Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
MRI See Magnetic resonance imaging
MRSA infection See Methicillin, staphylococcal infections resistant to
MS Contin See Morphine
MSI See Microsatellite instability
Mu ( ) chain disease 798
Mucoceles, sinusitis and 196
Mucocutaneous (mucosal) candidiasis 120–121 1536
Mucocutaneous herpes simplex disease 1350–1351 1351–1352
P.1831
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia) 1480–1481 1485–1486
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki syndrome/disease) 414 1356 1398–1399
Mucoid discharge, hemorrhoids causing 644
Mucor infection (mucormycosis) 1545
rhinocerebral 197
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) 513 598–599
Helicobacter pylori infection and 584 598–599 1644
of thyroid 1124 1127 1129
Mucosal associated lymphoid tumors See MALT lymphoma
Mucosal biopsy
in celiac disease 602–603
in gastric adenocarcinoma 597 598
in Whipple's disease 604
Mucosal protective agents, for peptic ulcer disease 589
Multidrug resistance See also Drug resistance
in chemotherapy 1660–1661
in tuberculosis 257 262 263 1323
Multifocal (chaotic) atrial tachycardia 378
Multi-infarct (vascular) dementia 1092
hypertension and 425
Multilocular (alveolar) hydatid disease 1513 1515
Multinodular (nodular) goiter 1120 1122
toxic 1140–1141
Multiple endocrine neoplasia 1150 1190–1192
type 1 (Wermer's syndrome) 1150 1191–1192
gastric carcinoids in 599
gastrinomas in 595 596 1178 1191
islet cell tumors in 1150 1178 1179 1191 1234 1237
parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in 1150 1150 1191
pituitary adenomas in 1104 1110 1113 1150 1191
prolactinomas in 1113 1191
type 2a (Sipple's syndrome) 1150 1192
medullary thyroid carcinoma in 1124 1125 1127 1129 1150 1192
parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in 1150 1150 1192
pheochromocytoma in 1150 1174 1175 1176 1192
type 2b 1150 1192
medullary thyroid carcinoma in 1124 1125 1127 1129 1150 1192
parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in 1150 1150
pheochromocytoma in 1150 1174 1175 1176 1192
Multiple myeloma See Myeloma
Multiple personality disorder (dissociative identity disorder) 1044
Multiple sclerosis 1014–1015
HLA in 801 1014
optic neuritis and 169
trigeminal neuralgia in 978
vertigo in 194
Multislice computed tomography, cardiac 317
Multisystem atrophy, dysautonomia and 987
Multitarget DNA tests
in adenoma detection 633
in colorectal cancer screening 642
Mumps 1364–1366
arthritis associated with 858
immunization against 1305–1306 1306 1307–1309 1365
Munchausen by proxy 1048
Munchausen syndrome 1048
Mupirocin 1577
for impetigo 89 113
Mural thrombus, myocardial infarction and 364
Murine (flea-borne) typhus 1392 1393–1394
Murmurs See Heart murmurs
Muromonab-CD3 804
Murphy's sign, in cholecystitis 686
Muscarinic mushroom poisoning 1629 1630 1630
Muscimol, anticholinergic-type mushroom poisoning and 1630
Muscle biopsy
in motor neuron diseases 1022
in muscular dystrophy 1035–1036
in polymyositis/dermatomyositis 841
in trichinosis 1532
Muscle cramps 1102–1103
endocrine causes of 1102–1103
heat exposure causing 1593
in hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism 878 1102
in hypokalemia 873
Muscle cysticercosis 1511
Muscle invasion, in trichinosis 1532 1533
Muscle necrosis, in rhabdomyolysis 843
Muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency 1102
Muscle phosphorylase deficiency 1102
Muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibodies, in myasthenia gravis 1034
Muscle weakness See also Myopathies; Weakness
in polymyositis/dermatomyositis 840
Muscular dystrophies 1035–1036 1036
cardiomyopathy in 413
Musculoskeletal disorders 807–864
autoimmune 827–844
bone infections 858–861
bone tumors/tumor-like lesions 861–862
in cysticercosis 1511
diagnosis and evaluation of 807 808 809 809
immobility/bed rest and 59
pain syndromes 815–826
seronegative spondyloarthropathies 851–855
sports injuries and 823–826
in syphilis 1450
in trichinosis 1532 1533
in tuberculosis 860–861
vasculitis syndromes and 844–851 844 845
Musculotendinous strain, cervical 815
Mushroom picker's disease 296
Mushroom poisoning 1629–1631 1630
Musset's sign 335
Mutations See also specific type and specific disorder
in cancer etiology 1641 1642–1643 1643–1644
prevention and 1656–1657
screening/testing for 1643
Mutism, akinetic (persistent vegetative state) 1019
Myalgia, with eosinophilia, tryptophan causing 839
Myasthenia gravis 1031–1034
aminoglycosides contraindicated in 1034
HLA in 801 1032
ocular, Graves' disease and 1137
ptosis in 153 1034
Myasthenic (Lambert-Eaton) syndrome 1035
in cancer 268 1005 1035 1696
Mycetoma 1547
Mycobacterium (mycobacterial infections) 1437–1440
abscessus 264
avium complex (MAC) 1335 1437
disseminated disease caused by 264 1437
in HIV infection/AIDS 1335 1437
prophylaxis of 1347 1437
lymphadenitis (scrofula) caused by 1438
pulmonary disease caused by 264 265 1437–1438 1554
bovis
BCG vaccine made from 263
intestinal disease caused by 614
lymphadenitis (scrofula) caused by 1438
chelonei 264 1438 1554
fortuitum 264 1438 1554
gordonae 1438
kansasii 264 1437 1438 1554
leprae 1439 1553
lymphadenitis 215–216 1438
malmoense 264
marinum 1438
nontuberculous (atypical) 1437–1438
scrofulaceum 1438
szulgai 1438
tuberculosis 256–263 257 1438–1439 1553
bone and joint disease caused by 860–861
intestinal disease caused by 614
lymphadenitis caused by 215–216 1438
meningitis caused by 1438–1439
pulmonary disease caused by 256–263
resistant strains of 257 261 262 263 1323
ulcerans 1438
xenopi 264 1438
Mycophenolate mofetil 804
immunosuppressive action of 804
Mycoplasma 1554
penicillin resistance and 1560
pneumoniae, pneumonia caused by 249 251 252 1556
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) 105–106 1663
exfoliative dermatitis and 106 107
Mycotic aneurysms
carotid 458
drug use and 1298
Mycotic infections (mycoses) 1536–1550
of bones and joints 859–860
bronchopulmonary, allergic 244
drugs for management of 1548–1549 1550 1582–1585
superficial 100–104
Myelinolysis, central pontine, hyponatremia treatment and 870
Myelitis
in cytomegalovirus infection 1361
in HIV infection/AIDS 1325
Myelodysplastic syndromes 506–507
rheumatic manifestations of 863
sideroblasts/sideroblastic anemia and 486 506 507
Myelofibrosis 500 503–504
Myelography
in multiple sclerosis 1015
in spinal tumors 1003
Myeloid growth factors See Filgrastim; Growth factors; Sargramostim
P.1832
Myeloma 515–517 1663
amyloidosis and 515
hypercalcemia in 1152
incidence/risk/mortality of 1640
interferon for 1669
kidney involvement in 904 929
neuropathy associated with 1025
nonsecretory 516
paraneoplastic syndromes associated with 1696–1697
Myeloma kidney 929
Myelopathy See also specific cause
in HIV infection/AIDS 1324
of human T cell leukemia virus 1016 1375–1376
in multiple sclerosis 1014
neck pain caused by 816
Myeloproliferative disorders 499–512 499 500
hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome) and 679
hypercoagulability and 531–532
paraneoplastic syndromes associated with 1696–1697
platelet function affected in 526
Myeloradiculopathy, spinal cord arteriovenous malformations causing 999
Myelosuppressive therapy, for polycythemia 501
Myerson's sign 1008
MYH gene mutations, in familial adenomatous polyposis 635
Mykrox See Metolazone
Mylotarg See Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
Myocardial contusions/hematomas 414
sudden death of athlete and 418
Myocardial dysfunction See also Congestive heart (cardiac) failure
after myocardial infarction 362–363
Myocardial failure See Congestive heart (cardiac) failure
Myocardial hibernation 342–343
Myocardial hypertrophy See Cardiomyopathy
Myocardial infarction 355–366
accelerated idioventricular rhythm in 362
arrhythmias associated with 356 361–362
prevention of 361
signal-averaged ECG in evaluation of 368
aspirin for 349 353 357 361
in Chagas disease 1466
chest pain in 312 356
cocaine abuse and 347 355 1089
coenzyme Q10 for 1721 1722
complications of 361–365
conduction disturbances associated with 362
coronary vasospasm causing 347
COX-2 inhibitors associated with 74 587 830–831
Dressler's syndrome after 364 408
estrogen replacement therapy and 1188
hemodynamic status and 357 357
hypotension and 363
ischemia/angina after 361
left ventricular aneurysm and 364
left ventricular failure and 362–363
management after 365–366
mechanical defects associated with 364
mural thrombus and 364
oral contraceptive use and 752
painless 356
pathophysiology of 342
perioperative, preoperative risk assessment/management and 36 36 37–39 38
during pregnancy 417
prevention of 340–342
Q waves in 355 356
reperfusion after thrombolysis and 359
revascularization procedures and 354 354 360 366
after thrombolytic therapy 359–360
right ventricular infarction and 363–364
risk stratification/modification in management of 365
shock and 357 357 363
sudden death and 356 380
surgery in patient with 38–39 39 415
thrombolytic therapy for 358–360 359
treatment of 353 357–361
ventricular fibrillation in 356 361 362
Myocardial ischemia See also Angina; Coronary heart disease; Myocardial infarction
cardiac failure and 387 389 395–396
chest pain in 312
coronary vasospasm causing 347
pathophysiology of 342
postinfarction 361
preoperative evaluation of 36–37 37 415
scintigraphic assessment of 345
silent 342 346
surgery in patients with 36–37 37 415
Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy
in angina 345
in cardiomyopathy 401–402 403
Myocardial rupture 364
Myocardial stunning 342–343
Myocarditis 398–400
in Chagas' disease 399 1466
clozapine causing 1060
coxsackievirus infection and 398 1390
in diphtheria 398–399 1413
drug-induced/toxic 400
echovirus infection and 407 1390
giant cell 399
infectious 398–400 399
in Kawasaki syndrome 1399
radiation 400 1600
Myocilin gene mutation, in glaucoma 160
Myoclonic epilepsy–ragged red fiber (MERRF) syndrome 1037
Myoclonic seizures 981 981 985 1012 1013
Myoclonus 1012–1013
in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 1012 1374
nocturnal 1080
Myoglobinuria 897 935
acute tubular necrosis/rhabdomyolysis and 843 903
electric shock injury and 1599
Myomas (leiomyomas/fibroid tumors)
cervical 738
of uterus 737–738
Myomectomy 738
Myonecrosis, clostridial (gas gangrene) 1408–1409
Myopathies (myopathic disorders) 1035–1037 1036
HIV 1325
idiopathic inflammatory 840–842
lipid-lowering therapy/statin drugs causing 841 843 1102
miscellaneous causes of 1037
mitochondrial 1037
in respiratory failure 309
zidovudine causing 1325
Myopericarditis See also Pericarditis
Borrelia burgdorferi/Lyme disease causing 408 1458
after smallpox vaccination 1313 1388
Myopia 153
Myositis See also Dermatomyositis; Polymyositis
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statin drugs) causing 841 843 1102
inclusion body 841 1037
Pleistophora and Trachipleistophora hominis causing 1477
Myotomy, for achalasia 580
Myotonia/myotonic dystrophy 1036–1037
congenita 1037
MySK antibodies See Muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibodies
Myxedema 1131–1135
pretibial (Graves' dermopathy) 1135 1137 1142
Myxedema coma 1132
Myxedema heart 1132
Myxedema madness 1103 1132
Myxoma, atrial 413
arterial emboli and 461
herpes simplex virus and 1351
Myxomatous mitral valve See Mitral valve prolapse
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