H
Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.
Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition
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L
L-AmB See Liposomal amphotericin B
L (cell wall-deficient) forms, penicillin resistance and 1560
L/S ratio See Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
La belle indiff rence 1048
La/SSB antibody 836
in Sj gren's syndrome 836 842–843
Labetalol, for hypertension 431
in pregnancy 416–417
urgencies/emergencies 442–445 443
Labor and delivery
for acute fatty liver of pregnancy 779
for cardiac patient 417
for diabetic patient 777
herpes simplex transmission during 1351
induction of, after 41 weeks 766
preeclampsia/eclampsia and 771 772 773
preterm (premature), prevention of 783–784
Laboratory reference ranges, for diagnostic/laboratory tests See also Diagnostic/laboratory tests
Laboratory tests See Diagnostic/laboratory tests
Labyrinthectomy, for vertigo 193
Labyrinthine concussion, vertigo caused by 191
Labyrinthitis 191
Lacerations
cerebral 1020
ocular 171–172
Lac-Hydrin 90
Lacrimal apparatus, disorders of 154–155
Lacrimal sac, infection of (dacryocystitis) 155
Lacrosse agent, California encephalitis caused by 1371
b-Lactam antibiotics See Beta-lactam antibiotics
b-Lactamases See Beta-lactamases
Lactase deficiency (lactose intolerance) 600 606–607
diarrhea caused by 549 606
flatus caused by 545 606
Lactase enzyme replacement 607
Lactate See Lactic acid
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
ascitic fluid 560 561
in hemolytic-uremic syndrome 490 522
laboratory reference range for 1739
in microangiopathic hemolysis 490
in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 513
in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 491
in pneumocystis pneumonia 1322–1323 1541
in preeclampsia-eclampsia 772
in shock liver (ischemic hepatopathy) 680
in testicular cancer 972
in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 490 521
in vitamin B12 deficiency 488
Lactated Ringer's solution See Fluid management/hydration
Lactation/breast feeding 784–787 785–786
antidepressant use and 785 1070
breast abscess and 704 787
breast cancer and 716 782
drug/medication use/avoidance during 785–786
HIV infection/AIDS transmission and 776 1333
iron needs during 482
IUD insertion and 755
mastitis and 787
nutrition requirements in 784–785 1254 1256 1257
oral contraceptive use and 753
oxytocin deficiency affecting 1110
progestin minipill and 753
prolactin in 1113
suppression of 785–787
tuberculosis treatment and 262
Lactic acid (lactate)
formation of 887
laboratory reference range (normal value) for 887 1740
in lactic acidosis 887 1233
Lactic acidosis 887 1228 1233
alcoholic ketoacidosis and 888
metformin causing 1210 1212
Lactose (milk) intolerance 600 606–607
diarrhea caused by 549 606
flatus caused by 545 606
Lactulose
for constipation 543 544
for hepatic encephalopathy 672
bleeding esophageal varices and 575
Lacunar infarction 456 991 992
LADA See Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus of adulthood
Laennec's cirrhosis 668
Lambert-Eaton (myasthenic) syndrome 1035
in cancer 268 1005 1035 1696
Lamin A/C gene, in familial partial lipodystrophy 1098
Laminectomy, decompressive
for cancer-related cord compression 1689
for spinal trauma 1021
Lamisil See Terbinafine
Lamivudine (3TC) 1337 1340 1342 1343 1352 1588
with abacavir 1340 1343
for hepatitis B 660 1352 1588
resistance to 1344 1344
with zidovudine 1339 1343
postexposure 1333
with zidovudine and abacavir 1340 1343
Lamotrigine 984
for bipolar disease 1078
for seizures 983 984
Lange-Nielsen syndrome 381
Langerhans cell histiocytosis 1104 1107
Language
assessment of in mental status exam 1038 1039
in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders 1057
stroke affecting 991
Lanreotide, for acromegaly/gigantism 1111–1112
Lansoprazole 588
Lantus See Insulin glargine
LAP See Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
Laparoscopy
in ascites 560
in ectopic pregnancy 770
in gynecologic disorders 729
in infertility workup 749
in pelvic inflammatory disease 742
Lapatanib (GW572016) 1699
Lapdap (proguanil plus dapsone) 1488
Large cell carcinoma of lung 267
Large-needle (core needle) biopsy, for breast lump evaluation 711–712 711 712
Large-volume paracentesis
for cirrhotic ascites 670–671
for peritoneal carcinomatosis 562
Larva currens, in strongyloidiasis 1530
Larva migrans
cutaneous 1519
visceral (toxocariasis) 1534–1535
Laryngeal height, obstructive airway disease diagnosis and 23 23
Laryngeal leukoplakia 210
Laryngeal nerve, recurrent
damage to during thyroid surgery 1126 1140
vocal cord paralysis caused by lesions of 213
Laryngeal papillomas 209–210
Laryngectomy, for squamous cell carcinoma of larynx 211–212
Laryngitis 210
Laryngopharyngeal reflux See also Gastroesophageal reflux disease
hoarseness and 210 566
Laryngospasm
antipsychotic drugs causing 1064
in drowning 1601 1602
in hypocalcemia 878
Larynx 209–213
tumors of 210–212 212
LASEK See Laser epithelial keratomileusis
Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) 153
Laser-induced prostatectomy (TULIP), for benign prostatic hyperplasia 960–961
Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) 153
Laser therapy
for acne scars 117
for age-related macular degeneration 165
for angina 351
for benign prostatic hyperplasia 960–961
for burn reconstruction 1598
for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/cervical cancer 735
for condylomata acuminata 128–129 733
for coronary revascularization 351
for diabetic retinopathy 167 1221
for esophageal cancer palliation 578
for glaucoma 161
P.1821
for hair removal, in pseudofolliculitis 119
lifestyle changes in prevention of 1646
for lung cancer palliation 271
for refractive errors 153–154
for wart removal 128–129
Laser transmyocardial revascularization 351
LASIK See Laser in situ keratomileusis
Lasix See Furosemide
Lassa fever 1376
Latanoprost, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 161 173
Latanoprost/timolol, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 161 174
Late life psychosis 1057 1094 1095
Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus of adulthood (LADA) 1195
Latent deviation (phoria) 152
Lateral epicondylitis 824
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve lesions (meralgia paresthetica) 1029
Lateral sclerosis
amyotrophic See Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
primary 1022
Latex agglutination (LA) antigen tests 800
Latex allergy 114
Latrodectus mactans 136 1636
Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1098
Lavage
bronchoalveolar See Bronchoalveolar lavage
gastric, for poisoning/drug overdose 1611–1612
Lavender top tubes 1743
Law of similars, in homeopathy 1729
Laxative abuse 1090
in bulimia nervosa 1271
diarrhea caused by 549
screening for 549
Laxatives 543–544 543
for irritable bowel syndrome 617
LCHAD deficiency, in acute fatty liver of pregnancy 779 780
LCIS See Lobular carcinoma in situ
LCM See Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
LCR assay See Ligase chain reaction (LCR) assay
LDCT See Low-dose helical computed tomography
LDL See Low-density lipoproteins
Lead, laboratory reference range for 1740
Lead encephalopathy 1626 1627
gasoline sniffing and 1090
Lead nephropathy 926 927
Lead poisoning 1611 1626–1627
gout and 812 926
ocular effects of 179
sideroblastic anemia caused by 486
tubulointerstitial disease caused by 926 927
Lecithin, in gallstones 684
Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, laboratory reference range for 1740
Leflunomide, for rheumatoid arthritis 803 804 832
Left heart catheterization 317–318
Left heart failure (left ventricular failure/dysfunction) 386
in hypertension 424–425
in myocardial infarction 362–363
preoperative evaluation/management of patient with 39–40
Left-to-right shunts See also Shunts
in atrial septal defect 321
in ventricular septal defect 322
Left ventricular aneurysm, myocardial infarction and 364
Left ventricular angiography 347
Left ventricular dysfunction See Left heart failure
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, in dyspnea 23 24
Left ventricular hypertrophy
in cardiomyopathy 402 403
hypertensive 424–425 426
sudden death in athletes and 418
Leg See also under Lower extremity
appearance of
in varicose veins 469
in venous insufficiency 473–474
Leg cramps, nocturnal 1102
Leg pain See also Claudication
in pulmonary embolism 282
Leg ulcers, in venous insufficiency/varicose veins/lower extremity occlusive disease 141–142 453 469 474
Legal blindness 150
diabetic retinopathy and 167 1221
Legal issues
in end-of-life care 69
herbal medicine regulation and 1710
Legionella pneumophila 1423 1553
Legionnaire's disease (legionella pneumonia/legionellosis) 249 251 252 254 255 1423 1553 1556
Leiden mutation (factor V Leiden) 532
pulmonary embolism and 281
Leiomyomas
gastrointestinal See Stromal tumors
of uterus (fibroid tumor) 737–738
Leiomyosarcoma
gastrointestinal See Stromal tumors
of uterus 737
Leishman-Donovan bodies 1480
Leishmania (leishmaniasis) 1480–1486
aethiopica 1480 1481 1484
amazonensis 1480 1483 1484–1485
braziliensis 1481 1485
chagasi 1480 1483 1485
coinfections and 1481
cutaneous 1480 1481 1484–1485
diffuse 1481 1484
New World 1480 1484–1485
Old World 1480 1484
post-kala azar 1483
donovani 1480 1483 1484
guyanensis 1485
infantum 1480 1483 1484
major 1480 1484
mexicana 1480 1483 1484
mucocutaneous (espundia) 1480–1481 1485–1486
panamensis 1481 1484 1485
peruviana 1485
post-kala azar dermal 1483
recidivans 1484
tropica 1480 1483 1484
viannia group 1481 1485
visceral (kala azar) 1480 1482–1484
Leishmanin skin test 1481 1483 1485
Lemierre's syndrome 207 1435
Lenalidomide (CC-5013/revlimid) 1668 1699
for myelodysplasia 507
for myelofibrosis 504
for myeloma 516
Lens opacity See Cataract
Lente insulin 1212 1213 1214 1214
in mixtures 1215
Lentigines 93 143
in endocrine disorders 1100
solar (liver spots) 93 143
Lentigo maligna melanoma 94
Leprechaunism 1195 1197
Lepromatous leprosy 1439 1440
neuropathy associated with 1025
Leprosy 1439–1440 1553
drug resistance in 1576
neuropathy associated with 1025 1439
sulfones for 1576–1577
Leptin, in obesity 1098 1268
insulin action and 1196
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and 667
Leptomeningeal metastases (carcinomatous meningitis) 1001 1690
Leptospira autumnalis/canicola/icterohaemorrhagiae/interrogans/pomona (leptospirosis) 1455–1456 1554
Leriche's syndrome 453 1101
Lescol See Fluvastatin
Lethal midline granuloma 201
Lethal toxin/factor, anthrax 1411
Letrozole 721 1670 1673
Leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue
with methotrexate 831 1677 1684
with pyrimethamine 1575
with trimetrexate 1575
Leukemias
acute 507–510
lymphoblastic/lymphocytic (ALL) 508 509 1663
megakaryoblastic 508
monoblastic 508
myeloblastic 508
myelogenous/myeloid 508 509 1663
myelomonocytic 508 1663
promyelocytic 508
undifferentiated 508
aleukemic 508
chromosomal abnormalities in 504
chronic
lymphocytic (CLL) 510–511 1641 1663
myelogenous/myeloid (CML) 500 504–506 1641 1663
myelomonocytic (CMML) 504 506 507
prolymphocytic 510
in Down's syndrome 1704
fever/FUO and 1287
hairy cell 511–512 1663
HPC transplants for 505–506 509 511 803
incidence/mortality of 1640
plasma cell 515
rheumatic manifestations of 863
secondary to chemotherapy or radiation therapy 508 1601 1644–1645 1660
Leukemic arthritis 863
Leukoagglutinin transfusion reactions 534
leukopoor blood in prevention of 533
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
laboratory reference range for 1740
in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 491
Leukocyte casts 896 897 935
Leukocyte count See White blood cell count
Leukocyte esterase, in urine 935
Leukocytes
fecal, in diarrhea 547 550
pleural fluid 301
urinary 896 935
Leukocytosis
in antibiotic-associated (Clostridium difficile) colitis 619
in cellulitis 125
P.1822
lithium causing 1076
in lymphangitis/lymphadenitis 475
in toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) 1534
Leukoderma 143
Leukoencephalitis, in Lyme disease 1459
Leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal (PML) 1324–1325 1375
Leukoerythroblastic blood, examination/morphology of 503
Leukoplakia
laryngeal 210
oral 202–203
in HIV infection/AIDS 216 217 1325
Leukopoor blood, transfusion of 533
Leukotriene modifiers 790
for allergic rhinitis 198 790
for asthma 233 234
Leuprolide 1674
for male infertility 1107
Levamisole
for ascariasis 1519
for hookworm disease 1526
Levaquin See Levofloxacin
Levatol See Penbutolol
Levetiracetam, for seizures 983 984
Levitra See Vardenafil
Levo-Dromoran See Levorphanol
Levobunolol, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 161 173
Levocabastine, for ophthalmic disorders 176
Levodopa
benzodiazepine interactions and 1046
monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and 1009 1074
for parkinsonism 1008–1009
with entacapone and carbidopa 1009 1010
Levofloxacin 1579 1580 1580 1581
cost of 1562
for tuberculosis 1575
Levonorgestrel
in combination oral contraceptives 751–752
for emergency contraception 757
in Mirena intrauterine device 755
in Norplant system 754 1187
Levorphanol 77
Levothyroxine (thyroxine)
for goiter 1131
for hypothyroidism/myxedema 1106 1133
during pregnancy 781 1133–1134
RAI therapy for thyroid cancer and 1126 1127
for thyroid nodules 1120 1121
after thyroidectomy 1126
Lewy bodies, dementia with 56
Lexapro See Escitalopram
Lexiva See Fosamprenavir
Leydig cell tumors/hyperplasia 971 1171 1180 1182
Lhermitte's sign 816
LHRH analogs See Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs
LHX3/LHX4 gene mutations, in pituitary hormone deficiency 1104
Libido, loss of 950 1053 1101
Libman-Sacks endocarditis, in systemic lupus erythematosus 834–835
Librium See Chlordiazepoxide
Lice 135–136
epidemic typhus transmitted by 1391–1393 1392
relapsing fever transmitted by 1454
trench fever transmitted by 1433
Lichen planus 131–132
drugs causing eruptions similar to 131 148
oral 202–203
Lichen planus-like drug eruptions 131 148
Lichen sclerosus, vulvar 739
Lichen simplex chronicus (circumscribed neurodermatitis) 97
Lichenoid eruptions, drugs causing 131 148
Licorice-induced hypokalemia 874 1173
Lid See Eyelids
Lid lag, in dysthyroid eye disease 170
Liddle's syndrome 874 874 1173
Lidex See Fluocinonide
Lidocaine
for arrhythmias 369
ventricular tachycardia 379
monitoring concentrations of 1734
Lidocaine patch, for postherpetic neuralgia/neuropathic pain 79 80
Lidoderm See Lidocaine patch
Lids See Eyelids
Life expectancy
approach to older patient and 49–50
median 50
Life support, withdrawal/withholding, in end-of-life care 69 82 83
Lifestyle
modifications of
in cancer prevention 1646–1648
in cardiac failure management 395
compliance with recommendations for 1
in disease prevention 12–13
in dyspepsia management 537
in gastroesophageal reflux management 568
in hypertension management/prevention 419 420 421 421 426–427
in elderly 54
sedentary
lipid abnormalities and 12 1244
prevention of 12–13
urinary stone formation and 944
Ligase chain reaction (LCR) assay, in chlamydial infection 1441
Light, pupillary reaction to 152
Light chains, immunoglobulin, in urine See Bence Jones proteinuria
Light eruption, polymorphous 140
Light perception (visual acuity) 151
Light therapy See Phototherapy
Light visors, for depression with seasonal onset 1074
Lightning injuries 1599
Ligneous (Riedel's) thyroiditis 1145 1146
“Like cures like” principle 1729
Limb-girdle (Erb's) muscular dystrophy 1035–1036 1036
Limb ischemia
acute 461–462
in lower extremity occlusive disease 453
Limb loss See Amputation
Lindane, overdose/toxicity of 1622
Linear scleroderma 839
Linezolid 1579
for enterococcal infection 1403 1579
for staphylococcal skin infection 1406
Linitis plastica 597
Linoleic acid 1258
dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for 1257
in nutritional support 1282
α-Linolenic acid, dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for 1257
Lioresal, for spasticity 1016
Liothyronine See also Thyroid hormone
antidepressant drug augmentation and 1068 1073
Lipase
in digestion 601
in pancreatic enzyme supplements 699
serum levels of
laboratory reference range for 1740
in pancreatitis 694 698
Lipemia retinalis 1198–1199 1244
Lipid-based amphotericin B 1548 1550 1583
for cryptococcal meningitis 1543
for leishmaniasis 1481 1482 1483 1583
Lipid fractions See Lipoproteins
Lipid-lowering therapy 8–10 341 1242 1247–1252 1248 1251
for acute coronary syndromes 353
cancer prevention and 1653
in cardiovascular disease prevention 8–10 341
cholesterol screening and 1244–1247 1245–1246
in women and elderly 1246 1247
diet for 1247–1249 1278–1279
in diabetes 1203 1205
estrogen replacement therapy and 1187
in hypertriglyceridemia 1252
for myocardial infarction 353 365
nutrients affected by 1260
pharmacologic 1249–1252 1251
rhabdomyolysis/myopathy/myositis caused by 841 843
selection of medication for 1250
Lipid-modifying diet 1247–1249 1278–1279
in diabetes 1203 1205
Lipids 1240
abnormalities of metabolism of 1240–1252
in atherogenesis/coronary heart disease 339 340 1240–1241 1241–1242
in diabetes mellitus 1201 1243 1244
exercise/activity and 12
protease inhibitors causing 1340
secondary causes of 1243 1244
diet affecting 1247–1249 1278–1279
intravenous, in nutritional support 1282 1284
pharmacologic therapy affecting See also Lipid-lowering therapy
screening tests for levels of 3 1244–1247 1245–1246
Lipiduria 896
Lipitor See Atorvastatin
Lipoatrophic diabetes 1195
Lipodystrophy
familial partial 1098
at insulin injection sites 1221
protease inhibitors causing 1340
Lipohypertrophy, at insulin injection sites 1221
Lipoid nephrosis (minimal change disease) 920
Lipoid pneumonia 294
Lipomas
atrial septal 413
epidermal inclusion cysts differentiated from 139
intestinal 610
in multiple endocrine neoplasia 1150
Lipopolysaccharide, in burn injury 1596
Lipoprotein(a), estrogen replacement affecting 1187
P.1823
Lipoproteins 1240
Cholesterol
atherogenesis/coronary heart disease and 339 340 1240–1241 1241–1242
in diabetes mellitus 1201
estrogen replacement affecting 1187
lowering 341
screening tests for levels of 1244–1247 1245–1246
testosterone replacement affecting 1182
Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) 1548 1583
for leishmaniasis 1481 1482 1483
Liposomal daunorubicin 1066 1675
Liposomal doxorubicin 1666 1675
for Kaposi's sarcoma 1328
Liquid diets 1277–1278
Liquid nitrogen See also Cryotherapy
for condylomata acuminata 128 733
hypopigmentation and 143
for wart removal 128
Lisinopril 434 439
Lispro insulin See Insulin lispro
Listeria monocytogenes (listeriosis) 1414 1553
LITH gene, in cholelithiasis/gallstones 684
Lithium 1075–1077 1077
adverse ocular effects of 178
antidepressant drug augmentation and 1068 1073 1075–1076
antidepressant drug interactions and 1074
for bipolar disorder/mania 1075–1077
breast feeding and 785
drug interactions of 1074 1077
hypothyroidism and 1076
monitoring concentrations of 1076 1734
overdose/toxicity of 1076–1077 1615
hemodialysis for 1077 1613
seizures and 1610
in pregnancy 1076
RAI therapy of thyroid cancer and 1127
for unipolar depression 1075
Lithotomy, during pregnancy 782
Lithotripsy
for choledocholithiasis/cholangitis 689
for cholelithiasis/gallstones 686
for renal stones 947
for ureteral stones 947
Livedo reticularis 466
Liver
abscesses of
amebic 1468–1472 1471
pyogenic 680–681
biopsy of 650
in alcoholic liver disease 664
in cirrhosis 669
in hemochromatosis 677
in hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome) 679
in hepatocellular carcinoma 682
in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 668
cancer of 681–683
cirrhosis and 657 670 681–682 683
hepatitis and 653 657–658 659 681 682 683 1644
paraneoplastic syndromes associated with 1696–1697
polyprenoic acid in prevention of 1649
cavernous hemangioma of 683
disorders of 652–684
acute hepatic failure 658–659
alcoholic 663–665
ascites in 558 559 559
spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and 560 561 671
biliary cirrhosis 670 674–676
bleeding associated with 528–529
cirrhosis 668–674 674
S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for 1719 1721
in clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis 1506
coagulopathy 528–529
esophageal varices and 574
diagnosis of 650–652 651
drug- and toxin-induced 665–666
esophageal varices in 573 574
in fascioliasis 1505
hemochromatosis 676–677
hepatitis
autoimmune 662–663
viral 652–658
chronic 659–662
in HIV infection/AIDS 1326
jaundice in 649–652 650 651
kava causing 1717
lipid abnormalities and 1244
neoplastic 681–684
benign tumors 683–684
drugs/toxins causing 666
oral contraceptive use and 683 753
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 667–668
noncirrhotic portal hypertension 680
NSAIDs causing 830
parenteral nutritional support and 1284
preoperative evaluation/management of patient with 42–43
in syphilis 1450
tetracycline causing 1571
Wilson's disease 677–678
enlarged See Hepatomegaly
fatty See Fatty liver
fibrosis of
drugs/toxins causing 666
in fatty liver disease 668
focal nodular hyperplasia of 683 684
in heart failure 389 680
hydatid cyst of 1513 1514 1515
in schistosomiasis 1502 1503
shock 680
transplantation of
adenovirus infection and 1386 1387
for amatoxin-type mushroom poisoning 1630
for autoimmune hepatitis 663
for biliary cirrhosis 675
for cholangiocarcinoma 693
for cirrhosis 673
esophageal varices and 576
for hepatic failure 658 659
for hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome) 679
for hepatocellular carcinoma 682–683
for hepatopulmonary syndrome 673
for primary sclerosing cholangitis 692
for Wilson's disease 678
Liver cell adenoma See Hepatic adenoma
Liver failure See Hepatic (liver) failure
Liver flukes
Chinese, clonorchiasis caused by 1506
sheep, fascioliasis caused by 1505
Liver function tests 650 651
Liver-kidney microsomes, antibody to, in autoimmune hepatitis 663
Liver spots (solar lentigines) 93 143
Livial See Tibolone
Living will (advance directives) 70
Livostin See Levocabastine
LMW (low-molecular-weight) heparin See Heparin
Loa loa (loiasis) 1526–1527
Lobectomy, pulmonary
for hydatid cysts 1514
for lung cancer 271
Lobular carcinoma in situ 713 716 716
Local anesthetics, for eye disorders, precautions for use of 177
Locked-in syndrome (de-efferented state) 1019
Lodine See Etodolac
Lodoxamide, for ophthalmic disorders 175
L ffler's syndrome 404
ascariasis and 1518
Logiparin See Tinzaparin
logMar (EDTRS) chart, for visual acuity testing 151
Loiasis 1526–1527
Lomustine (CCNU) 1672
“Lone atrial fibrillation” 375 376
Lone Star tick See Ticks
Long-acting insulin 1212 1215 1218
Long QT syndrome 381–382
Long-term care facilities, tuberculosis/tuberculosis testing in elderly and 55 257
Loniten See Minoxidil
Loop diuretics See also Diuretics; Furosemide
for acute tubular necrosis 904
for cardiac failure 391
renal failure and 391 910
for hyperkalemia 877
for hypernatremia 872
for hypertension 428 429
urgencies/emergencies 445
Loop resection, for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 735
Loperamide 547 551
for irritable bowel syndrome 617
Lopid See Gemfibrozil
Lopinavir/r (lopinavir/ritonavir) 1338 1341 1342 1343
resistance to 1345
Lopressor See Metoprolol
Loprox See Ciclopirox
Lorabid See Loracarbef
Loracarbef 1566
cost of 1562
Loratadine 789
Lorazepam 1044 1045 1045 1079
for anxiety/stress disorders 1042 1044 1045
for nausea and vomiting 540 1682
for seizures, status epilepticus and 986
Lorazepam interview, in conversion disorder 1049
Lorcet See Hydrocodone
Lorenzo's oil 1167
Lortab See Hydrocodone
Losartan 433 434
with hydrochlorothiazide 435
Lotensin See Benazepril
Lotrimin Ultra See Butenafine
Louse See Lice
Lovastatin 1242 1250 1251
Lovenox See Enoxaparin
P.1824
Low back pain 817–819 819
Low carbohydrate diets
cholesterol profile affected by 340
in obesity management 1099 1268
Low-cholesterol diet 1247–1248 1278–1279
Low-density lipoproteins 1240
atherogenesis/coronary heart disease and 339 340 1240–1241 1241–1242
in diabetes mellitus 1201
diet affecting 1147–1148
laboratory reference range (normal values) for 1740
lowering levels of 8–10 341 1242 1247–1252 1248 1251
cholesterol screening and 1244–1247
in women and elderly 1246 1247
rosiglitazone affecting levels of 1210
screening tests for levels of 1244–1247
Low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT), in lung cancer screening 265
Low-fat diet 1278 1278–1279
in cancer prevention 1647 1648
diabetes prevention/management and 1203 1205
for pancreatitis 696 698
Low-molecular-weight heparin See Heparin
Low-salt diet See Sodium-restricted diet
Low-saturated-fat diet 1279–1280
Low-sodium diet See Sodium-restricted diet
Lower airway/respiratory tract disorders 225–226
Lower esophageal sphincter See Esophageal sphincter, lower
Lower extremity edema 24–26 25
in chronic venous insufficiency 24–26 25 473
leg ulcers and 141 474
in heart disease 315–316
in pulmonary disease 222
Lower extremity occlusive disease 453–456
leg ulcers and 141 453
limb ischemia and 461–462
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding 554–557
Lower motor neuron lesions, weakness in 988
Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome 374
Loxapine 1059 1060 1060
Loxitane See Loxapine
Loxosceles
laeta 136
reclusa 136 1636
Lozol See Indapamide
LP See Light perception
LSD 1087 1627
Lubriderm 90
Ludiomil See Maprotiline
Ludwig's angina 207
Lues maligna 1450
Lumbar motion, Schober's test of 818
Lumbar puncture See also Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
headache after 978
in intracranial mass lesions, herniation syndromes and 1002
Lumbar spine/disk disease See also Spine
herniated disk 817 818 818 819
stenosis 819–820
tuberculosis (Pott's disease) 860
Lumbosacral plexus lesions 1031
Lumefantrine with artemether (Riamet) 1495
Lumigan See Bimatoprost
Luminous hallucinations, in migraine headache 975
Lump (breast) 709 710
biopsy in evaluation of 710–712 711 712
clinical examination in detection/evaluation of 15 707 709–710 709 710 1654–1655 1655
cytology in evaluation of 711 711 712 713
differential diagnosis of 713
fat necrosis causing 704
fibroadenoma 703
in fibrocystic condition 702
in male 726
mammography in detection/evaluation of 14 15 707–708 708–709 711 712
in postmenopausal women 712
in premenopausal women 711
removal of See Lumpectomy
self-examination in detection/evaluation of 14 15 708 1655
ultrasonography in evaluation of 711 712 713
Lumpectomy 717–718 1658
local recurrence and 725
recommendations regarding 718
timing of, menstrual cycle and 717
Lunelle 754
Lung 218–311
abscess of 255
anaerobic 255 1434
aspergilloma of 1544
cancer of See Lung cancer
collapse of See Atelectasis
common manifestations of disease of 218–220
examination of 220–222
in heart disease 314–315
fibrosis of, in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) diseases 275
hydatid cyst of 1513 1514 1515
radiation injury of 298–299
toxic/chemical injury of 297 1617
aspiration and 294 295
drug-induced 298 298
smoke inhalation and 294 1596
Lung biopsy
in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease 276
in pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised host 256
in sarcoidosis 279
in solitary pulmonary nodule 266
Lung cancer 265–275
beta-carotene and vitamin E in prevention of 1650 1651
bronchogenic carcinoma 266–272
cough in 21 267
environmental/industrial carcinogens and 267 297
gene expression profiles in 1642
hemoptysis in 220
incidence/risk/mortality of 266–267 1639 1640
myasthenic syndrome in 268 1035
paraneoplastic syndromes associated with 267–268 1696–1697
pleural effusion in 302
radon exposure and 267 297 1601
screening for 265 1655 1656
secondary 272–273
smoking/smoking cessation and 267 297 1646 1647
solitary pulmonary nodule 265–266
staging of 268–270 269 270
survival rates for 272 272
treatment of 270–272 1664
Lung capacity 222 223
total (TLC) 223
in COPD 238
Lung fluke, paragonimiasis caused by 1506–1508
Lung scanning
in pulmonary embolism 282–283
in pulmonary heart disease 412
in pulmonary hypertension 291
Lung sounds 221
Lung transplantation
for COPD 242
for cystic fibrosis 246
for pulmonary hypertension 411
Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), for COPD 242–243
Lung volumes 221 222 223
in COPD 238
Lupus anticoagulant 532–533 835 837
pregnancy loss and 775 776 837
stroke and 993
in systemic lupus erythematosus 532 835 836
Lupus anticoagulant-anticardiolipin-antiphospholipid antibody syndrome 775–776 837–838
pregnancy loss and 775 776 837
systemic lupus erythematosus and 835 836 836
Lupus cerebritis 836
Lupus erythematosus
autoantibodies in 105 799 834 835 836
chilblain 1591
chronic cutaneous 104–105
discoid 104–105
drug-related 105 147 298 793 834 834
subacute cutaneous (SCLE) 105
systemic 833–837
Lupus nephritis 835 916 924
Lupus panniculitis 137
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
in amenorrhea 1184
deficiency of 1104–1105 1179
gynecomastia and 1100
in hypogonadism 1179 1180 1180 1181
in infertility workup 749 953 954
laboratory reference range for 1740
for male infertility 954
in menopause 760
in persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome) 746
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs
for benign prostatic hyperplasia 955
for prostate cancer 966 966
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonists, for psychosexual disorders 1054
Luteoma of pregnancy 1171
Lutzomyia, leishmaniasis transmitted by 1480
Luvox See Fluvoxamine
LVEDP See Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
LVRS See Lung volume reduction surgery
P.1825
Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) 1457–1462 1461 1554
arthritis in 1459 1461–1462 1461
Lyme disease vaccine and 1461
rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from 828
“chronic” (“post-Lyme disease syndrome”) 1461 1462
coinfections and 1462
ehrlichiosis 1397 1462
congenital 1458
diagnosis/overdiagnosis of 1457 1462
laboratory findings and 1459–1460
erythema migrans in 123–124 1458
head and neck symptoms in 216
HLA in 1459
myopericarditis in 408 1458
neuropathy associated with 1026 1458–1459 1459
during pregnancy 1458 1462
prevention of 1460–1461
serologic testing in 1459–1460
serosurveys in 1458
treatment of 1461–1462 1461
Lyme disease-like illness, Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) in transmission of 1457
Lyme disease vaccine, removal of from market 1461
LYMErix See Lyme disease vaccine
Lymph, in urine (chyluria) 932
in filariasis 1522
Lymph nodes See also specific nodes and Lymphadenitis; Lymphadenopathy
in filariasis 1522
in Hodgkin's disease 514
Lymphadenectomy, selective (sentinel lymph node biopsy)
in breast cancer 718 1658
arm edema avoidance and 725
Lymphadenitis 475–476
in chancroid 1433
dermatopathic 106
in filariasis 1522
histiocytic necrotizing (Kikuchi's disease) 215
mycobacterial (tuberculous and nontuberculous) 215–216 1438
in plague 1431
Lymphadenopathy
in African trypanosomiasis 1463
autoimmune 215
in cat-scratch disease 1433
cervical, reactive 215
in chronic lymphocytic leukemia 510
in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) 106
dermatopathic 106
in exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma 106
in filariasis 1522
HIV 215 217
auditory tube dysfunction/serous otitis media and 194
in lymphogranuloma venereum (buboes) 645 1440
in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 512
in onchocerciasis 1528
in pharyngitis 205
in Whipple's disease 604
Lymphangiosarcoma 476
Lymphangitic carcinomatosis 273
Lymphangitis 475–476 1556
in filariasis 1522
Lymphatic channel diseases 475–477
in filariasis 1522
in sporotrichosis 1546
Lymphedema 476–477
after mastectomy 477
Lymphedema praecox 476
Lymphedema tarda 476
Lymphoblastic lymphoma 513
Lymphocyte count
laboratory reference range for 1740
in nutritional assessment 1263
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis 1372–1374
Lymphocytic colitis 631
Lymphocytic gastritis 585
Lymphocytoma, borrelia 1458
Lymphocytopenia, idiopathic CD4
Lymphocytosis, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia 510
Lymphogranuloma venereum 645 1440–1441
Lymphoma 512–518 1663
adult T cell 1375
in celiac disease 603 611
cerebral, primary, in HIV infection/AIDS 1000 1003 1324 1328
cutaneous T cell (mycosis fungoides) 105–106 1663
exfoliative dermatitis and 106 107
fever caused by 1287
follicular, bcl-2 gene in 512
gastric 598–599
Helicobacter pylori infection and 584 588–589 1644
gastrointestinal 610–611
head and neck 216
in HIV infection/AIDS 1000 1003 1323 1328 1335 1644
incidence/mortality of 1640
large cell (Richter's syndrome) 510
lymphoblastic 513
mantle cell 531
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALToma) 513 598–599
Helicobacter pylori infection and 584 598–599 1644
of thyroid 1124 1127 1129
nose and paranasal sinus involvement and 201
paraneoplastic syndromes associated with 1696–1697
primary effusion (body cavity) 1362
testicular 971 973
of thyroid 1124 1129
Lymphoproliferative disorder, posttransplant 1359
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) 1087 1627
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