E
Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.
Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition
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I
IA-2/IA2-b antibodies, in type 1 diabetes 1195 1196
IAA See Insulin, antibodies to
IABC See Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation
IADL See Instrumental activities of daily living
Iatrogenic drug reactions, in elderly 64–66
Ibandronate, for osteoporosis 1157
Ibotenic acid, anticholinergic-type mushroom poisoning and 1630
Ibritumomab tiuxetan 1660 1668 1676
Ibuprofen 75
lithium interactions and 1077
Ibutilide 370
for atrial flutter 378
for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation 377
IC (inspiratory capacity) 223
ICD See Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
“Ice” 1089
Ice water bath, for heat stroke 1594
ICF See Intracellular fluid
ICSI See Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Icteric leptospirosis (Weil's syndrome) 1456
Icterus See Jaundice
Idarubicin 1675
toxicity of 1675 1685
Idiogenic osmoles, hypernatremia treatment and 871
Idiopathic adulthood ductopenia 691
Idiopathic arteritis of Takayasu (pulseless disease) 414 463–464
Idiopathic brachial plexus neuropathy (neuralgic amyotrophy) 1031
Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP/cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis/COP) 246–247 276–278 278
Idiopathic cholestasis/jaundice of pregnancy 651 782–783
Idiopathic epilepsy 980
Idiopathic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia 276–278 277–278
Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) 402
Idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 924–925
Idiopathic midline destructive disease 201
Idiopathic polyneuropathy, acute See Guillain-Barr syndrome
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis See Idiopathic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 293
Idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, diffuse (DISH) 853
Idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura 518–520 519
Idiopathic torsion dystonia 1011–1012
Idiosyncratic drug reactions
hyponatremia caused by 869
liver disease caused by 666
Idioventricular rhythm, accelerated 381
in myocardial infarction 362
Idoxuridine 1352
IFA See Immunofluorescence assay
Ifosfamide, hemorrhagic cystitis caused by 1683
mesna for amelioration of 1677 1683
IgA
in celiac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis 113 602
in common variable immunodeficiency 796
laboratory reference range for 1739
in myeloma 515
selective deficiency of 795–796
serum levels of, in IgA nephropathy 917
in toxoplasmosis 1499
IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) 915–917 916 917
IgE
in anaphylaxis/urticaria/angioedema 121 791–792
in trichinosis 1532
IGF-1 See Insulin-like growth factor-1
IGF-2 See Insulin-like growth factor-2
IgG
in autoimmune hemolytic anemia 495
in bullous pemphigoid 127
P.1814
in celiac disease 602
in Chagas' disease 1466
in common variable immunodeficiency 796
deficiency of, with IgA deficiency 795
in epidemic louse-borne typhus 1393
in hepatitis A 653 653
in hepatitis B 653 654 654
in herpes (pemphigoid) gestationis 127
in IgA nephropathy 917
in immune complex disease 794
intravenous See Intravenous immune globulin
laboratory reference range for 1739
in leishmaniasis 1483 1485
in Lyme disease 1459
in mononucleosis 1359
in multiple sclerosis 1015
in myeloma 515
in pemphigus 126
platelet-associated 526
laboratory reference range for 1741
in Q fever endocarditis 1398
in rheumatoid arthritis 828
in toxoplasmosis 1499 1500 1501
in trichinosis 1532
IgG index, laboratory reference range for 1739
IGIV See Intravenous immune globulin
IgM
in African trypanosomiasis 1464
in arbovirus encephalitis 1372
in Chagas' disease 1466
in cold agglutinin disease 496
in common variable immunodeficiency 796
in epidemic louse-borne typhus 1393
in hepatitis A 652 653
in hepatitis B 653 654 654 659
laboratory reference range for 1739
in leishmaniasis 1483 1485
in Lyme disease 1459
in mononucleosis 1359
in paragonimiasis 1507
in rheumatoid arthritis 828
in rubella 1368
in toxoplasmosis 1499 1500 1501
in trichinosis 1532
in Waldenstr m's macroglobulinemia 517 518
in West Nile fever 1372
IHSS See Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
IL See under Interleukin
Ileocolitis, eosinophilic, angiostrongylus causing 1517
Iletin insulin 1212 1213
Ileum See also Small intestine
carcinoid tumor arising in 611
resection of
short bowel syndrome and 605–606
vitamin B12 deficiency and 487 605 606
Ileus
gallstone 685
in pancreatitis 695
paralytic (adynamic) 607–608
vincristine-induced 1684
Iliac arteries, atherosclerotic (occlusive) disease of 453
Iliofemoral venous thrombosis 471
Iliotibial band syndrome 825
Illicit drug use See Substance use disorders
Illiteracy (functional health), noncompliance and 1
Illness behaviors, abnormal 1047–1049
Illusions
in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders 1058
temporal lobe lesions causing 1001
Iloprost, for pulmonary hypertension 411
Imagery, emotive, for anxiety disorders 1047
Imatinib mesylate (STI571) 1669 1676
for chronic myelogenous leukemia 504 505 1669
for gastrointestinal stromal tumors 1669
Imbalance See Disequilibrium; Falls; Vertigo; Vestibular disorders
IMC-C225 See Cetuximab
Imidazoles 1584–1585
topical 89
ImiDs, in cancer chemotherapy 1668
Imiglucerase, for Gaucher's disease 1706
Imipenem 1568–1569
for anaerobic intra-abdominal infections 1435
for anthrax prophylaxis/treatment 1412
cost of 1561
therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and 1558
Imipramine 1071 1072
for migraine prophylaxis 976
monitoring concentrations of 1071 1734
Imiquimod, for genital warts 128 646
Immediate hypersensitivity reaction See Hypersensitivity reactions
Immersion syndrome 1592
Immobility
decubitus ulcers (pressure sores) and 60 140–141
in elderly 59–60
pulmonary embolism and 60 281
rhabdomyolysis and 843
urinary incontinence and 62
Immune alveolar hemorrhage 293
Immune complex disease 794–795 798
glomerulonephritis and 905
membranous nephropathy and 921
Immune globulin See specific type and Intravenous immune globulin
Immune insulin resistance 1221
Immune reconstitution syndromes (“IRIS”) 1329
Immune restitution disease 1357
Immunity/immune response
cancer etiology and 1644
cell-mediated (cellular), tests for, in nutritional assessment 1263
disorders of See Autoimmunity; Immunocompromised host; Immunodeficiency
HIV/antiretroviral therapy affecting See also HIV infection/AIDS
Immunizations (vaccines) 3–4 1301–1315
cancer therapy and 1700
recommended types/schedules for
for adults 3–4 3 1304–1313 1307–1309
for elderly 55
in HIV infection/AIDS/immunocompromised patients 4 1308
for infants/children/adolescents 1301–1304 1305–1306
during pregnancy 767
for travelers 1313–1315
Immunoblot assay/test
in cystic hydatid disease 1514
in hepatitis C 655
Immunocompromised host See also HIV infection/AIDS; Immunodeficiency
bronchiectasis in 243
Chagas' disease reactivation and 1466
coccidial and microsporidial infection in 1475–1478
cytomegalovirus infection in 1360
decubitus ulcers in 141
diarrhea in 1475–1478
external otitis/osteomyelitis of skull base and 182–183
fever/FUO and 499 1286
fever in 1287
herpes zoster in 110
herpetic stomatitis in 204
histoplasmosis in 1538
immunizations in 4
influenza virus vaccine 1310 1384
infections in 1288–1291
cancer patients and 1289 1694–1695
molds causing 1547–1550
leishmaniasis in 1481
neurologic complications of cancer and 1004
nocardiosis in 1436
pulmonary infiltrates/pneumonia in 256
scabies in 134 135
squamous cell carcinoma and 131
tuberculosis in 257
Immunodeficiency 795–798 795
cancer etiology and 1644
common variable 796
HIV See HIV infection/AIDS
infections associated with 1288–1291 1694–1695
selective IgA 795–796
Immunofixation electrophoresis, in myeloma 516
Immunofluorescence assay, in Lyme disease 1459
Immunofluorescence microscopy 800
in syphilis diagnosis 1445–1446
in viral infections 1349
Immunogenetics 800–806 801
Immunoglobulins See also specific type under Ig and Antibodies
in colostrum/breast milk 784
laboratory reference ranges for 1739
overproduction of 796–798
Immunomodulating therapy 805–806
in cancer 1699–1700
for Crohn's disease 622 625–626
for psoriasis 99
Immunopathologic hypoglycemia 1234 1234 1239
Immunosuppressive therapy 803–805
for aplastic anemia 498
for autoimmune hemolytic anemia 496
breast feeding and 786
in diabetes mellitus 1195 1202
fever/FUO and 1287
for Goodpasture's syndrome 293
hyperkalemia caused by 876
for idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura 520
infections and 1289 1290
Kaposi sarcoma complicating 132
for multiple sclerosis 1015
for myasthenia gravis 1034
P.1815
for myasthenic (Lambert-Eaton) syndrome 1035
for polyarteritis nodosa 845
for pure red cell aplasia 489
for systemic lupus erythematosus 836
after transplant 803–805
for ulcerative colitis 630
Immunotherapy See also Immunomodulating therapy
for allergies 789 790–791
for asthma 234 790–791
in cancer treatment 1699–1700
melanoma vaccines and 1700
in diabetes mellitus 1202
venom 792
in wart removal 129
Impedance plethysmography, in venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism 283
Imperforate hymen, amenorrhea caused by 1183
Impetigo 113 1401 1556
allergic contact dermatitis differentiated from 113 114
antibiotics for 89 113 1401 1556
in HIV infection/AIDS 1327
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
for cardiac failure 395
for cardiomyopathy 403
postinfarction 365
for ventricular fibrillation/sudden death 381
for ventricular tachycardia 380
Impotence See Erectile dysfunction/impotence
Impulse conduction, disturbances of See Conduction disturbances
Impulse control disorders
aggressive/violent behavior and 1081
in dementia 1092
in personality changes due to general medical condition (organic personality syndrome) 1092
IMRT See Intensity modulated radiation therapy
In vitro fertilization 750
Inactivated enhanced-potency poliovaccine (IPV/Salk vaccine) 1305–1306 1314 1367
Inactivity, physical, prevention of 12–13
Incentive spirometry, prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and 42
Incest 1052
Inclusion body encephalitis, measles vaccination and 1363
Inclusion body myositis 841 1037
Inclusion conjunctivitis 156
Inclusion cysts, epidermal (EIC) 139
furuncles differentiated from 138
Inclusion disease, cytomegalovirus, in newborn 1360
Incompetent cervix 768
cerclage/activity restriction for 769
Incomplete abortion 768 769
Incontinence See Fecal incontinence; Urinary incontinence
Incretins, for diabetes mellitus 1212
Indanedione rodenticides (superwarfarins), poisoning caused by 1618–1619
Indapamide 429
Inderal See Propranolol
Indian tick typhus 1392
Indigestion See Dyspepsia
Indinavir 1337 1340–1341 1343
resistance to 1345
Indocin See Indomethacin
Indometh See Indomethacin
Indomethacin 75
adverse ocular effects of 179
for ankylosing spondylitis 853
for gout 812
lithium interactions and 1077
in pain management 75
for patent ductus arteriosus 324
Industrial bronchitis 297
Inevitable abortion 768
Infant See Newborn
Infant botulism 1410
Infarcts See specific type
Infection/infectious diseases 1286–1316
in acute leukemia 508
arthritis and 855–858
bacterial 1400–1440
after bite wounds 1296
burn injury and 1597–1598
in cancer etiology 1644
in cancer patients 1289 1694–1695
central vein catheters and 1284
chlamydial 1440–1442
cognitive disorders/delirium caused by 1091
in drug users 1298–1299
HIV infection/AIDS 1298 1319 1331
postexposure prophylaxis and 1333
fever/FUO and 27 1286–1288
after frostbite, prevention of 1592
gastritis caused by 585
headache and 32
helminthic 1501–1535
immunization against 3–4 3 1301–1315 1305–1306 1307–1309
in elderly 55
in immunocompromised host 1288–1291 1694–1695
mycotic 1536–1550
of bones and joints 859–860
superficial 100–104
neuropathies associated with 1025–1026
neutropenia and 498 499 1555
nosocomial 1291–1293
opportunistic See Opportunistic infections
prevention of 3–4 3 1301–1315 1305–1306 1307–1309
in cancer patient/immunocompromised host 1331–1333 1332 1346–1347 1346 1694
protozoal 1463–1501
reactive arthritis/Reiter's syndrome and 854
rickettsial 1355–1356 1391–1398 1392
seizures and 980
shock associated with See Sepsis/septic shock
spirochetal 1443–1462
spondyloarthropathies and 852
surgical site, antibiotic prophylaxis for 46–48 47
viral 1349–1391
Infection control
handwashing and 1291 1292
nosocomial infection prevention and 1292
Infectious mononucleosis See Mononucleosis
Infective endocarditis See Endocarditis, infective
Inferior vena cava filters/interruption, for pulmonary embolism 289
Infertility 748–750 952
female 748–750
endometriosis and 740
hormone therapy for 749 1107
in persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome) 746 747
male 748 952–954 953
cryptorchism and 1102
hormone therapy for 1107
in Klinefelter's syndrome 1180 1707
radiation causing 1600
Inflammation See also specific type and structures or systems affected
in burn patient 1596
coronary heart disease and 340
in HIV infection/AIDS 1329
neuropathies associated with 1025–1026
Inflammatory bowel disease 620–631
amebiasis differentiated from 1470
arthritis and 855
HLA in 851 855
colorectal cancer and 624 630 638
diarrhea in 549
drug therapy for 620–622
gastrointestinal bleeding and 555
primary sclerosing cholangitis and 691
social support for patient with 622
Inflammatory breast carcinoma 715
during lactation 782
Inflammatory eye disease 150 151 153
drugs for management of 174–175
Inflammatory pericarditis 407–409
Inflammatory skin nodules 137–139
Infliximab 805
for ankylosing spondylitis 853
for Crohn's disease 622 624 626
for psoriasis 99
for rheumatoid arthritis 831
for ulcerative colitis 630
Influenza 1382–1384
amantadine/rimantadine for treatment/prevention of 1352 1353 1384 1586
neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir/zanamivir) for prevention/treatment of 1353 1384 1586
prevention of See Influenza virus vaccine
Influenza virus vaccine 3 1305–1306 1306–1310 1307–1309 1383–1384
for elderly 55 1306 1310 1383
in HIV infection/AIDS 4 1308 1310 1384
pneumonia prevention and 253
during pregnancy 767 1308
Infratentorial arteriovenous malformations 998
Infusion pumps
enteral nutritional support 1283
insulin 1216 1218
during pregnancy 777
Ingrown hairs, pseudofolliculitis caused by 119
Ingrown nails 145
INH See Isoniazid
Inhalation injury/smoke inhalation 293–294 1596 1617
Inhalational anthrax 1411 1411–1412 1413
Inhalers
for insulin administration 1216
metered-dose
for asthma therapy 231 234 237
for COPD therapy 241
Injection drug use See also Substance use disorders
endocarditis and 1298 1415 1419 1555
P.1816
hematogenous osteomyelitis and 858 1298
infections and 1298–1299
HIV infection/AIDS 1298 1319 1331
postexposure prophylaxis and 1333
Injury See Trauma
Inner ear disorders 187–193
Innocent murmurs 315
Innohep See Tinzaparin
Inocybe (muscarinic) mushroom poisoning 1629 1630 1630
Inotropic agents, positive See also Digitalis/digitalis glycosides
for cardiac failure 394–395
Insect bites/stings 136–137
anaphylaxis caused by 791
venom immunotherapy and 792
scorpion stings 1636
spider bites 136 1636
urticaria caused by 122 123 136
Insecticide poisoning
chlorinated agents 1622
cholinesterase inhibitors (anticholinesterases) 1631–1632
paraquat 1631
Insemination
artificial, in azoospermia 750
intrauterine, for infertility caused by inadequate transport of sperm 750
Insight, assessment of in mental status exam 1038
Insomnia 1079–1080
drug therapy for 1045 1079–1080
fatal familial 1375
MAOI-induced 1073
Inspiratory capacity (IC) 223
Inspiratory/expiratory time ratio 221
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) 223
Inspra See Eplerenone
Instability See Falls; Gait/gait disorders; Genetic instability
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), assessment of ability to perform, in elderly 50–52 51
Insulin See also Insulin therapy
antibodies to
in factitious hypoglycemia 1238–1239
in immunopathologic hypoglycemia 1234 1234 1239
insulin therapy causing 1220–1221
in type 1 diabetes 1195 1196
antidepressant drug interactions and 1074
B cell tumors/insulinomas secreting 1178 1179 1191 1234–1237
B cells secreting 1178
blood levels of
in insulinoma diagnosis 1235
prebreakfast hyperglycemia and 1219 1219
drugs affecting action of 1208 1209–1211
drugs affecting secretion of 1206–1209 1207
exogenous, in factitious hypoglycemia 1238
insensitivity to See Insulin resistance/insulin insensitivity
laboratory reference range for 1739
mutant, diabetes caused by 1197
obesity affecting response to 1098 1099 1196
receptors for See Insulin receptors
renal failure affecting clearance of 911
resistance to See Insulin resistance/insulin insensitivity
Insulin aspart 1212 1213–1214 1213 1218
in mixtures/combination therapy 1213 1215 1218
Insulin glargine 1212 1214 1215 1218 1219
Insulin glulisine 1212 1213–1214 1213 1218
Insulin hypoglycemia test, in growth hormone deficiency 1105
Insulin infusion pumps 1216 1218
during pregnancy 777
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
in growth hormone deficiency 1105
in growth hormone excess (acromegaly and gigantism) 1110 1111
laboratory reference range for 1739
Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), hypoglycemia due to extrapancreatic tumors and 1237
Insulin lispro 1212 1213–1214 1213 1218
in mixtures/combination therapy 1213 1215 1218
Insulin receptors
antibodies to, in immunopathologic hypoglycemia 1234 1234 1239
mutant, diabetes caused by 1197
Insulin resistance/insulin insensitivity
acanthosis nigricans and 1100 1201
in Cushing's syndrome 1168
dawn phenomenon and 1219 1219
in diabetes 1196–1197 1197–1198 1217
genetic See Insulin resistance syndrome
hepatitis C and 655
immune 1221
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and 667 668
in polycystic ovary syndrome 746–747
in pregnancy 776
in renal failure 911
Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome/syndrome X/CHAOS) 343 1197–1198 1252 1267 1268
coronary heart disease and 339 347
hypertension and 422
obesity and 1098 1099 1267 1268
Insulin syringes and needles 1215–1216
Insulin therapy 1212–1216 1213 1214 1218 1218–1219 1219
administration methods/regimens for 1215–1216
allergy to 1220–1221
complications of 1220–1221
concentrations of insulin and 1212
continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSII) 1216 1218
for diabetic ketoacidosis 1229–1230
for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state 1232
for hyperkalemia 876 877
hypoglycemic reactions and 1202 1204 1220
inhalation for administration of 1216
intensive 1218–1219 1219
clinical studies of long-term complications and 1202 1203 1203–1205
diabetic nephropathy development/progression and 923 1202 1204 1222
diabetic retinopathy development/progression and 167 1202 1204
hypoglycemia and 1202 1204 1220
during pregnancy 777
in type 2 diabetics 1203
intraoperative requirements/administration of 45–46 45 1226
lipodystrophy/lipohypertrophy and 1221
mixtures for 1213 1215
monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and 1074
during pregnancy 776 777
preparation types available 1212–1215 1213 1214
in prevention/delay of diabetes 1202
purified insulin and 1212 1213
self-monitoring of blood glucose and 1200
species of insulin and 1212
surgery and 45–46 45 1226
for type 1 diabetics 1212–1216 1213 1214 1218–1219 1219
for type 2 diabetics 1203 1218
Insulinomas 1178 1179 1191 1234–1237 1234
obesity and 1099
Intal See Cromolyn
INTCS See Intrastromal corneal ring segments
Integrilin See Eptifibatide
Intelligence tests 1040
Intensity modulated radiation therapy 1659
Intensive care unit psychosis 1095
Intercostal neuritis 344
Intercourse, sexual See Sexual intercourse
Interdigital (toe web) tinea pedis, cellulitis and 103 125
Interferon-a/interferon alfa 805 1352
for cancer chemotherapy 1669 1674 1685–1686
for hepatitis B 660 1352 1588
for hepatitis C 657 661–662 1352 1588
cancer prevention and 1649
renal disease and 924
for hepatitis D 662 1588
immunomodulating action of 805
for melanoma 1669
for myeloma 1669
pegylated (peginterferon), for hepatitis C 661–662 1588
for renal cell carcinoma 1669
for SARS 1386
thyroid dysfunction caused by 1131
toxicity of 1674 1685–1686
Interferon-γ, in burn injury 1596
Interferons, antiviral activity of 1588
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist 805 832
for rheumatoid arthritis 805 832
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
in burn injury 1596
for cancer chemotherapy 1674
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) activated killer cells, cellular adoptive therapy with 805
Interleukin-2 receptor
denileukin diftitox affecting cells expressing, in cancer chemotherapy 1668
humanized antibody to 804
Interleukin-4 (IL-4), in burn injury 1596
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
in amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism 1136
in burn injury 1596
in polymyalgia rheumatica/giant cell arteritis 847
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), in familial Mediterranean fever 563
Interleukin-10 (IL-10), in burn injury 1596
Interleukin-11 (neumega/IL-11)
for chemotherapy-induced toxicity 1678
recombinant (oprelvekin), for chemotherapy-induced toxicity 1671 1681
P.1817
Intermediate-acting insulin 1212 1213 1214
Intermediate uveitis (pars planitis) 162
Intermittency, urinary 932
Intermittent claudication See Claudication
Intermittent negative-pressure (cuirass) ventilation, for COPD 242
Intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB), prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and 42
Internal hordeolum 154
International Prognostic Index 513–514
Interosseous nerve, anterior, lesion of 1028
Interpersonal relationships, social issues for terminally ill/dying patient and 83 83
Interstitial cystitis 949–950
Interstitial lung disease 275–280 275
acute pneumonitis (AIP) 277
cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis (COP/bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia/BOOP) 246–247 276–278 278
desquamative pneumonia (DIP) 276–278
drug-related 275 298
eosinophilic 280
idiopathic fibrosing pneumonia 276–278 277–278
nonspecific pneumonia/pneumonitis (NSIP) 276–278 277
in HIV infection/AIDS 1323
pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 279–280
respiratory bronchiolitis-associated (RB-ILD) 276–278 277
sarcoidosis 278–279
usual pneumonia/pneumonitis (UIP) 276–278 277
Interstitial nephritis 901 905
Intertriginous area
miliaria affecting 120
seborrhea of 100
Intertrigo 108
tinea differentiated from 102
Interventricular septum
hypertrophy of, in cardiomyopathy 402 403
rupture of, in myocardial infarction 364
Intervertebral disks
cervical
arthritic/degenerative disorders of 816 1031
herniation/protrusion of 815–816 1030–1031 1032–1033
lumbar/sacral, herniation of 817 818 818 819
Interview, psychiatric 1038
Intestinal amebiasis 545 546 549 550
Intestinal anisakiasis 1516
Intestinal ascariasis 1518
Intestinal bacterial overgrowth 604–605
irritable bowel syndrome and 616
vitamin B12 deficiency and 487 605
Intestinal fluke, large, fasciolopsiasis caused by 1504–1505
Intestinal ischemia 459
Intestinal motility disorders See Motility disorders
Intestinal obstruction See also Motility disorders
in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) 608–609
in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction 609–610
in Crohn's disease 623
fecal impaction and 544
in gastroparesis 609–610
vomiting and 539
Intestinal polyps 610 633
Intestinal strongyloidiasis 1530
Intestinal trichinosis 1532 1533
Intestinal tuberculosis 614
Intoxication See also specific substance causing
acute alcohol 1083–1084
osmolar gap and 872 1614 1614
cognitive disorders/delirium caused by 1091
Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC), for acute coronary syndromes 354
Intra-arterial embolization See Embolization
Intracellular fluid (ICF) 865
Intracerebral hemorrhage 992 994–995
arteriovenous malformations causing 997
in head injury 1020
headache in 32 978 995
hypertension and 425 994
oral contraceptives and 753
thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction and 358
Intracoronary stents See Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)/stenting; Stents/stent grafts (“covered stents”), intracoronary
Intracranial aneurysm 992 996–997
in polycystic kidney disease 928
Intracranial bleeding See Intracerebral hemorrhage; Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Intracranial hypertension
benign (pseudotumor cerebri) 1005–1006
lithium use and 1076
brain abscess/infection causing 1004 1295
cerebral injury and 1019–1020
headache and 32
in neurocysticercosis 1510 1511 1512
optic disk swelling and (papilledema) 169
sixth nerve paralysis and 170
space-occupying tumors causing 999–1001 1002
vomiting caused by 539
relief of in terminally ill/dying patient 81
Intracranial mass lesions 999–1003 1000
abscess causing 1003–1004
coma or stupor caused by 1018
false localizing signs and 1001
headache caused by 32 974 977–978
cough headache and 974 977
in HIV infection/AIDS 1003
toxoplasmosis 1003 1324 1335 1499
metastatic 1002
ocular motor palsy caused by 170
primary 999–1002 1000
seizures caused by 980
sixth nerve palsy caused by 170
Intracranial venous thrombosis 998
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection 750
Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma (Bowen's disease) 107
Intrahepatic portosystemic shunts See Transvenous (transjugular) intrahepatic portosystemic shunts
Intralipid See Intravenous fat
Intraocular foreign body 171
Intraocular hypertension See also Glaucoma
in acute angle closure glaucoma 159
in chronic glaucoma 160 160–161
drug therapy for 161 173–174
in elderly 65
Intraocular inflammation 162
drugs for management of 174–175
Intraocular pressure, elevated See Intraocular hypertension
Intrastromal corneal ring segments (INTCS) 153
Intraurethral stents, for benign prostatic hyperplasia 961
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) 755–756 755
abnormal premenstrual bleeding and 729
for emergency/postcoital contraception 755 757
pelvic inflammatory disease and 742 755
progesterone-releasing 1187
Intrauterine insemination, for infertility caused by inadequate transport of sperm 750
Intravascular ultrasound, in angina 347
Intravenous catheters See Intravenous lines
Intravenous drug use See Injection drug use
Intravenous fat, in nutritional support 1282 1284
Intravenous gamma globulin See Intravenous immune globulin
Intravenous immune globulin 805–806
for common variable immunodeficiency 796
for idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura 519
Intravenous lines See also Catheters
in burn care 1596
nosocomial infection and 1292
for parenteral nutritional support 1281
complications associated with 1284
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) 899
Intraventricular conduction defects 383
Intravesical chemotherapy, for bladder cancer 968
Intrinsic factor 487
Intrinsic renal failure 901 902
Intubation See also Airway management; Mechanical ventilation
in asthma 237
for burn injuries 1596
conversion to tracheotomy and 213
hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia and 253
in hypothermia 1590
for near drowning victim 1602
for respiratory failure 308
for smoke inhalation 293–294 1596
Intubation granulomas 210
Inulin clearance, glomerular filtration rate measurement and 898
Invalidism, chronic pain disorders and 1050
Invasive fibrous (Riedel's) thyroiditis 1145 1146
Invasive mole 773
hyperthyroidism in 774 1136
Inverse pityriasis rosea 99
Inverse psoriasis, tinea infections differentiated from 102
Inverted papilloma 200
Invirase See Saquinavir
Involutional melancholia (postmenopausal depression) 760 1187
Iodide, breast feeding and 786
Iodinated contrast agents, for Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism 1139
Iodine
in amiodarone
hyperthyroidism and 1136
hypothyroidism and 1131 1133 1136
P.1818
breast feeding and 786
deficiency of, goiter caused by 1130
dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for 1256
hyperthyroidism caused by (jodbasedow disease) 1135
radioactive See Radioactive iodine; Radioiodine thyroid scans and uptake
supplementary, in goiter prevention/treatment 1130–1131 1131
Iodized salt, goiter prevention/treatment and 1131
Iodobenzylguanidine (IGG) scanning, in pheochromocytoma diagnosis 1176
Iodochlorhydroxyquin, adverse ocular effects of 179
Iodoquinol
adverse effects of 1472
for amebiasis 1470 1471 1472
Ionizing radiation reactions See also under Radiation
Iontophoresis sweat test, in cystic fibrosis 244
Iopanoic acid, for Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism 1139
Iopidine See Apraclonidine
Iothalamate scanning, radionuclide, in renal function evaluation 899
Ipecac syrup, for poisoning/drug overdose 1611
Ipodate sodium, for Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism 1139
IPPB See Intermittent positive-pressure breathing
Ipratropium 790
for asthma 234–236 235
for COPD 241 242
IPV (inactivated poliovaccine/salk vaccine) 1305–1306 1314 1367
IQ tests 1040
Irbesartan 433 434
with hydrochlorothiazide 434
Iressa See Gefitinib
Iridodialysis 171
Irinotecan 1666 1675
St. John's wort interactions and 1714
UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms affecting response to 1642
Iris, prostaglandin analogs affecting color of 161
“IRIS” (immune reconstitution syndromes) 1329
Iris nodules, in uveitis 162
Iritis 162
Iron
accumulation of
in hemochromatosis 676 677
in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 667
in sideroblastic anemia 486
from transfusions (hemosiderosis), in thalassemia 485 486
deficiency of/iron deficiency anemia 481–483 482
in chronic renal failure 910
in cirrhosis 672
esophageal webs and (Plummer-Vinson syndrome) 482 572
gastrointestinal bleeding and 482 557
in Goodpasture's syndrome 293
in hookworm disease 1525
in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 293
malabsorption and 600
in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 482 491
in polycythemia 501
during pregnancy 481–482 766 775
dietary 481
requirements for
dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for 1256
in nutritional support 1282
overdose/toxicity of 1611 1615 1625–1626
proton pump inhibitors affecting 588
serum levels of
in anemia of chronic disease 484
in iron deficiency anemia 482
laboratory reference range (normal values) for 1739
in overdose 1625
storage 481
in iron deficiency anemia 482
in polycythemia 501
supplementary
for hookworm disease 1525–1526
for iron deficiency anemia 483
for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 491
in pregnancy 482 766 775
total body 481
Iron-binding capacity, total (TIBC)
in iron deficiency anemia 482
laboratory reference range for 1739
Iron deficiency anemia See Iron, deficiency of
Iron overload See Hemochromatosis; Hemosiderosis
Irritable bowel syndrome 542 615–618
Irritant contact dermatitis 114
Irritative voiding symptoms 932
in benign prostatic hyperplasia 956 956
in bladder cancer 967
in cystitis 33 938
in epididymitis 933 943
in prostatitis 940 941
in pyelonephritis 938
IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) 223
Isaac's syndrome 1102
Ischemia
acute tubular necrosis/renal failure caused by 902–903
brain stem, seizures differentiated from 983
intestinal 459
limb
acute 461–462
in lower extremity occlusive disease 453
mesenteric 459
myocardial See Coronary heart disease; Myocardial ischemia
Ischemic chest pain 312
Ischemic colitis 459
gastrointestinal bleeding and 555
Ischemic heart disease See Angina, pectoris; Coronary heart disease
Ischemic hepatopathy 680
Ischemic nephropathy 460
Ischemic rest pain See Rest pain
Islet cell antibodies, in diabetes mellitus 1195
Islet cell tumors 1178–1179
hypoglycemia caused by 1178 1234–1237 1234
in multiple endocrine neoplasia 1150 1178 1179 1191 1234 1237
Islet cells, pancreatic 1178
hyperplasia of, persistent (noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemic syndrome) 1237
transplantation of, for diabetes 1216
Ismelin See Guanethidine
Isocarboxazid, overdose/toxicity of 1629
Isoflavones, in cancer prevention 1652–1653
Isohemagglutinins, in toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) 1534
Isoniazid 260
adverse ocular effects of 179
benzodiazepine interactions and 1046
nutrients affected by 1260
overdose/toxicity of 1611 1626
pyridoxine (vitamin B6) for 1274 1611
seizures and 1610 1626
therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and 1558
for tuberculosis 260–261 260 261
in bone and joint disease 861
in latent disease/prophylactic 263
in pregnancy 262 781
resistance and 261 262 263
Isophane (NPH) insulin See Insulin therapy; NPH insulin
Isopropanol, overdose/toxicity of, osmolar gap in 888 1614 1614
Isoproterenol, heart murmurs affected by 329
Isoptin See Verapamil
Isosorbide See also Nitrates
for cardiac failure 394
Isospora belli (isosporiasis) 1300 1475 1476 1477 1478
Isosthenuria
in acute renal failure/postrenal azotemia 902
in chronic renal failure 908
Isotonic hyponatremia 866–867 867
Isotretinoin
for acne 117
adverse ocular effects of 179
in cancer prevention 1649
for lupus erythematosus 105
for rosacea 118
teratogenicity of 117
Isradipine 436
overdose/toxicity of 1621
Israel tick fever 1396
Itch-scratch cycle See also Pruritus
in lichen simplex chronicus 97
Itch-X-Gel See Pramoxine
Itching See Pruritus
Itraconazole 1548 1584–1585
cost of 1562
for histoplasmosis 1538–1539 1585
therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and 1558 1584
for vulvovaginal candidiasis 732
IUDs See Intrauterine devices
Ivermectin
for ascariasis 1519
for filariasis 1523
for loiasis 1527
for onchocerciasis 1528
for strongyloidiasis 1531
IVF See In vitro fertilization
IVIG See Intravenous immune globulin
IVP See Intravenous pyelogram
Ixodes ticks See Ticks
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