40 - Cancer
Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.
Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition
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B
B19 parvovirus infection See Parvovirus B19 infection
B antigen, in compatibility testing 533
B cell lymphoma See also Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
gastric 598–599
intestinal 610–611
B cells
pancreatic 1178
in diabetes mellitus 1195
hypoglycemia caused by tumors of 1178 1234–1237 1234
B lymphocytes
clonal malignancy of (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) 510–511
in common variable immunodeficiency 796
in HIV infection/AIDS 1320
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
in cardiac failure 312–313 389
in dyspnea 24
laboratory reference range for 1736
recombinant See Nesiritide
B23 antibodies, in scleroderma 839
Babesia divergens/microti (babesiosis) 1474–1475
Bacillary angiomatosis 1328 1433 1434
Bacillary dysentery (shigella dysentery/gastroenteritis) 545 1299 1300 1301 1303 1426–1427
Bacillus 1553
anthracis 1411 1412 1413 1553
cereus, food poisoning/gastroenteritis caused by 545 1300 1302
P.1760
Bacillus Calmette-Gu rin (BCG), for bladder cancer 968
Bacillus Calmette-Gu rin (BCG) vaccine 263
tuberculin skin test affected by 258 259 263
Bacitracin 1577
for ophthalmic disorders 175
Back pain 817–819 819
acupuncture for 1725 1727
in ankylosing spondylitis 817 818 852
in aortic aneurysm 447 449 817
in aortic dissection 451
disk-related 817 818 818 819
epidural/subdural hemorrhage causing 999
in osteoporosis 817 1102 1155
radiographic evaluation in 818 819
spinal stenosis causing 820
tumor mass causing 817 818 1003 1689
Bacteremia See also Sepsis/septic shock
anaerobic 1435
in asplenic patients 1289
in bartonellosis 1434
campylobacter causing 1429
gonococcal 1432
gram-negative 1423–1424
in listeriosis 1414
osteomyelitis from 858 1407
salmonella 1426 1553
staphylococcal 1407
in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome 1402
in typhoid fever 1425
vibrios causing 1428
Bacterial infections 1400–1440
actinomycosis 1436
anaerobic 1434–1436 1435
drugs for See also Antibiotics; Antimicrobial therapy
endocarditis 1414–1420 1416 1417 1418
gram-negative 1420–1436 1552–1553
gram-positive 1400–1414 1552 1553
mycobacterial 1437–1440
nocardiosis 1436–1437
shock and See Sepsis/septic shock vaginosis, 732
rape/sexual assault in transmission of 1297
Bacterial overgrowth 604–605
vitamin B12 deficiency and 487 605
Bacterial synergistic gangrene 1435
Bacteriuria 935
persistent 936–937
during pregnancy 782
unresolved 936
urinary nitrites in 934–935
Bacteroides
fragilis 1434 1435
gastrointestinal strains of 1435 1552
melaninogenicus See Prevotella, melaninogenica pneumonia caused by, 255, 1434
Bactrim See Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Bactroban See Mupirocin
Bagassosis 296
Baker's cyst 823
deep venous thrombosis differentiated from 471 823
BAL (dimercaprol)
for arsenic poisoning 1620
for lead poisoning 1627
for mercury poisoning 1627
Balamuthia mandrillaris 1472 1473
Balance
age affecting See Falls disorders of See Disequilibrium; Vestibular disorders
Balanitis 121
in chancroid 1433
Balantidium coli (balantidiasis) 1475
Baldness 144–145
Balint's syndrome 1001
Balkan nephropathy, ureteral and renal pelvis cancer and 969
Balloon counterpulsation, intra-aortic See Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation
Balloon dilatation, of prostate, transurethral, for benign prostatic hyperplasia 961
Balloon tube tamponade, for esophageal varices 575
Balloon valvuloplasty See Valvuloplasty
Balsalazide
for inflammatory bowel disease 621
ulcerative colitis 629
Bamboo spine 852
Band keratopathy, in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism 1151
Bandages, eye 177
Banding (band/variceal ligation)
for esophageal varices 574
prevention of first bleeding episode and 576
prevention of rebleeding and 575
Barbiturates
adverse ocular effects of 178
overdose/toxicity of 1624–1625
for stroke 994
Bariatric surgery, for obesity 14 1099 1269
Baritosis 295
Barium enema
in adenomatous polyp identification 633–634
in cancer screening/evaluation 15 638 643
Barium esophagography 564–565
in achalasia 579–580
in esophageal cancer 577
in esophageal webs and rings 572
in gastroesophageal reflux disease 566
in motility disorders 580–581
Barium poisoning, hypokalemia caused by 873
Barium upper gastrointestinal series See Upper gastrointestinal series
Barotrauma
decompression sickness and 1603
mechanical ventilation and 308
otic 184
Barrett's esophagus 566–567
esophageal carcinoma and 567 577
Barrett's technique, for pulmonary hydatid cysts 1514
Bartholin's duct cyst/abscess 733–734
Bartonella (rochalimaea/bartenollosis) 1433–1434
bacillary angiomatosis caused by 1328 1433 1434
henselae 1328 1433
quintana 1328 1433 1434
Bartter's syndrome 874 874
Basal body temperature
charting
in contraception 757
symptothermal natural family planning and 757
in infertility workup 748
Basal cell carcinoma
of skin 130
of vulva 739
Basal cell epithelioma, of eyelid 154–155
Basal energy expenditure (BEE) 1253
Basedow's disease 1135
Basilar artery migraine 975
Basilar artery occlusion, stroke caused by 993
Basilar meningitis, in syphilis 1449 1451
Basilar skull fracture 1020
vertigo caused by 191
Basiliximab 805
Basophil count, laboratory reference range for 1736
Bathing, dermatologic therapy and 86
Battered elderly 17 51 54 54
Battered woman 1081 1082
prevention of injury and 16–17
Battle's sign 1020
Baux Score, burn injury survival and 1596
BCG, for bladder cancer 968
BCG vaccine 263
tuberculin skin test affected by 258 259 263
bcl-2 gene/Bcl-2 protein 1641
in follicular lymphoma 512
gene therapy for cancer and 1700 1701
Bcl-XL protein 1641
BCNU See Carmustine
bcr/abl fusion gene
in chronic myelogenous leukemia 504 505 1641
imatinib mesylate (STI571) treatment and 504 505
Beano (a-D-galactosidase enzyme), for gastrointestinal gas 545
Beau's lines 145
Beck Depression Inventory 1040
Becker's muscular dystrophy 1035–1036 1036
Beclomethasone, for asthma 232
Beclovent See Beclomethasone
Bed rest See also Immobility
back pain and 819
for frostbite 1592
hazards of 59–60
pulmonary embolism and 281
for immersion syndrome 1592
for preeclampsia-eclampsia 772
for rheumatoid arthritis 829
for third-trimester bleeding 774
for threatened abortion 768
Bedbugs, skin lesions caused by 136
Bedside tracheotomy 213
Bedsores (decubitus ulcers) 140–141 141
bed rest/immobility and 60 140–141
BEE See Basal energy expenditure
Beef
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infection of 1374–1375
E coli gastroenteritis transmitted by 1427
trichinosis transmitted by 1532
Beef tapeworm (Taenia saginata) 1508 1509
Beer potomania 869
Behavior
abnormal
illness 1047–1049
during sleep (parasomnias) 1080–1081
assessment of in mental status exam 1038
in demented patients 57–58
in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders 1057
temporal lobe lesions affecting 1001
Behavior modification
for alcohol use/abuse 1085
for chronic fatigue syndrome 30
compliance with recommendations for 1
for obesity management 1268
for paraphilias and gender identity disorders 1054
for personality disorders 1055
P.1761
for psychosexual dysfunction 1054
for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders 1065
for urinary incontinence management 63
Beh et's syndrome 851
HLA in 801
uveitis in 162 851
Bejel (endemic syphilis) 1454
Belascaris procyonis 1534
Belching (eructation) 544
Belladonna
monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and 1074
overdose/toxicity of 1620
Bell's palsy 1030
herpes simplex infection and 1030 1351 1354
Lyme disease and 1458 1461 1461
varicella-zoster virus infection and 1356
Benazepril 434
Bence Jones proteinuria (light chain in urine) 897 929
in myeloma 515 929
renal toxicity and 904 929
Bends 1603
Benicar See Olmesartan
Benign essential (familial) tremor 1006–1007
Benign prostatic hyperplasia 954–961 956 958 959
phytotherapy/saw palmetto for 960 1713 1718
Bentall procedure, for aortic regurgitation 336
Bentonite flocculation test, in trichinosis 1532
Benzamycin See Erythromycin, with benzoyl peroxide
Benzeclin See Clindamycin, with benzoyl peroxide
Benzisothiazolyl 1059 1060
Benzisoxazoles 1059 1060
Benznidazole, for Chagas' disease 1466–1467
Benzodiazepines 1044–1046 1045 1046
for aggressive/violent patient 1082
for alcohol withdrawal 1086
for anxiety 1044–1046 1045 1046
for delirium 1093
drug interactions of 1046
for insomnia 1045 1079
for nausea and vomiting 540
overdose/toxicity of 1045–1046 1611 1624–1625
for panic attacks 1046
for posttraumatic stress disorder 1042
for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders 1061
sleep stages affected by 1079 1081
withdrawal from 1045–1046
Benzoyl peroxide, for acne 116
with clindamycin 88 116
with erythromycin 88 116
Benztropine 1004
Beraprost, for pulmonary hypertension 411
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy) 915–917 916 917
Beriberi 1272–1273
neuropathy associated with 1025 1273
Berloque hyperpigmentation 143
Bernard-Soulier syndrome 523 525
Berry aneurysms 996
polycystic kidney disease and 928
Berylliosis 297–298
Beta-adrenergic agonists
for asthma
exacerbation management and 234 236 237
long-acting 231 233 234
short-acting 234 235 236 237
for COPD 241 242
for hyperkalemia 876 877
for preterm labor prevention 784
Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs
for acute coronary syndromes 353 353
for aggressive/violent behavior 1082 1093
anaphylaxis in patient taking 792
for angina 348 353
for anxiety/stress disorders 1042 1046
for aortic dissection 452
for aortic regurgitation 335
for arrhythmias 368 369
atrial fibrillation 376
in hyperthyroidism 1141
in cardiac failure 395
long QT syndrome 381
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 373
ventricular premature beats 379
in cardiac failure 392–393 433
for cardiomyopathy 403
depression caused by 1067
for esophageal varices
prevention of first bleeding episode and 576
prevention of rebleeding and 575–576
for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 161 173
for Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism 1138 1141
for hypertension 428–433 431–432
in combination products 439
in diabetics 1203–1205
pregnancy and 417 779
regimen for use of 437–439 440
lipid abnormalities associated with use of 1244
for myocardial infarction 353 353 360 365
overdose/toxicity of 428–433 1620
for panic attacks 1046
perioperative administration of 37 38 415
for phobic disorder 1046
Beta-carotene 1276
in cancer prevention 1276 1650–1651
skin discoloration caused by 1100
Beta-globin gene 484 485
in beta thalassemia syndromes 484 485
in sickle cell syndromes 493
Beta-glucocerebrosidase, in Gaucher's disease 1705 1706
Beta-hemolytic streptococci See specific type under Group
Beta-hydroxybutyrate/hydroxybutyric acid
in alcoholic ketoacidosis 888
in diabetic ketoacidosis 887 888 1229
Beta interferon See Interferon-b
Beta-lactam antibiotics 1568–1569
allergy to 791
testing for 793
cephalosporins 1565–1568 1565 1566
Beta-lactamases (penicillinases) 1560
penicillins combined with inhibitors of 1564
penicillins resistant to 1564
staphylococcal 1552
Beta2-microglobulin
in hemochromatosis 676
in myeloma 516
Beta thalassemia syndromes 484–486 485
sickle 494 494
Betagan See Levobunolol
Betaine, for homocystinuria 1706
Betamethasone 88 1193
Betaxolol
for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 161 173
for systemic hypertension 431
Bethesda System, for Pap smear classification 734 735
Betimol See Timolol
Betoptic See Betaxolol
Bevacizumab 1667 1677 1699
Bexarotene 1669
Bextra See Valdecoxib
Bexxar See Tositumomab
Bezold-Jarisch reflex, in angina 343
Bhang 1088
Biaxin See Clarithromycin
Bicalutamide 966 1673
Bicarbonate
alkalosis caused by administration of 892
for diabetic ketoacidosis 1230
in fluid management 895
gastrointestinal loss of, acidosis caused by 888 890
for hyperkalemia 876 877
for increased anion gap acidosis 890–891
laboratory reference range (normal values) for 866 1736
for lactic acidosis 1233
lithium interactions and 1077
for near drowning victim 1603
plasma/serum levels of 885
in acid-base disorders 885 886
in alcoholic ketoacidosis 887
in diabetic ketoacidosis 887 888 1228 1228
in hyperchloremic normal anion gap acidosis 888
in lactic acidosis 1228 1233
in metabolic acidosis 886 886
in metabolic alkalosis 886 891 892
in renal failure 909
in renal tubular acidosis 889
in respiratory acidosis 886 893
in respiratory alkalosis 886 893–894 894
for renal tubular acidosis 891
for salicylate poisoning 891 1634
Biemond syndrome 1099
Bifascicular block 383
Bigeminy 379
Biguanides
for diabetes mellitus 1208
for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment 1488
Bile acid-binding resins, for lipid modification/heart disease prevention 1249–1250
Bile ascites 563
Bile ducts
carcinoma of See Cholangiocarcinoma
common, stones in See Choledocholithiasis
Bile salts
decreased concentration of, malabsorption and 601
in short bowel syndrome 605 606
in gallstones 684
Bilharziasis 1501–1504
Biliary ascariasis 1518
Biliary cirrhosis 670 674–676
P.1762
Biliary colic
in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis 688
in cholelithiasis/gallstones 685
in pregnancy 685
Biliary obstruction 649–650 650
in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis 688 689
in clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis 1506
Biliary pancreatitis 694
Biliary sludge (microlithiasis) 684
Biliary stricture 690
primary sclerosing cholangitis and 691
Biliary tract
diseases of 684–693 685
carcinoma 692–693
cholecystitis 685 686–687
choledocholithiasis/cholangitis 685 688–690
cholelithiasis (gallstones) 684–686 685
in clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis 1506
in coccidiosis and microsporidiosis 1476 1477
dyspepsia and 536
in fascioliasis 1505
in HIV infection/AIDS 1326
inflammation See Cholangitis
pancreatitis and 693 694
pre- and postcholecystectomy syndromes 687–688
primary sclerosing cholangitis 690–692
strictures 690
surgery on, antibiotic prophylaxis for 47
Bilirubin levels See also Hyperbilirubinemia
in alcoholic liver disease 664 665
in biliary tract carcinoma 693
in cholecystitis 686
in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis 689
in cirrhosis 669
in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 492
in hemolytic anemia 490 495
laboratory reference range (normal values) for 649 651 1736
in liver disease/jaundice 649 651
urine 651 934
in vitamin B12 deficiency 488
Bilivist See Ipodate sodium
Billowing mitral valve See Mitral valve prolapse
Bimatoprost, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 161 173
Binge eating, in bulimia nervosa 1271
Biofeedback techniques
for chronic pain disorders 1050
for fecal incontinence 647
for somatoform disorders 1049
Biofields, in energy medicine 1709
Biologic response modifiers 805 1674
Bioprostheses, for cardiac valve replacement 330 336 338
Bioterrorism
anthrax and 1411 1412 1413
botulinum toxin and 1410
chemical warfare agents and
nerve agents 1621–1622
ricin and 1622
plague and 1431
radiation exposure and 1601
smallpox/smallpox vaccination and 111 1312 1388
tularemia (Francisella tularensis) and 1430
Biotin, dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for 1254
Biperiden 1004
Bipolar disorders 1066–1067
drug therapy for 1075–1078 1077
Bipolaris, phaeohyphomycosis caused by 1550
Bird-fancier's lung (pigeon-breeder's disease) 296
Bird mites See Mites
Birds
psittacosis (ornithosis) transmitted by 1441
West Nile virus in 1371
Birdshot retinochoroidopathy, HLA in 801
Birth classes 765
Birth control pills See Oral contraceptives
Bisacodyl 543 544
Bisferiens pulse, in heart disease 314
cardiomyopathy 403
Bismuth compounds
for diarrhea 547
in H pylori eradication therapy 589 590
for peptic ulcer disease 589
Bisoprolol
with hydrochlorothiazide 431
perioperative administration of 37 38
Bisphosphonates See also specific agent
adverse ocular effects of 179
antitumor/antiangiogenic effects of 1671
for bone pain 1688
in breast cancer management 722 1671
for hypercalcemia 880 1153–1154 1690–1691
for myeloma-related bone disease 517
for osteoporosis 625 761 1156–1157
chronic corticosteroid treatment and 1193
for Paget's disease of bone 1162
Bite cells, in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 492
Bitemporal field loss 150
Bites See Animal bites; Human bite wounds; Insect bites
Bithionol
for fascioliasis 1505
for paragonimiasis 1507
Bitot's spots, in vitamin A deficiency 1276
Bitter almonds, odor of in cyanide poisoning 1623
Bitter orange, in “Ephedra-free” weight loss products 1718
Biventricular pacing (resynchronization), for cardiac failure 396
Black eye 171
in nasal trauma 199
Black molds
chromoblastomycosis caused by 1547
phaeohyphomycosis caused by 1550
Black patients See also Racial/ethnic background
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in 492
hypertension management in 440–441
sickle cell anemia in 493
Black plague 1431
Black widow spider bite 136 1636
Blackwater fever 1487
Bladder
biopsy of, in bladder cancer 967
cancer of 967–969 968 1664
hematuria in 936 967
incidence/risk/mortality of 967 1640
schistosomiasis and 967 1502
disorders/dysfunction of See also specific type and Urinary incontinence
spinal trauma causing 1021
examination of 933
infection of See Cystitis
neuropathic, vincristine causing 1684
in schistosomiasis 1501 1502 1503
Bladder catheterization, intermittent, for incontinence management 949
Bladder irrigation, in hemorrhagic cystitis prevention 1683
Bladder toxicity
cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide causing 1683
neuropathies, vincristine-induced 1684
Blalock shunt, for tetralogy of Fallot 323 324
Blast cells
in acute leukemia 508
refractory anemia with (RAEB) 506 507
Blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia 504
Blastomycosis 1545–1546
South American (paracoccidioidomycosis) 1546
Bleach See Hypochlorite
Bleeding/blood loss See also specific cause or structure affected
acquired factor VIII antibodies causing 527
in acute leukemia 508
anticoagulation therapy and 289
in Bernard-Soulier syndrome 525
in cirrhosis 673
coagulation factor deficiencies causing 528
liver disease and 528–529
in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 530
in essential thrombocytosis 502
gastrointestinal See Gastrointestinal bleeding
in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia 525
in hemophilia A 526
in hemophilia B 528
in hemorrhagic fevers 1376
hemostasis disorders and 518–531
hypovolemic shock and 477 478
in idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura 518
iron deficiency and 482 557
in liver disease 528–529
malabsorption and 600
in myeloproliferative disorders 526
in platelet disorders 523–526
in polycythemia 500
postmenopausal 730
in endometrial carcinoma 738
during pregnancy
in gestational trophoblastic disease 774–775
third-trimester 774–775
premenopausal See also Menstruation; Vaginal bleeding
abnormal 728–730
preoperative evaluation of risk of 35 36 43–44
rectal See Rectal bleeding
in renal failure/uremia 526 910
retinal disorders and 168
in storage pool disease 525
thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction and 358 359
vaginal See Menstruation; Vaginal bleeding
in vitamin K deficiency 529
in von Willebrand's disease 523–524
Bleeding history, directed, preoperative 35 36 43–44
Bleeding scans, in lower gastrointestinal bleeding 556
P.1763
Bleeding time
in hemophilia A 525 526
in von Willebrand's/pseudo-von Willebrand's disease 524 525
Bleomycin 1675
Raynaud's phenomenon caused by 465
toxicity of 1675 1684–1685
for wart removal 129
Blepharitis 100 155
Blepharospasm 1012
Blind loop syndrome, vitamin B12 deficiency in 487
Blind spot, enlargement of in optic disk swelling 169
Blindness 150–151
in basilar artery migraine 975
in Beh et's syndrome 851
cortical, occipital lobe lesions causing 1001
diabetic eye disease and 167 1221
fleeting (amaurosis fugax) 166
in giant cell arteritis 846 847
glaucoma causing 161
legal 150
onchocerciasis causing 1527 1528
snow 172
trachoma causing 156
in vitamin A deficiency 1276
Blister, burn 1595
Blistering (bullous) skin disorders 92 125–127
Blocadren See Timolol
Blood
artificial, for volume replacement in shock 479
contaminated, transfusion of 534
disorders of 481–535
exposure to, HIV infection/AIDS transmission risk and 1319
screening 534
for drugs 1615 1615
for hepatitis 534 655
for HIV 534 1319 1331
for HTLV 534 1376
for West Nile virus 534 1372
in stool See Diarrhea, bloody; Dysentery; Fecal occult blood testing
transfusion of See Transfusions
in urine See Erythrocytes; Hematuria; Hemoglobinuria
Blood alcohol level 1615 1624
in acute intoxication/poisoning 1083–1084 1624
laboratory reference range for 1737
Blood culture
in endocarditis 1415
in fever of unknown origin 1287
in gonococcal arthritis 857
in gram-negative bacteremia and sepsis 1423–1424
in nosocomial pneumonia 254
in septic (nongonococcal) arthritis 856
in tuberculosis 258
in typhoid fever 1425
Blood dyscrasias See also Bleeding
retinal disorders associated with 168
Blood flukes, schistosomiasis caused by 1501
Blood gases See Arterial blood gases; Venous blood gases
Blood glucose levels See Glucose, blood levels of
Blood loss See Bleeding
Blood pressure See also Hypertension; Hypotension
duloxetine affecting 1071
in heart disease 314 341
myocardial infarction 356
in hypertension 419 426
classification/management and 420
in hypertensive urgencies/emergencies 442
measurement of 3 419
ambulatory monitoring for 419
orthostatic changes in See also Orthostatic (postural) hypotension
in preeclampsia-eclampsia 771 772 772 773
during pregnancy 416
Blood specimen, tubes for collection of 1743
Blood transfusions See Transfusions
Blood (compatibility) typing, for transfusions 533
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 898–899 899
in acute renal failure 901 901
in chronic renal failure 908
laboratory reference range for 1736
Blood urea nitrogen:creatinine ratio 898–899
in acute renal failure 901 902
Blood vessels See specific type and under Vascular
Blood volume, during pregnancy 416
Blowout fracture, of orbital floor 171
Blue bloaters 238 239
Blue dot sign 934
Blue nevi 93
Blue scleras, in osteogenesis imperfecta 1102
Blue top tubes 1743
Blumer's shelf 597
Blunt trauma, cardiac 414
Blurred vision 150
BMI See Body mass index
BMPR1A gene, in familial juvenile polyposis 636
BMS-217380-01 (tesmilifene) 1701
BNP See B-type natriuretic peptide
Body cavity (primary effusion) lymphoma 1362
Body fat See also Obesity
distribution of in obesity 1267
in diabetics 1196 1198 1267
evaluation of 1263
Body fluid precautions (universal) See Body substance isolation
Body image disturbances, in anorexia nervosa 1271
Body lice 135
Body mass index 13 1263 1265 1267
cancer risk and 1647
genetic factors influencing 1267–1268
in obesity 1098 1267
Body ringworm 101–102
Body substance isolation (universal precautions) 1292
HIV infection/AIDS prevention and 1331
in SARS 1386
Body temperature
basal See Basal body temperature
in burn injury, maintaining 1598
elevated See also Fever; Hyperthermia cholinergic urticaria caused by, 121, 122
in heat exhaustion 1593
in heat stroke 1594
in hypothermia 1590
normal 26
in pulmonary embolism 282
Body water 865 866
water deficit calculation and 872
Body weight See Weight
Boerhaave's syndrome 538
Boils (furunculosis) 138–139 1406 1556
in HIV infection/AIDS 1327–1328
nasal vestibulitis and 197
Boletus (gastrointestinal-irritant type) mushroom poisoning 1629 1630
Bondage (sexual masochism) 1052
Bone
avascular necrosis of 863
blastomycosis involving 1545
coccidioidomycosis involving 859–860 1539
defective mineralization of, in osteomalacia 1158 1160
hydatid cysts of 1513 1514 1515
in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism 911 1150
infections of 858–861
metabolic disease of See also specific disorder
in renal failure 911 1150
mycotic infection of 859–860
myeloma involving 516
Paget's disease of 1161–1162
in syphilis 1450
tetracycline affecting 1571
tuberculosis of 860–861
tumors/tumor-like lesions of 861–862
Bone density measurements/bone densitometry, in osteoporosis 1156 1156
Bone marrow
depression/failure of
in aplastic anemia 497
in cancer chemotherapy 1680–1681
in myelofibrosis 503
in myeloma 515
in neutropenia 498 499
radiation causing 1600
examination/morphology of
in chronic myelogenous leukemia 505
in hairy cell leukemia 512
in myelodysplasia 507
in myelofibrosis 503
in myeloma 516
in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 513
in sideroblastic anemia 486
hydatid cysts of 1513
Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation 802–803 1661 1680
for acute leukemia 509
adenovirus infection and 1386 1387
for aplastic anemia 498
for breast cancer 719 723
for cancer 1661
for chronic lymphocytic leukemia 511
for chronic myelogenous leukemia 505–506
for Hodgkin's disease 515
immunosuppressive therapy after 804
infections following 1289
prevention of 1290
for myelodysplasia 507
for myelofibrosis 504
for myeloma 516 516–517
for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 513
for thalassemia 486
Bone pain
adjuvant modalities for 80
bisphosphonates for 1688
endocrine causes of 1102
in Gaucher's disease 1706
in hyperparathyroidism 1102
malabsorption and 600
management of in cancer patients 1688
in Paget's disease 1161
in renal osteodystrophy 911
Bone scanning
for breast cancer metastases 710
for prostate cancer metastases 963
P.1764
BOOP See Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia
Boosting, tuberculin skin testing and 258–259
Borderline personality disorder 1054 1055
Bordetella infection
bronchiseptica 1420
pertussis (whooping cough) 1420
prevention of 1304 1305–1306 1420
Boredom, in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders 1057
Bornholm disease (epidemic pleurodynia) 1389
Borrelia (borreliosis)
afzelii 1457 1459
bissettii sp nov 1457
burgdorferi 1457 1458 1459 1554
lymphocytoma caused by 1458
myopericarditis caused by 408
sensu lato 1457
sensu stricto 1457
garinii 1457
recurrentis 1454 1554
Bortezomib (PS-341) 1668 1676
for myeloma 516
Bosentan, for pulmonary hypertension 411
Botulinum antitoxin 1035 1411
Botulinum toxin 1035 1410
Botulinum toxin injections
for achalasia 580
for anal fissures 647
for focal torsion dystonias 1012
Botulism 1035 1302 1410–1411
Bouchard's nodes 808
Bougie dilators See Esophageal dilation
Boutonneuse fever 1392 1396
Boutonni re deformity 828
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) 1374–1375
Bowel irrigation, for poisoning/drug overdose 1612
Bowen's disease 107
BPH See Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Brachial plexus, in thoracic outlet/cervical rib syndromes 467 816 1031
Brachial plexus neuropathy 1031
Brachiocephalic arteries, occlusive disease of 456
Brachiola connori 1477
Brachytherapy 1659
for lung cancer 271
for prostate cancer 965
Bradycardia/bradyarrhythmias 382–385
in myocardial infarction 356 361
persistent (sick sinus syndrome) 382
in poisoning/drug overdose 1609
sinus See Sinus bradycardia
in sleep apnea 306
syncope caused by 313
Bradykinesia, in parkinsonism 1007
BRAF gene mutation, in papillary thyroid carcinoma 1123
Brain abscess 1003–1004 1295 1555
anaerobes causing 1434
cancer-related 1004
in nocardiosis 1437
otitis media and 186
seizures and 980
Brain cysts
in cysticercosis (neurocysticercosis) 1510–1511 1511 1512
hydatid 1513
Brain death 1019
Brain natriuretic peptide See B-type natriuretic peptide
Brain stem
arteriovenous malformations in 998
ischemia of, seizures differentiated from 983
lesions/tumors/infarction of 1001
coma or stupor caused by 1018
gliomas 1000 1001
Brain stimulation, for parkinsonism 1010
Brain tumors See Intracranial mass lesions
Bran, dietary (bran powder) See Fiber, dietary
Branch retinal artery occlusion 166
Branch retinal vein occlusion 165–166
Branchial cleft cysts 215
BRCA1/BRCA2 genes 1642–1643
breast cancer and 706 706 1642–1643 1656–1657
in male 726
cancer prevention and 1643 1656–1657
ovarian cancer and 743 1642–1643 1656–1657
screening for 1643
Breast 702–707
abscess of 704–705
nipple discharge caused by 704
puerperal mastitis and 787
augmented See also Breast implants
disorders of 705
benign disorders of 702–705
biopsy of
in breast mass evaluation 710–712 711 712
in fat necrosis 704
in fibroadenoma 703
in fibrocystic condition 702
mammographic localization 712
stereotactic 712
cancer of See Breast cancer
examination of, in cancer screening/early detection 15 707 709–710 709 710 1654–1655 1655
fat necrosis of 704
fibroadenoma of 703
fibrocystic condition and 702–703
breast cancer risk and 702 703 705–706 706
nipple discharge in 702 704
mass/lump in See Breast cancer; Lump (breast)
phyllodes tumor of 703
reconstruction of after mastectomy 718 725–726
local recurrence and 705
self-examination of
in cancer screening 14 15 708 1655
in fibrocystic condition 703
Breast cancer 705–727
arm edema and 477 710 725
bilateral 716
biopsy in diagnosis of 710–712 711 712
breast reconstruction/implants and 705 718 725–726
local recurrence and 705
clinical clues to detection of 709–713 709 710
clinical examination in detection/evaluation of 15 707 709–710 709 710 1654–1655 1655
diet and 706 1647 1647–1648
differential diagnosis of 713
ductal carcinoma in situ and 713 716 716
early detection/screening for 707–713 1654–1655
in elderly 55
genetic testing and 706 1643
endometrial cancer and 706 706
estrogen replacement therapy and 706 724 1187 1188 1645
fibrocystic condition and 702 703 705–706
genetic mutations associated with 706 706 1641 1642 1642–1643 1643
prevention and 1643 1656–1657
screening for 706 1643
hormone receptor sites and 716–717
prognosis and 720 724
treatment and 716–717 719 720 721–722 1670 1679
incidence/risk/mortality of 705–706 706 1639 1640 1640
in male 726
in situ 713 716 716
lactation and 716 782
lobular carcinoma in situ and 713 716 716
in male 726–727
in Klinefelter's syndrome 1707
mammography in detection/evaluation of 14 15 707–708 708–709 711 712 712 1654–1655
breast implants and 705
metastatic 710
imaging for 710
lymph node assessment and 709–710 709 710
treatment of 721–724 721
nipple discharge in 704 713
noninvasive 716
oral contraceptive use and 706 753
Paget's 713–715
nipple involvement and 107–108 713
paraneoplastic syndromes associated with 1696–1697
pathologic types of 713 716
prognosis and 724
pleural effusion in 302
pregnancy affecting risk of 705 706
pregnancy and 716 724 726 782
prevention of 14 15
chemoprevention and 1651–1652 1652
genetic risk factors and 1643 1656–1657
prognosis for 720 724 724
in male 726 727
recurrence and 725
recurrence of 724 725
breast reconstruction/implants and 705
Oncotype Dx assay in assessment of 1642 1679
self-examination in prevention/screening of 14 15 708 1655
smoking and 5 1647
staging of 713 714–715
primary therapy choice and 717
prognosis and 724 724
treatment of 717–724 1665
adjuvant systemic 718–720 720 1679
breast-conserving 717–718 718 1658
chemotherapy in 719 720 723 1665
choice of primary therapy and 717
curative 717–721 720
follow-up 724–726
hormone receptor status and 716–717 719 720 721–722 1670 1679
hormone therapy in 719 721–723 721 1670
in male 727
palliative 721–724 721
during pregnancy/lactation 716 726 782
radiation therapy in 721
recommendations in 718
P.1765
secondary malignancy and 1644–1645
targeted therapy in 721–723
ultrasonography in evaluation of 711 712 713
Breast-conserving therapy, for breast cancer 717–718 1658
local recurrence and 725
during pregnancy/lactation 716
recommendations regarding 718
Breast feeding See Lactation
Breast implants
breast cancer in patient with 705
for breast reconstruction 725
local cancer recurrence and 705
disorders associated with 705
rupture of 705
Breast milk See Lactation
Breast pain, in fibrocystic condition 702 703
Breast surgery See Lumpectomy; Mastectomy
Breath odor
in cyanide poisoning 1623
in diabetic ketoacidosis 1198 1228
in uremia 907
Breath sounds 221
Breathing See also under Respiratory
abnormalities of in coma or stupor 1018
accessory muscles of 221
assessment of rate and pattern of 221
sleep-related disorders of 305–306
Breathing exercises, for COPD 242
Brenner tumor 745
Brethaire See Terbutaline
Brethine See Terbutaline
Bretylium 370
for ventricular tachycardia 379–380
Brevibloc See Esmolol
Bricanyl See Terbutaline
Brief psychotic disorders 1057
Brill's disease 1392 1393
Brimonidine
for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 161 173
overdose/toxicity of 1623
Brinzolamide, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension 161 173
Briquet's syndrome 1048
Brodie-Trendelenburg test 469
Brodifacoum poisoning 1618–1619
Brody's disease 1102
Bromocriptine See also Dopamine agonists
breast feeding and 786
for cocaine withdrawal 1089
for ovulation induction 750
for parkinsonism 1009
Brompheniramine 789
Bronchi, foreign body in 214
Bronchial arteries, as source of hemoptysis 220
Bronchial carcinoid tumors (bronchial adenomas) 272
Bronchial lung sounds 221
Bronchial obstruction 226
Bronchial provocation testing 794
in asthma 224 227 794
cough-variant 219
Bronchiectasis 243–244
COPD differentiated from 240
cough in 21 243
cystic fibrosis and 243 245
Bronchiolitis 246–247
adenoviruses causing 1386
constrictive (bronchiolitis obliterans) 246
with organizing pneumonia (BOOP/cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis/COP) 246–247 276–278 278
postinfectious 246
toxic fume 246
proliferative 246
respiratory 247
interstitial lung disease associated with (RB-ILD) 276–278 277
respiratory syncytial virus causing 1381–1382
Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma 267
Bronchitis
chlamydial 1442
chronic 238 239
cough and 21 219
imaging findings in 239
industrial 297
management of 242
pulmonary function tests in 239
hemoptysis and 220
high-altitude 1605
in influenza 1384
Bronchoalveolar lavage, for respiratory secretion analysis
in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease 276
in Pneumocystis pneumonia 255 1322
in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 279
in sarcoidosis 279
Bronchoconstriction See Asthma; Bronchospasm
Bronchodilators
adverse ocular effects of 178
for asthma
exacerbation management and 234 236–237
long-acting 231 236–237
short-acting 234–236
for bronchiectasis 244
for COPD 241
for cystic fibrosis 246
Bronchogenic carcinoma 266–272
Bronchopneumonia, in measles 1363
Bronchoprovocation testing See Bronchial provocation testing
Bronchopulmonary mycosis/aspergillosis, allergic 244 1544
Bronchoscopy 225
in hemoptysis 220
in lung cancer 268
in pneumonia 254
in immunocompromised host 256
in solitary pulmonary nodule 266
in tuberculosis 257
Bronchospasm/bronchoconstriction See also Asthma
in desensitization therapy 1316
exercise-induced 227
long-acting beta-adrenergic agents for 231
mediator inhibitors for 231
short-acting beta-adrenergic agents for 234
in pulmonary edema 398
Brown recluse spider bites 136 1636
Brown-S quard syndrome 1021
Brown tumors of bone, in hyperparathyroidism 1150
Brucella abortus/melitensis/suis (brucellosis) 1429–1430 1552
Bruch's membrane, in age-related macular degeneration 164–165
Brudzinski sign, in meningococcal meningitis 1421
Brugia
malayi 1522 1523
eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes and 280 1522–1523
timori 1522
Bruits
carotid 456
in cerebral arteriovenous malformation 997–998
in heart disease 314
Brush border enzyme deficiency 601
Bruxism, earache and 187
BSE See Bovine spongiform encephalopathy; Breast, self-examination of
Buboes
in lymphogranuloma venereum 645 1440
in plague 1430
Budd-Chiari syndrome (hepatic vein obstruction) 678–680
Budesonide
for asthma 232
for inflammatory bowel disease 621
Crohn's disease 625
microscopic colitis 631
Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) 462–463
Bufotenin, toxicity of 1624
Bulbar palsy, progressive 1022
Bulbar poliomyelitis 1366 1367
Bulbocavernosus reflex 948
Bulbospinal neuronopathy, X-linked 1022
Bulimia nervosa 1271–1272
with anorexia nervosa (bulimarexia) 1271–1272
Bullectomy, for emphysema 243
Bullous impetigo, in HIV infection/AIDS 1327
Bullous pemphigoid 127
Bullous (blistering) skin disorders 92 125–127
Bumetanide 429
for hypertensive urgencies/emergencies 445
Bumex See Bumetanide
BUN See Blood urea nitrogen
Bundle branch block 383
in myocardial infarction 362
Buprenorphine 74 1631
Bupropion 1070 1072
overdose/toxicity of, seizures/serotonin syndrome caused by 1637
for smoking cessation 7 11
Burin variant of MEN 1 1192
Burkholderia mallei (glanders) 1553
Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) 1553
infection in drug users caused by 1299
Burkitt's lymphoma 512 513
chromosomal abnormalities in 512 1641
Epstein-Barr virus in 1359 1644
Burn blister 1595
Burn surface area, estimating 1595 1595
Burning mouth syndrome 203–204
Burning/scratching, of eye 150
Burns 1595–1599 1595
abdominal compartment syndrome and 1597
chemical See Chemical injury
depth of 1595
electric 1596 1597 1599
fasciotomy in 1597
extent of 1595 1595
flash (arcing) 1599
P.1766
Joule 1599
management of
fluid resuscitation in 1596 1597
initial 1596
patient support and 1598
wound care 1597–1598
psychiatric/psychologic problems associated with hospitalization and 1096
radiation 1600
smoke inhalation and 293 1596
survival after 1596
systemic reactions to 1596
Bursitis 823
Buruli ulcer 1438
Buspar See Buspirone
Buspirone 1045
for anxiety 1046
for obsessive-compulsive disorders 1047
Busulfan 1672 1684
Butane toxicity/abuse 1627
Butenafine 89
Butoconazole, for vaginal candidiasis 732
Butorphanol 74
Butterfly rash, in systemic lupus erythematosus 834 835
Butyrate, for radiation-induced toxicity 1683
Butyrophenones 1059 1059 1060
Bypass grafting
coronary artery See Coronary artery bypass grafting
for erectile dysfunction 952
for lower extremity occlusive disease 454–455
for renal artery stenosis 460 914
Bypass surgery, for obesity 14 1099 1269
Byssinosis 297
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