List of Figures

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Figure 1-1 A Storage Area Network 3

Figure 1-2 Embedded Storage 4

Figure 1-3 Directly Attached Storage 5

Figure 1-4 Directly Attached Shared Storage 6

Figure 1-5 Network Attached Storage (NAS) 7

Figure 1-6 Storage Behind the Server 8

Figure 1-7 Sharing a Physical Device, But Not Sharing LUNs 11

Figure 1-8 SAN Storage Devices 12

Figure 1-9 SAN Interconnect Devices 15

Figure 1-10 An In-building SAN 17

Figure 1-11 An On-campus or Crosstown SAN 18

Figure 1-12 A Cross-country SAN 19

Figure 2-1 Basic Elements of a Computer 24

Figure 2-2 Tape Usage 26

Figure 2-3 Tape Capacity Growth 27

Figure 2-4 Sequential Data 28

Figure 2-5 Real-Time Access 30

Figure 2-6 Early LANs 31

Figure 2-7 The Classic LAN 32

Figure 2-8 Multiple Computers on a LAN 32

Figure 2-9 Network Attached Storage 33

Figure 2-10 Example of a SAN 43

Figure 3-1 Current Limitations 46

Figure 3-2 Basic Terms: Node, Port, and Link 51

Figure 3-3 Point-to-Point Topology 51

Figure 3-4 Two Point-to-Point Connections 52

Figure 3-5 Arbitrated Loop Topology 53

Figure 3-6 Fabric Topology 54

Figure 3-7 Fibre Channel Protocol Functional Levels 55

Figure 3-8 Placement in a Topology 56

Figure 3-9 Functional Levels 57

Figure 3-10 Fibre Channel Framing Levels 58

Figure 3-11 Connectors 60

Figure 3-12 8B/10B Encoding 63

Figure 3-13 8B/10B Translation 64

Figure 3-14 FC-2 Frame Structure 67

Figure 3-15 Frame Header Structure 68

Figure 3-16 FC-AL Private Loop 73

Figure 3-17 FC-AL Public Loop 74

Figure 3-18 FC-AL Fabric 75

Figure 3-19 Monitoring or Idle State 79

Figure 3-20 Arbitration Process 80

Figure 3-21 The Open State 81

Figure 3-22 Open Loop 82

Figure 3-23 Closing the Loop 83

Figure 3-24 Cascaded Shortwave Hub Topology 86

Figure 3-25 Cascaded Longwave Hub Topology 87

Figure 4-1 SAN Building Blocks 92

Figure 4-2 A Simple Point-to-point Connection 97

Figure 4-3 A Point-to-point Connection with Two Paths 98

Figure 4-4 Point-to-point Connections from Two Servers 98

Figure 4-5 Clustered Servers 99

Figure 4-6 Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop 100

Figure 4-7 FC-AL with Two Hubs 101

Figure 4-8 FC-AL with Two Hubs and Ten Devices 102

Figure 4-9 FC-AL at Maximum Distance 103

Figure 4-10 FC-AL with Cascaded Hubs 103

Figure 4-11 FC-AL, Cascaded Hubs and Full Buildout 105

Figure 4-12 SAN with Fabric Switches 106

Figure 4-13 SAN with Switches and Hubs 108

Figure 4-14 SAN with Server Pools and Storage Pools 109

Figure 4-15 Connecting to a High-end Disk Array 110

Figure 4-16 Using a Bridge to Connect SCSI Devices 112

Figure 4-17 Two Bridges and HA SCSI Disk Systems 113

Figure 4-18 A Mix of SCSI Devices 114

Figure 4-19 Connecting a Lot of JBODs 115

Figure 4-20 Adding a SCSI-based Tape Library 116

Figure 4-21 Backup Over the SAN 117

Figure 4-22 SAN Evolution 118

Figure 6-1 The Bad Old Days: Mainframe Backup 136

Figure 6-2 The Bad New Days: Server Backup 137

Figure 6-3 Inability to Restore Today s Data 141

Figure 6-4 Disk-to-disk Copies 142

Figure 6-5 Accelis and Ultrium Tapes 154

Figure 6-6 20/700 and XP256 in a SAN 160

Figure 6-7 Fibre Channel Server Backup 163

Figure 6-8 Backup Over the LAN 164

Figure 6-9 Two Servers Share One Tape Library 165

Figure 6-10 Four Servers Share a Tape Library 165

Figure 6-11 Backup Topology with a SAN 166

Figure 6-12 Two Servers and Two Tape Libraries 167

Figure 6-13 Zero Downtime Backup 168

Figure 6-14 Disaster Recovery with Continuous Access XP 169

Figure 7-1 NT Consolidation 175

Figure 7-2 Mission Critical Implementation 176

Figure 7-3 Disaster Recovery/Backup 178

Figure 8-1 Hewlett-Packard s Fibre Channel Chips 185

Figure 8-2 Tachyon Internal Block Diagram 188

Figure 8-3 Tachyon Pin-out Block Diagram 190

Figure 8-4 A3404A Fibre Channel Adapter 192

Figure 8-5 A3636A Fibre Channel Adapter 193

Figure 8-6 A3591A Fibre Channel Adapter 194

Figure 8-7 A3740A Fibre Channel Adapter 195

Figure 8-8 A3740A Fibre Channel Adapter (New Revision) 195

Figure 8-9 A5158A Fibre Channel Adapter 196

Figure 8-10 A3724A/A4839A FC-AL Hub 198

Figure 8-11 Cascaded Longwave Hub Topology 200

Figure 8-12 Fibre Channel Manager in Web Browser 201

Figure 8-13 Cascaded Shortwave FC-AL Hub Configuration 203

Figure 8-14 Connected Ports on the Same Hub 203

Figure 8-15 Multiple Connections Between Hubs 204

Figure 8-16 More than Two Hubs Connected 204

Figure 8-17 A3661A FC30 Disk Array 205

Figure 8-18 A5277A FC60 Disk Array 206

Figure 8-19 Block Diagram of the FC60 209

Figure 8-20 The XP256 Disk Array 210

Figure 8-21 XP256 Disk Array Components 213

Figure 8-22 Resource Manager 218

Figure 8-23 HP SureStore E Tape Library 20/700 219

Figure 8-24 HP SureStore E Tape Library 2/20 221

Figure 8-25 FC-SCSI 4/2 Bridge 223

Figure 8-26 Bridge Topology with Two DLT Libraries 224

Figure 8-27 Bridge Topology with Four SCSI Disk Arrays 225

Figure 8-28 Example of a Bridge Topology with a Hub 226

Figure 8-29 Hewlett-Packard Switch F16 227

Figure 8-30 FC Switch Configuration 229

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