Item 10. Template Specialization and Overloading

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Difficulty: 6

How do you specialize and overload templates? When you do, how do you determine which template gets called? Try your hand at analyzing these 12 examples .

1. What is template specialization? Give an example.

2. What is partial specialization? Give an example.

3. Consider the following declarations:

    template<typename T1, typename T2> void g( T1, T2 );                       // 1 template<typename T> void g( T );       // 2 template<typename T> void g( T, T );    // 3 template<typename T> void g( T* );      // 4 template<typename T> void g( T*, T );   // 5 template<typename T> void g( T, T* );   // 6 template<typename T> void g( int, T* ); // 7 template<> void g<int>( int );          // 8 void g( int, double );                  // 9 void g( int );                          // 10 

   Which of the above functions are invoked by each of the following? Identify the template parameter types, where appropriate.

    int             i; double          d; float           f; complex<double> c; g( i );         // a g<int>( i );    // b g( i, i );      // c g( c );         // d g( i, f );      // e g( i, d );      // f g( c, &c );     // g g( i, &d );     // h g( &d, d );     // i g( &d );        // j g( d, &i );     // k g( &i, &i );    // l 

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