The transformation of the ownership system and business environment in Poland has made it necessary for enterprises to reform their entire structure, that is, their strategy and mission, production programmes, organizational culture, human resource management, forward planning, ways of thinking about business and the firm, means of external and internal communication, and so on. These changes and their extent can be investigated with the help of economic, organizational, marketing or psychological methods , as well as from a sociological viewpoint. The concept of organizational identity and its change can be used to pinpoint changes in Polish industrial companies and the factors that have determined these changes. It allows for identification of those factors which managers and owner/managers can influence and those they cannot.